Docker常用命令
docker group
curtis@curtis-FP650:/etc/docker$ cat /etc/group | grep docker
docker:x:138:curtis
- docker 是一个用户组的名称。
- x 表示该组的密码已经设置。
- 138 是该组在系统中的组ID(GID)。
- curtis 是属于 docker 组的一个用户。
更改组成员资格后,用户需要注销再重新登录或重启系统以使更改生效。
帮助命令
docker version # 显示dockee的版本信息
docker info # 显示docker的系统信息,包括镜像和容器的数量
docker 命令 --help # 帮助信息
帮助文档地址:Reference documentation | Docker Documentation
镜像命令
docker image # 查看本地主机上的镜像
root@curtis-Aspire-E5-471G:/var/lib/docker# docker images
REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE
hello-world latest feb5d9fea6a5 7 months ago 13.3kB
root@curtis-Aspire-E5-471G:/var/lib/docker#
# 解释
REPOSITORY 镜像的仓库源
TAG 镜像标签
IMAGE ID 镜像的id
CREATED 镜像的创建时间
SZIE 镜像的大小
# 可选项
Options:
-a, --all Show all images (default hides
-q, --quiet Only show image IDs
docker search 搜索镜像
root@curtis-Aspire-E5-471G:/var/lib/docker# docker search mysql
NAME DESCRIPTION STARS OFFICIAL AUTOMATED
mysql MySQL is a widely used, open-source relation… 12497 [OK]
mariadb MariaDB Server is a high performing open sou… 4810 [OK]
mysql/mysql-server Optimized MySQL Server Docker images. Create… 925 [OK]
percona Percona Server is a fork of the MySQL relati… 575 [OK]
phpmyadmin phpMyAdmin - A web interface for MySQL and M… 520 [OK]
# 可选项,通过收藏来过滤
--filter=STARS=3000 搜索出来的镜像是STARS大于3000的镜像
docker pull 下载镜像
# 下载镜像 docker pull 镜像名[:tag]
root@curtis-Aspire-E5-471G:/var/lib/docker# docker pull mysql
Using default tag: latest # 如果不写tag,默认是 latest
latest: Pulling from library/mysql
4be315f6562f: Pull complete # 分层下载:docker image的核心,联合文件系统
96e2eb237a1b: Pull complete
8aa3ac85066b: Pull complete
ac7e524f6c89: Pull complete
f6a88631064f: Pull complete
15bb3ec3ff50: Pull complete
ae65dc337dcb: Pull complete
573c3c7fa18d: Pull complete
9d10771b98b8: Pull complete
3d8ef442614b: Pull complete
7dc17a6cea26: Pull complete
752752efdaea: Pull complete
Digest: sha256:2dafe3f044f140ec6c07716d34f0b317b98f8e251435abd347951699f7aa3904 # 签名
Status: Downloaded newer image for mysql:latest
docker.io/library/mysql:latest #真实地址
# 等价于
docker pull mysql
docker pull docker.io/library/mysql:latest
# 下载特定版本的镜像
root@curtis-Aspire-E5-471G:/var/lib/docker# docker pull mysql:5.7
5.7: Pulling from library/mysql
4be315f6562f: Already exists # 分层文件已经存在
96e2eb237a1b: Already exists
8aa3ac85066b: Already exists
ac7e524f6c89: Already exists
f6a88631064f: Already exists
15bb3ec3ff50: Already exists
ae65dc337dcb: Already exists
a4c4c43adf52: Pull complete
c6cab33e8f91: Pull complete
2e1c4f2c43f6: Pull complete
2e5ee322af48: Pull complete
Digest: sha256:e767595ba3408fbb2dda493be3594b9a148178df58325fafe8b0363662935624
Status: Downloaded newer image for mysql:5.7
docker.io/library/mysql:5.7
root@curtis-Aspire-E5-471G:/var/lib/docker# docker images
REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE
mysql 5.7 8aa4b5ffb001 3 days ago 462MB
mysql latest 96d0eae5ed60 3 days ago 524MB
hello-world latest feb5d9fea6a5 7 months ago 13.3kB
docker rmi 删除镜像!
root@curtis-Aspire-E5-471G:/var/lib/docker# docker rmi -f 8aa4b5ffb001 # 删除指定的容器
Untagged: mysql:5.7
Untagged: mysql@sha256:e767595ba3408fbb2dda493be3594b9a148178df58325fafe8b0363662935624
Deleted: sha256:8aa4b5ffb001f0092b491bdd8a48a83cb2ab2b721646db139d4cda64dea93600
Deleted: sha256:3c10adc5e3d6244bf3150fdbd5113dc61c7185066c5429df7f035cff76ea2dc3
Deleted: sha256:92a595964a3c30430b163e918640a9f2f47037cbab744866fa628d4096427e8a
Deleted: sha256:d4fb472f4bc83f4c024871ef9ab0e7533995cd25ba6c57d2272095edc894a685
Deleted: sha256:dc33ff6f21a8069a22f7176d1cc1fb7895af3f219b482c66a83073b9c140c3b6
root@curtis-Aspire-E5-471G:/var/lib/docker# docker images
REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE
mysql latest 96d0eae5ed60 3 days ago 524MB
hello-world latest feb5d9fea6a5 7 months ago 13.3kB
root@curtis-Aspire-E5-471G:/var/lib/docker# docker rmi -f $(docker images -aq) #删除所有
Untagged: mysql:latest
Untagged: mysql@sha256:2dafe3f044f140ec6c07716d34f0b317b98f8e251435abd347951699f7aa3904
Deleted: sha256:96d0eae5ed6069320a16ec1029b7378e330c31473bb7ba3027578c7c582c0076
Deleted: sha256:8b3106bcf588d8eb5b468b421e9de2559d51bfb4314c084a4e8d26a88ac0f28b
Deleted: sha256:a3d5651d373109abedaedd2a84bbdcdfc2efd18fc5ddc977365abfb11613dba5
Deleted: sha256:9eb4060a534852a3f9958111349521c81660d385bafbe88cd41acc5843c088ad
Deleted: sha256:064eedb664a6ec1774dd7b8e1e2d0696136b2d17004544d78888aa3db273ea23
Deleted: sha256:56def78a8b700366329f8fd6e5199c2d459f370630f0a6c537e54fa279dd8cee
Deleted: sha256:625e297c59e84d9cb5ae0dcd69714dcc7f3c823c281cce1616374232057c8fa9
Deleted: sha256:52994d077831159b79c473125916eb6874cebf38493e3046abe80935e181d8af
Deleted: sha256:9550bb960b1438abbdc93a0a5518055f4a455bbd65491e53fa795960ddf518a5
Deleted: sha256:d3dee54c8b55b10f9fe4100dd1fa6e59f98dbfbf84b5757f518d874f57acd1ec
Deleted: sha256:49ff85d13492ccda474015e5e7101f35e8cee2f4b23d2385195d8a897b4be097
Deleted: sha256:7310671d54d99fba70b7191bca28f8e9a4b5438c4b012a2ceca11cae17d3177b
Deleted: sha256:0ad3ddf4a4ce0fc9d65021897541c99e5497a11ced2419016147267df61732d3
Untagged: hello-world:latest
Untagged: hello-world@sha256:10d7d58d5ebd2a652f4d93fdd86da8f265f5318c6a73cc5b6a9798ff6d2b2e67
Deleted: sha256:feb5d9fea6a5e9606aa995e879d862b825965ba48de054caab5ef356dc6b3412
容器命令
说明:我们有了镜像才可以创建容器,linux,下载一个 centos 镜像
root@curtis-Aspire-E5-471G:/var/lib/docker# docker pull centos
Using default tag: latest
latest: Pulling from library/centos
a1d0c7532777: Downloading
latest: Pulling from library/centos
a1d0c7532777: Pull complete
Digest: sha256:a27fd8080b517143cbbbab9dfb7c8571c40d67d534bbdee55bd6c473f432b177
Status: Downloaded newer image for centos:latest
docker.io/library/centos:latest
新建容器并启动
docker run --name my_container -dit my_image:tag /bin/bash
docker run [可选参数] image
# 参数说明
--name="Nmae" # 容器名字 tomacat01 tomacat02,用来区分容器
-d # 后台方式运行
-it # 使用交互方式运行,进入容器查看内容
-p # 指定容器端口 -p 8080:8080
-p:ip:主机端口:容器端口
-p:主机端口:容器端口
-p:容器端口
容器端口
-P # 随机指定端口
# 启动并进入容器
root@curtis-Aspire-E5-471G:/var/lib/docker# docker run -it centos /bin/bash
[root@17bcc3e3421f /]# ls # 查看容器内的centos,基础版本
bin dev etc home lib lib64 lost+found media mnt opt proc root run sbin srv sys tmp usr var
# 从容器中退回主机
[root@17bcc3e3421f /]# exit
exit
root@curtis-Aspire-E5-471G:/var/lib/docker# docker ps -a
列出所有运行的容器
# docker ps 命令
# 当前在运行的容器
-a # 累出当前重在运行的容器 + 历史运行过的容器
-n=? # 显示最近运行的容器
-q # 只显示容器的编号
root@curtis-Aspire-E5-471G:/var/lib/docker# docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
17bcc3e3421f centos "/bin/bash" 4 minutes ago Exited (127) About a minute ago stoic_driscoll
4e565fc5cbaa feb5d9fea6a5 "/hello" 4 hours ago Exited (0) 4 hours ago inspiring_morse
root@curtis-Aspire-E5-471G:/var/lib/docker# docker ps
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
退出容器
exit # 容器停止并退出
ctl + P + Q # 容器不停止退出
删除容器
docker rm 容器id # 删除指定容器,不能删除正在运行的容器,rm -f
docker rm -f $(docker ps -aq) #删除所有的容器
docker ps -a -q | xargs dokcer rm #删除所有的容器
启动和停止容器的操作
docker start 容器id # 启动容器
docker restart 容器id # 重启容器
docker stop 容器id # 停止当前正在运行的容器
docker kill 容器id # 强制停止当前容器
常用的其他命令
后台启动容器
# dockcer run -d centos
# 问题docker ps 发现centos 停止了
#常见的坑,docker容器使用后台运行,就必须要有一个前台进程,docker发现没有应用,就会自动停止
# nginx,容器启动后,发现自己没有提供服务,就会立刻停止,就是没有程序了
查看日志
docker logs -f -t --tail 10 容器id
# 自己写一段shell脚本
root@curtis-Aspire-E5-471G:/var/lib/docker# docker run -d centos /bin/bash -c "while true;do echo goodstudy;sleep 1;done"
a108e9e1e9109f4bc0b78bc0da8b7f0080f8469280e5429b75ae3be7d02feb76
# 查看正在运行的容器
root@curtis-Aspire-E5-471G:/var/lib/docker# docker ps
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
a108e9e1e910 centos "/bin/bash -c 'while…" 2 seconds ago Up 2 seconds admiring_roentgen
# 查看容器日志
-tf # 显示日志
--tail # 显示日志的条数
root@curtis-Aspire-E5-471G:/var/lib/docker# docker logs -f -t --tail 10 a108e9e1e910
2022-05-01T08:12:24.133390751Z goodstudy
2022-05-01T08:12:25.138280466Z goodstudy
2022-05-01T08:12:26.143196473Z goodstudy
2022-05-01T08:12:27.147893502Z goodstudy
查看容器中的进程信息ps
# 命令 docker top 容器id
root@curtis-Aspire-E5-471G:/var/lib/docker# docker top a108e9e1e910
UID PID PPID C STIME TTY TIME CMD
root 9830 9808 0 16:10 ? 00:00:00 /bin/bash -c while true;do echo goodstudy;sleep 1;done
root 10226 9830 0 16:15 ? 00:00:00 /usr/bin/coreutils --coreutils-prog-shebang=sleep /usr/bin/sleep 1
查看镜像的元数据
# docker inspect --help
root@curtis-Aspire-E5-471G:/var/lib/docker# docker inspect a108e9e1e910
[
{
"Id": "a108e9e1e9109f4bc0b78bc0da8b7f0080f8469280e5429b75ae3be7d02feb76",
"Created": "2022-05-01T08:10:13.1218029Z",
"Path": "/bin/bash",
"Args": [
"-c",
"while true;do echo goodstudy;sleep 1;done"
],
"State": {
"Status": "running",
"Running": true,
"Paused": false,
"Restarting": false,
"OOMKilled": false,
"Dead": false,
"Pid": 9830,
"ExitCode": 0,
"Error": "",
"StartedAt": "2022-05-01T08:10:13.539226129Z",
"FinishedAt": "0001-01-01T00:00:00Z"
},
"Image": "sha256:5d0da3dc976460b72c77d94c8a1ad043720b0416bfc16c52c45d4847e53fadb6",
"ResolvConfPath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/a108e9e1e9109f4bc0b78bc0da8b7f0080f8469280e5429b75ae3be7d02feb76/resolv.conf",
"HostnamePath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/a108e9e1e9109f4bc0b78bc0da8b7f0080f8469280e5429b75ae3be7d02feb76/hostname",
"HostsPath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/a108e9e1e9109f4bc0b78bc0da8b7f0080f8469280e5429b75ae3be7d02feb76/hosts",
"LogPath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/a108e9e1e9109f4bc0b78bc0da8b7f0080f8469280e5429b75ae3be7d02feb76/a108e9e1e9109f4bc0b78bc0da8b7f0080f8469280e5429b75ae3be7d02feb76-json.log",
"Name": "/admiring_roentgen",
"RestartCount": 0,
"Driver": "overlay2",
"Platform": "linux",
"MountLabel": "",
"ProcessLabel": "",
"AppArmorProfile": "docker-default",
"ExecIDs": null,
"HostConfig": {
"Binds": null,
"ContainerIDFile": "",
"LogConfig": {
"Type": "json-file",
"Config": {}
},
"NetworkMode": "default",
"PortBindings": {},
"RestartPolicy": {
"Name": "no",
"MaximumRetryCount": 0
},
"AutoRemove": false,
"VolumeDriver": "",
"VolumesFrom": null,
"CapAdd": null,
"CapDrop": null,
"CgroupnsMode": "host",
"Dns": [],
"DnsOptions": [],
"DnsSearch": [],
"ExtraHosts": null,
"GroupAdd": null,
"IpcMode": "private",
"Cgroup": "",
"Links": null,
"OomScoreAdj": 0,
"PidMode": "",
"Privileged": false,
"PublishAllPorts": false,
"ReadonlyRootfs": false,
"SecurityOpt": null,
"UTSMode": "",
"UsernsMode": "",
"ShmSize": 67108864,
"Runtime": "runc",
"ConsoleSize": [
0,
0
],
"Isolation": "",
"CpuShares": 0,
"Memory": 0,
"NanoCpus": 0,
"CgroupParent": "",
"BlkioWeight": 0,
"BlkioWeightDevice": [],
"BlkioDeviceReadBps": null,
"BlkioDeviceWriteBps": null,
"BlkioDeviceReadIOps": null,
"BlkioDeviceWriteIOps": null,
"CpuPeriod": 0,
"CpuQuota": 0,
"CpuRealtimePeriod": 0,
"CpuRealtimeRuntime": 0,
"CpusetCpus": "",
"CpusetMems": "",
"Devices": [],
"DeviceCgroupRules": null,
"DeviceRequests": null,
"KernelMemory": 0,
"KernelMemoryTCP": 0,
"MemoryReservation": 0,
"MemorySwap": 0,
"MemorySwappiness": null,
"OomKillDisable": false,
"PidsLimit": null,
"Ulimits": null,
"CpuCount": 0,
"CpuPercent": 0,
"IOMaximumIOps": 0,
"IOMaximumBandwidth": 0,
"MaskedPaths": [
"/proc/asound",
"/proc/acpi",
"/proc/kcore",
"/proc/keys",
"/proc/latency_stats",
"/proc/timer_list",
"/proc/timer_stats",
"/proc/sched_debug",
"/proc/scsi",
"/sys/firmware"
],
"ReadonlyPaths": [
"/proc/bus",
"/proc/fs",
"/proc/irq",
"/proc/sys",
"/proc/sysrq-trigger"
]
},
"GraphDriver": {
"Data": {
"LowerDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/0d36dec5eb73483fcd9d9f51ac39d32e648a5916dd192fb62bc2c2a0c256c75d-init/diff:/var/lib/docker/overlay2/97ed0f87eaeb5bf5be6df1bca8dc81aacf39365398e6b67282b0bc1d89cc005c/diff",
"MergedDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/0d36dec5eb73483fcd9d9f51ac39d32e648a5916dd192fb62bc2c2a0c256c75d/merged",
"UpperDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/0d36dec5eb73483fcd9d9f51ac39d32e648a5916dd192fb62bc2c2a0c256c75d/diff",
"WorkDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/0d36dec5eb73483fcd9d9f51ac39d32e648a5916dd192fb62bc2c2a0c256c75d/work"
},
"Name": "overlay2"
},
"Mounts": [],
"Config": {
"Hostname": "a108e9e1e910",
"Domainname": "",
"User": "",
"AttachStdin": false,
"AttachStdout": false,
"AttachStderr": false,
"Tty": false,
"OpenStdin": false,
"StdinOnce": false,
"Env": [
"PATH=/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin"
],
"Cmd": [
"/bin/bash",
"-c",
"while true;do echo goodstudy;sleep 1;done"
],
"Image": "centos",
"Volumes": null,
"WorkingDir": "",
"Entrypoint": null,
"OnBuild": null,
"Labels": {
"org.label-schema.build-date": "20210915",
"org.label-schema.license": "GPLv2",
"org.label-schema.name": "CentOS Base Image",
"org.label-schema.schema-version": "1.0",
"org.label-schema.vendor": "CentOS"
}
},
"NetworkSettings": {
"Bridge": "",
"SandboxID": "7983047c2f6eb41bf970378920042585d2d162b8144cd4a78ec969e2011f4d0c",
"HairpinMode": false,
"LinkLocalIPv6Address": "",
"LinkLocalIPv6PrefixLen": 0,
"Ports": {},
"SandboxKey": "/var/run/docker/netns/7983047c2f6e",
"SecondaryIPAddresses": null,
"SecondaryIPv6Addresses": null,
"EndpointID": "9daeadbbf59a414149e826f8dc2bd562bfaca1363741286e77bf54d967486ad2",
"Gateway": "172.17.0.1",
"GlobalIPv6Address": "",
"GlobalIPv6PrefixLen": 0,
"IPAddress": "172.17.0.2",
"IPPrefixLen": 16,
"IPv6Gateway": "",
"MacAddress": "02:42:ac:11:00:02",
"Networks": {
"bridge": {
"IPAMConfig": null,
"Links": null,
"Aliases": null,
"NetworkID": "094cd4cc13856b9efcfcbc157640efcba6ea17205902be61c2b0f2a21a894d2c",
"EndpointID": "9daeadbbf59a414149e826f8dc2bd562bfaca1363741286e77bf54d967486ad2",
"Gateway": "172.17.0.1",
"IPAddress": "172.17.0.2",
"IPPrefixLen": 16,
"IPv6Gateway": "",
"GlobalIPv6Address": "",
"GlobalIPv6PrefixLen": 0,
"MacAddress": "02:42:ac:11:00:02",
"DriverOpts": null
}
}
}
}
]
在上述字段中MergeDir为容器内文件在host上的路径,可以用下述命令获取配置文件中相关字段。
docker inspect --format='{{.GraphDriver.Data.MergedDir}}' 60dc2da59582
进入当前正在运行的容器
# 我们通常容器都是使用后天方式运行的,我们需要进入容器修改一些配置
# 命令
docker exec -it 容器id /bin/bash
root@curtis-Aspire-E5-471G:/var/lib/docker# docker ps
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
a108e9e1e910 centos "/bin/bash -c 'while…" 13 minutes ago Up 13 minutes admiring_roentgen
root@curtis-Aspire-E5-471G:/var/lib/docker# docker exec -it a108e9e1e910 /bin/bash
[root@a108e9e1e910 /]# ps -ef
UID PID PPID C STIME TTY TIME CMD
root 1 0 0 08:10 ? 00:00:00 /bin/bash -c while true;do echo goodstudy;sleep 1;done
root 847 0 0 08:24 pts/0 00:00:00 /bin/bash
root 863 1 0 08:24 ? 00:00:00 /usr/bin/coreutils --coreutils-prog-shebang=sleep /usr/bin/sleep 1
root 864 847 0 08:24 pts/0 00:00:00 ps -ef
# 方式2
docker attach 容器id
# 测试
# 正在执行当前的代码....
#docker exec #进入容器后开启一个新的终端,可以在里面操作
#docker attach #进入容器正在执行的终端,不会启动新的进程
从容器内拷贝文件到主机
docker cp 容器id:容器内路径 目的路径
# 拷贝是一个手动过程,未来我们使用 -v 卷的技术,可以实现,自动同步 /home /home
CSDN参考笔记:Docker快速入门总结笔记_Code0cean的博客-CSDN博客_docker快速入门
图形化管理工具Portaniner安装
Portaniner是Docker的图形化管理工具,类似的工具还有Rancher(CI/CD再用),提供ige后台面板提供我们操作!
下载运行Portaniner镜像并运行,设置本机映射端口为8088
# 下载Portaniner镜像并启动
root@curtis-Aspire-E5-471G:/var/lib/docker# docker run -d -p 8088:9000 --restart=always -v /var/run/docker.sock:/var/run/docker.sock --privileged=true portainer/portainer
Unable to find image 'portainer/portainer:latest' locally
latest: Pulling from portainer/portainer
94cfa856b2b1: Pull complete
49d59ee0881a: Pull complete
a2300fd28637: Pull complete
Digest: sha256:fb45b43738646048a0a0cc74fcee2865b69efde857e710126084ee5de9be0f3f
Status: Downloaded newer image for portainer/portainer:latest
04774a0f41c0ffce8b9d773dba85a16e3df7065fd87e21751f2aa84858f3a72e
# 查看跑起来的容器
root@curtis-Aspire-E5-471G:/var/lib/docker# docker ps
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
04774a0f41c0 portainer/portainer "/portainer" 2 minutes ago Up 2 minutes 0.0.0.0:8088->9000/tcp, :::8088->9000/tcp friendly_galois
第一次登录设置admin用户的密码
密码为:admin123456
一般选择本地的容器仓库
Docker镜像详解
什么是镜像
镜像是一种轻量级、可执行的独立软件包,用来打包软件运行环境和基于运行环境开发的软件,它包含运行某个软件所需要的所有内容,包括代码,运行时(一个程序在运行或者在被执行的依赖)、库,环境变量和配置文件。
所有的应用,直接打包docker镜像,就可以直接跑起来!
如何可以得到镜像:
- 从仓库下载
- 朋友拷贝给你
- 自己制作一个镜像Dockerfile
UinonFS(联合文件系统)
UinonFS(联合文件系统):是一种分层、轻量级且高效的文件系统,它支持对文件系统的修改作为一次提交来一层层的叠加,同时可以将不同目录挂载到同一个虚拟机文件系统(unite several directories into a single virtual filesystem)。Union文件系统是docker镜像的基础,镜像可以通过分层来进行继承,基于基础镜像(没有父镜像),可以制作各种具体的应用镜像。
特性:一次同时加载多个文件系统,但从外面看起来,只能看到一个文件系统,联合加载会把各层文件系统叠加起来,这样最终的文件系统会包含所有底层的文件和目录。
Docker 镜像加载原理
docker 的镜像实际上由一层一层的文件系统组成,这种层级的文件系统UnionFS。
bootfs(boot file system)主要包含bootloader和kernel,bootloader主要是引导加载kernel,Linux刚启动时会加载bootfs文件系统,在docker镜像的最底层时bootfs。这一层与我们典型的Linux/Unix系统是一样的,包含boot加载器和内核。当boot加载完成之后整个内核就都在内存中了,此时内存的使用权已由bootfs转交给内核,此时系统也会卸载bootfs。
rootfs(root file system),在bootfs之上,包含的就是典型的Linux系统中的/dev,/proc,/bin,/etc等标准目录和文件。rootfs就是各种不同操作系统发行版,比如ubuntu,centos等等。
平时我们安装进虚拟机的Centos都是好几个G,为什么Docker这里才200M?
root@curtis-Aspire-E5-471G:/var/lib/docker# docker images
REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE
centos latest 5d0da3dc9764 7 months ago 231MB
portainer/portainer latest 580c0e4e98b0 13 months ago 79.1MB
对于一个精简的OS,rootfs可以很小,只需要包含最基本的命令,工具和程序库就可以了,因为底层直接用Host的kernel,自己只需要提供rootfs就可以了,由此可见对于不同的Linux发行版,bootfs基本是一致的,rootfs会有差别,因此不同的发行版可以公用bootfs。
分层的理解
我们可以去下载一个镜像,注意观察下载日志的输出日志,可以看到是一层一层的下载。
root@curtis-Aspire-E5-471G:/var/lib/docker# docker pull mysql:5.7
5.7: Pulling from library/mysql
4be315f6562f: Already exists # 分层文件已经存在
96e2eb237a1b: Already exists
8aa3ac85066b: Already exists
ac7e524f6c89: Already exists
f6a88631064f: Already exists
15bb3ec3ff50: Already exists
ae65dc337dcb: Already exists
a4c4c43adf52: Pull complete
c6cab33e8f91: Pull complete
2e1c4f2c43f6: Pull complete
2e5ee322af48: Pull complete
Digest: sha256:e767595ba3408fbb2dda493be3594b9a148178df58325fafe8b0363662935624
Status: Downloaded newer image for mysql:5.7
docker.io/library/mysql:5.7
思考:为社么docker镜像要采用这种分层的结构呢?
最大的好处,我觉得莫过于是资源共享了,比如有多少个镜像都从相同的base镜像构建而来,那么宿主机只需要在磁盘上保留一份base镜像,同时内存中需要加载一份base镜像,这样就可以为所有的容器服务了,而且镜像的每一层都可以被共享。
查看镜像分层的方式可以通过docker image inspect命令!!
root@curtis-Aspire-E5-471G:/var/lib/docker# docker image inspect centos
[
"RootFS": {
"Type": "layers",
"Layers": [
"sha256:74ddd0ec08fa43d09f32636ba91a0a3053b02cb4627c35051aff89f853606b59"
]
},
"Metadata": {
"LastTagTime": "0001-01-01T00:00:00Z"
}
}
]
理解:
所有的Docker镜像都起始于一个基础镜像层,当进行修改或者增加新的内容时,就会在当前镜像层之上,创建新的镜像层。
举一个加单的例子,假如基于ubuntu linux 16.04创建一个新的镜像,这就是新的镜像的第一层,如果在该镜像中添加Python包,该镜像就会在基础镜像层之上创建第二个镜像层,如果继续添加一个安全补丁,就会创建第三个镜像层。
该镜像当前包含3个镜像层,如下图所示(这只是一个用于演示的很简单的例子)
在添加额外的镜像层的同时,镜像始终保持是当前所有镜像的组合,理解这一点非常重要,下图举了一个简单的例子,每个镜像层包含3个文件,而镜像包含了来自两个镜像层的6个文件。
上图中的镜像层跟之前图中略有区别,主要目的便于展示文件。
下图中展示了一个稍微复杂的三层镜像,在外部看来整个镜像只有6个文件,这是因为最上层中的文件7是文件5的一个更新版本。
在这种情况下,上层镜像层中的文件覆盖了底层镜像中的文件,这样使得文件的更新版本作为一个镜像层添加到镜像当中。
Docker通过存储引擎(新版本采用快照机制)的方式来实现镜像层堆栈,并保证多层镜像层对外展示为统一的文件系统,Linux上可用的存储引擎有AUFS,Overlay2,Device Mapper,Btrfs以及ZFS。顾名思义,每种存储引擎都基于 Linux 中对应的文件或者块设备技术,并且每种存储引擎都有其独有的性能特点。
特点
Docker 镜像都是只读的,当容器启动时,一个新的可写层被加载到镜像的顶部!
这一层就是我们通常说的容器层,容器之下的都叫镜像层。
提交镜像
使用docker commit 命令提交容器成为一个新的版本
# 命令与
docker commit -m=“提交的描述信息” -a="作者" 容器id 目标镜像名:[TAG]
# 1、启动一个默认的tomcat
root@curtis-Aspire-E5-471G:/var/lib/docker# docker run -it -p 8080:8080 tomcat
Using CATALINA_BASE: /usr/local/tomcat
Using CATALINA_HOME: /usr/local/tomcat
Using CATALINA_TMPDIR: /usr/local/tomcat/temp
Using JRE_HOME: /usr/local/openjdk-11
Using CLASSPATH: /usr/local/tomcat/bin/bootstrap.jar:/usr/local/tomcat/bin/tomcat-juli.jar
Using CATALINA_OPTS:
NOTE: Picked up JDK_JAVA_OPTIONS: --add-opens=java.base/java.lang=ALL-UNNAMED --add-opens=java.base/java.io=ALL-UNNAMED --add-opens=java.base/java.util=ALL-UNNAMED --add-opens=java.base/java.util.concurrent=ALL-UNNAMED --add-opens=java.rmi/sun.rmi.transport=ALL-UNNAMED
01-May-2022 12:44:52.013 INFO [main] org.apache.catalina.startup.VersionLoggerListener.log Server version name: Apache Tomcat/10.0.20
01-May-2022 12:44:52.023 INFO [main] org.apache.catalina.startup.VersionLoggerListener.log Server built: Mar 31 2022 14:24:36 UTC
01-May-2022 12:44:52.023 INFO [main] org.apache.catalina.startup.VersionLoggerListener.log Server version number: 10.0.20.0
01-May-2022 12:44:52.023 INFO [main] org.apache.catalina.startup.VersionLoggerListener.log OS Name: Linux
01-May-2022 12:44:52.024 INFO [main] org.apache.catalina.startup.VersionLoggerListener.log OS Version: 5.13.0-39-generic
01-May-2022 12:44:52.024 INFO [main] org.apache.catalina.startup.VersionLoggerListener.log Architecture: amd64
01-May-2022 12:44:52.024 INFO [main] org.apache.catalina.startup.VersionLoggerListener.log Java Home: /usr/local/openjdk-11
01-May-2022 12:44:52.025 INFO [main] org.apache.catalina.startup.VersionLoggerListener.log JVM Version: 11.0.15+10
01-May-2022 12:44:52.025 INFO [main] org.apache.catalina.startup.VersionLoggerListener.log JVM Vendor: Oracle Corporation
01-May-2022 12:44:52.025 INFO [main] org.apache.catalina.startup.VersionLoggerListener.log CATALINA_BASE: /usr/local/tomcat
01-May-2022 12:44:52.026 INFO [main] org.apache.catalina.startup.VersionLoggerListener.log CATALINA_HOME: /usr/local/tomcat
# 2、发现这个默认的tomacat 是没有webapps应用,镜像的原因,官方默认没有tomcat应用
# 3、我自己拷贝进去了基本的文件
root@curtis-Aspire-E5-471G:/home/curtis# docker exec -it ac3c80cef910 /bin/bash
root@ac3c80cef910:/usr/local/tomcat#
root@ac3c80cef910:/usr/local/tomcat#
root@ac3c80cef910:/usr/local/tomcat# ls
BUILDING.txt CONTRIBUTING.md LICENSE NOTICE README.md RELEASE-NOTES RUNNING.txt bin conf lib logs native-jni-lib temp webapps webapps.dist work
root@ac3c80cef910:/usr/local/tomcat# cp -rf webapps.dist/* ./webapps
root@ac3c80cef910:/usr/local/tomcat#
root@ac3c80cef910:/usr/local/tomcat# exit
# 4、将操作过的容器通过commit提交为一个镜像,以后我们就可以使用我们修改过的镜像即可,这就是我们自己的一个修改的镜像
root@curtis-Aspire-E5-471G:/home/curtis# docker commit -m="add webapps" -a="Curtis" ac3c80cef910 tomcat02:1.0
sha256:aced601e8fbcf88ddb95042fb5760b569cf3f9a22dbc2165aa947abf675b912f
root@curtis-Aspire-E5-471G:/home/curtis# docker ps
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
ac3c80cef910 tomcat "catalina.sh run" 8 minutes ago Up 8 minutes 0.0.0.0:8080->8080/tcp, :::8080->8080/tcp quirky_shirley
root@curtis-Aspire-E5-471G:/home/curtis# docker images
REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE
tomcat02 1.0 aced601e8fbc 11 seconds ago 684MB
tomcat latest 0183eb12bb0c 5 days ago 680MB
centos latest 5d0da3dc9764 7 months ago 231MB
portainer/portainer latest 580c0e4e98b0 13 months ago 79.1MB
学习方式说明:理解概念,但是一定要实践,最后时间和理论相结合一次搞定这个只是
如果你想要保存当前容器的状态,就可以通过commit来提交,获得一个镜像。
好比学习VM的时候学习的快照。
容器数据卷
docker的理念回顾
将应用和环境打包成一个镜像!
数据?如果数据都在容器中,那么我们容器删除,数据就会丢失!需求:数据可以持久化
MySQL,容器删了,删库跑路!需求:MySQL数据可以存储在本地!
容器之间可以有一个数据共享的技术!Docker容器中产生的数据,同步到本地!
这就是卷技术!目录的挂载,将我们容器的目录,挂载到Linux上面!
总结一句话:容器的持久化和同步操作,容器间也是可以文件共享的!!
使用数据卷
方式一:直接使用命令来挂载 -v
docker run -it -v 主机目录:容器内目录
root@curtis-Aspire-E5-471G:/home/curtis# docker run -it -v /home/ceshi:/home centos /bin/bash
[root@45d74256a828 /]# ls
bin dev etc home lib lib64 lost+found media mnt opt proc root run sbin srv sys tmp usr var
[root@45d74256a828 /]# cd /home/
[root@45d74256a828 home]# ls
[root@45d74256a828 home]# mkdir ll
# 启动起来之后可以通过docker inspect 容器id
测试文件是否同步!!!
1、停止容器
2、修改宿主机上的文件
3、启动容器
4、数据还是同步
好处:我们以后只需要在本地修改即可,容器内会自动同步!!!!
实战:安装MySQL
思考:MySQL的数据持久化的问题,
# 获取镜像
root@curtis-Aspire-E5-471G:/home/ceshi# docker pull mysql:5.7
# 运行容器,需要做数据挂载
# 安装启动 mysql 需要配置密码,这个是需要注意的点
docker run -d -p 3310:3306 -v /home/mysql/conf:/etc/mysql/conf.d -v /home/mysql/data:/var/lib/mysql -e MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD=123456 --name mysql01 mysql:5.7
# 启动docker
-d 后台运行
-p 端口映射
-P 随机端口
-v 卷挂载
-e 环境配置
--name 容器的名字
# 启动容器之后,本地使用sqlyog来连接测试
# sqlyog--h -u -p 连接到服务其的3310 和容器内的3306映射,这个时候就可以连接上了
# 在本地测试创建一个数据库,查看映射路径是不是正常?
我们挂载到本地的文件是不会丢失的!!!
具名挂载和匿名挂载
# 匿名挂载
-v 容器内路径!
docker run -d -P --name nginx01 -v /etc/ngix nginx
# docker volume命令
root@curtis-Aspire-E5-471G:/home/curtis# docker volume --help
Usage: docker volume COMMAND
Manage volumes
Commands:
create Create a volume
inspect Display detailed information on one or more volumes
ls List volumes
prune Remove all unused local volumes
rm Remove one or more volumes
Run 'docker volume COMMAND --help' for more information on a command.
# 查看所有卷的情况
root@curtis-Aspire-E5-471G:/home/curtis# docker volume ls
DRIVER VOLUME NAME
local bc141a385fcb82d39ef0660e9dc8c46acb448904b9415da255c5fa775ff291cc
local de62ac8708c942df92e5988207e6a4ddaf2afb223d0899e03aef3d8aab45a68f
# 这里发现,这种就是匿名挂载,我们在-v 只写了容器内的路径,没有写容器外的路径
root@curtis-Aspire-E5-471G:/home/curtis# docker run -d -P --name nginx02 -v juming-nginx:/etc/nginx nginx
8eebc5db290246555144638cdbd5a97107df8a536c03b22555473df2731a6cd5
root@curtis-Aspire-E5-471G:/home/curtis#
root@curtis-Aspire-E5-471G:/home/curtis# docker volume ls
DRIVER VOLUME NAME
local bc141a385fcb82d39ef0660e9dc8c46acb448904b9415da255c5fa775ff291cc
local de62ac8708c942df92e5988207e6a4ddaf2afb223d0899e03aef3d8aab45a68f
local juming-nginx
root@curtis-Aspire-E5-471G:/home/curtis#
# 具名挂载,通过-v 卷名:容器内路径
# 查看一下这个卷
root@curtis-Aspire-E5-471G:/home/curtis# docker volume inspect juming-nginx
[
{
"CreatedAt": "2022-05-03T18:19:57+08:00",
"Driver": "local",
"Labels": null,
"Mountpoint": "/var/lib/docker/volumes/juming-nginx/_data",
"Name": "juming-nginx",
"Options": null,
"Scope": "local"
}
]
所有的docker容器内的卷,没有指定目录的情况下在/var/lib/docker/volumes/xxx
通过具名挂载可以方便找到挂载的卷,大多数情况下使用的是具名挂载!!!
# 如何确定是具名挂载还是匿名挂载,还是指定路径挂载!!
-v 容器内路径 # 匿名
-v 卷名:容器内路径 # 具名挂载
-v /宿主机路径:容器内路径 # 指定路径挂载!
拓展:
# 通过 -v 容器内路径:ro,rw 改变读写权限
ro readonly # 只读
rw read/write # 可读可写
# 一旦设置了容器权限,容器对我们挂载出来的内容就有限定了!
docker run -d -P --name nginx02 -v juming-nginx:/etc/nginx:ro nginx
docker run -d -P --name nginx02 -v juming-nginx:/etc/nginx:rw nginx
# ro 只要看到ro就说明这个路径只能通过宿主机来操作,容器无法操作
初识DokerFile
Dockerfile就是用来构建docker镜像的构建文件!命令脚本!先体验一下!!
通过这个脚本可以生成镜像,镜像是一层一层的,脚本一个个的命令,每个命令都是一层!
# 创建一个dockerfile,名字可以随机,建议Dockerfile
# 文件中的内容 指令(大写)参数
FROM centos
VOLUME ["volume01", "volume02"]
CMD echo "----end----"
CMD /bin/bash
# 这里的每个命令,就是镜像的一层
root@curtis-Aspire-E5-471G:/home/docker-test# docker build -f dockerfile1 -t curtis/centos:2.0 .
Sending build context to Docker daemon 2.048kB
Step 1/4 : FROM centos
---> 5d0da3dc9764
Step 2/4 : VOLUME ["volume01", "volume02"]
---> Running in a8193431146c
Removing intermediate container a8193431146c
---> 91db7fdc8e3b
Step 3/4 : CMD echo "----end----"
---> Running in dc62893fda7f
Removing intermediate container dc62893fda7f
---> d2bfeca0a935
Step 4/4 : CMD /bin/bash
---> Running in 80e9d19520c1
Removing intermediate container 80e9d19520c1
---> c74fceb52921
Successfully built c74fceb52921
Successfully tagged curtis/centos:2.0
root@curtis-Aspire-E5-471G:/home/docker-test# docker images
REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE
curtis/centos 2.0 c74fceb52921 9 seconds ago 231MB
tomcat02 1.0 aced601e8fbc 46 hours ago 684MB
mysql 5.7 8aa4b5ffb001 5 days ago 462MB
tomcat latest 0183eb12bb0c 7 days ago 680MB
nginx latest fa5269854a5e 13 days ago 142MB
centos latest 5d0da3dc9764 7 months ago 231MB
portainer/portainer latest 580c0e4e98b0 13 months ago 79.1MB
# 使用自己的镜像启动一个容器
root@curtis-Aspire-E5-471G:/home/docker-test# docker run -it c74fceb52921 /bin/bash
[root@6e39a8226904 /]# ls -alh
total 64K
drwxr-xr-x 1 root root 4.0K May 3 10:55 .
drwxr-xr-x 1 root root 4.0K May 3 10:55 ..
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 0 May 3 10:55 .dockerenv
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 7 Nov 3 2020 bin -> usr/bin
drwxr-xr-x 5 root root 360 May 3 10:55 dev
drwxr-xr-x 1 root root 4.0K May 3 10:55 etc
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4.0K Nov 3 2020 home
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 7 Nov 3 2020 lib -> usr/lib
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 9 Nov 3 2020 lib64 -> usr/lib64
drwx------ 2 root root 4.0K Sep 15 2021 lost+found
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4.0K Nov 3 2020 media
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4.0K Nov 3 2020 mnt
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4.0K Nov 3 2020 opt
dr-xr-xr-x 324 root root 0 May 3 10:55 proc
dr-xr-x--- 2 root root 4.0K Sep 15 2021 root
drwxr-xr-x 11 root root 4.0K Sep 15 2021 run
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 8 Nov 3 2020 sbin -> usr/sbin
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4.0K Nov 3 2020 srv
dr-xr-xr-x 13 root root 0 May 3 10:55 sys
drwxrwxrwt 7 root root 4.0K Sep 15 2021 tmp
drwxr-xr-x 12 root root 4.0K Sep 15 2021 usr
drwxr-xr-x 20 root root 4.0K Sep 15 2021 var
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4.0K May 3 10:55 volume01
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4.0K May 3 10:55 volume02
这个卷和外部有一个同步目录!!!!!
# 查看卷外部同步路径目录
root@curtis-Aspire-E5-471G:/home/curtis# docker inspect 6e39a8226904
"Mounts": [
{
"Type": "volume",
"Name": "0c5e6cf6f43a29c706f5c558eac26ecde9ce991e805b55749aab7c3d00b76a0b",
"Source": "/var/lib/docker/volumes/0c5e6cf6f43a29c706f5c558eac26ecde9ce991e805b55749aab7c3d00b76a0b/_data",
"Destination": "volume01",
"Driver": "local",
"Mode": "",
"RW": true,
"Propagation": ""
},
{
"Type": "volume",
"Name": "ea67e29ca6c130206979ec33d5db6965354892026a37fed910f53dd8c82ca88b",
"Source": "/var/lib/docker/volumes/ea67e29ca6c130206979ec33d5db6965354892026a37fed910f53dd8c82ca88b/_data",
"Destination": "volume02",
"Driver": "local",
"Mode": "",
"RW": true,
"Propagation": ""
}
],
这种方式未来会十分常用,因为我们通常会构建自己的镜像,!
假设构建镜像时候没有挂载卷,要自动挂载镜像 -v
数据卷容器
两个mysql同步数据
# 启动三个容器,通过自己写的镜像启动
# 启动一个镜像docker01
root@curtis-Aspire-E5-471G:/home/curtis# docker run -it --name docker01 curtis/centos:2.0
[root@66d3aec19435 /]# ls -alh
total 64K
drwxr-xr-x 1 root root 4.0K May 4 02:10 .
drwxr-xr-x 1 root root 4.0K May 4 02:10 ..
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 0 May 4 02:10 .dockerenv
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 7 Nov 3 2020 bin -> usr/bin
drwxr-xr-x 5 root root 360 May 4 02:10 dev
drwxr-xr-x 1 root root 4.0K May 4 02:10 etc
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4.0K Nov 3 2020 home
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 7 Nov 3 2020 lib -> usr/lib
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 9 Nov 3 2020 lib64 -> usr/lib64
drwx------ 2 root root 4.0K Sep 15 2021 lost+found
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4.0K Nov 3 2020 media
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4.0K Nov 3 2020 mnt
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4.0K Nov 3 2020 opt
dr-xr-xr-x 301 root root 0 May 4 02:10 proc
dr-xr-x--- 2 root root 4.0K Sep 15 2021 root
drwxr-xr-x 11 root root 4.0K Sep 15 2021 run
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 8 Nov 3 2020 sbin -> usr/sbin
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4.0K Nov 3 2020 srv
dr-xr-xr-x 13 root root 0 May 4 02:10 sys
drwxrwxrwt 7 root root 4.0K Sep 15 2021 tmp
drwxr-xr-x 12 root root 4.0K Sep 15 2021 usr
drwxr-xr-x 20 root root 4.0K Sep 15 2021 var
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4.0K May 4 02:10 volume01 <- 已经挂载的容器卷01
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4.0K May 4 02:10 volume02 <- 已经挂载的容器卷02
# docker02共享docker01的挂载卷
root@curtis-Aspire-E5-471G:/home/curtis# docker run -it --name docker02 --volumes-from docker01 curtis/centos:2.0
[root@f219c702690a /]# ls -alh
total 64K
drwxr-xr-x 1 root root 4.0K May 4 02:14 .
drwxr-xr-x 1 root root 4.0K May 4 02:14 ..
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 0 May 4 02:14 .dockerenv
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 7 Nov 3 2020 bin -> usr/bin
drwxr-xr-x 5 root root 360 May 4 02:14 dev
drwxr-xr-x 1 root root 4.0K May 4 02:14 etc
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4.0K Nov 3 2020 home
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 7 Nov 3 2020 lib -> usr/lib
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 9 Nov 3 2020 lib64 -> usr/lib64
drwx------ 2 root root 4.0K Sep 15 2021 lost+found
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4.0K Nov 3 2020 media
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4.0K Nov 3 2020 mnt
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4.0K Nov 3 2020 opt
dr-xr-xr-x 317 root root 0 May 4 02:14 proc
dr-xr-x--- 2 root root 4.0K Sep 15 2021 root
drwxr-xr-x 11 root root 4.0K Sep 15 2021 run
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 8 Nov 3 2020 sbin -> usr/sbin
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4.0K Nov 3 2020 srv
dr-xr-xr-x 13 root root 0 May 4 02:14 sys
drwxrwxrwt 7 root root 4.0K Sep 15 2021 tmp
drwxr-xr-x 12 root root 4.0K Sep 15 2021 usr
drwxr-xr-x 20 root root 4.0K Sep 15 2021 var
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4.0K May 4 02:10 volume01
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4.0K May 4 02:10 volume02
# 测试,删除docker01,查看docker02和docker03是否还可以访问这个文件
# 测试依旧可以访问
# 两个mysql之间进行数据共享
$ docker run -d -p 3310:3306 -v /etc/mysql/conf.d -v /var/lib/mysql -e MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD=123456 --name mysql01 mysql:5.7
$ docker run -d -p 3310:3306 -v /etc/mysql/conf.d -v /var/lib/mysql -e MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD=123456 --name mysql02 --volumes-from mysql01 mysql:5.7
# 这个时候可以实现数据的共享
结论:
容器之间配置信息的传递,数据卷容器的声明周期一直持续到没有容器使用为止。
但是一旦你持久化到了本地,这个时候,本地的数据是不会被删除的!
Dockerfile
dockerfile 是用来构建docker镜像的文件!命令参数脚本!!
构建步骤:
1、编写一个 dockerfile 文件
2、docker build 构建成为一个镜像
3、docker run 运行镜像
4、docker push到pub
很多官方的镜像都是基础包,很多功能没有,通常需要自己搭建镜像!!
官方既然可以制作镜像,我们也可以!!
Dockerfile构建过程
基础知识:
1、每个关键保留字(指令)都必须是大写字母
2、执行从上到下顺序执行
3、# 表示注释
4、每一个指令都会创建提交一个新的镜像层,并提交!!
dockerfile是面向开发的,发布项目,做镜像,需要编写dockerfile文件,编写简单!!
Docker 镜像逐渐成为企业交付的标准,必须要掌握!
步骤:开发,部署,运维
Dockerfile:构建文件,定义了一切步骤,源代码
Dockerimages:通过 Dockerfile 构建生成的镜像,最终发布和运行产品
Docker容器:容器就是镜像运行起来提供服务的
Dockerfile指令
FROM # 基础镜像 centos ubuntu,一切从这里开始构建
MAINTAINER # 镜像是谁写的,姓名 + 邮箱
RUN # 镜像构建时需要运行的命令
ADD # 步骤,tomacat镜像,tomcat压缩包,添加内容
WORKDIR # 镜像的工作目录 /
VOLUME # 挂载的目录
EXPOSE # 暴露端口配置 -p
CMD # 指定容器启动时候要运行的命令,只有最后一个生效,可被替代
ENTRYPOINT # 指定容器启动时候要运行的命令,可以追加命令
ONBUILD # 当构建一个被继承 dockefile 这个时候就会运行ONBUILD 指令,触发指令
COPY # 类似ADD命令,将文件拷贝到镜像中
ENV # 构建时设置环境变量
实战测试
Docker Hub 中 99% 镜像都是从最基础的镜像过来, FROM scratch,然后配置自己的东西!!
创建子自己的 centos ,由于Centos 8镜像源变化需要先配置镜像源
# 1、编写Dockerfilew文件
root@curtis-Aspire-E5-471G:/home/docker-test/dockerfile# cat dockerfile01
FROM lzmcentos
MAINTAINER curtis<111111@qq.com>
ENV MYPATH /usr/local
WORKDIR $MYPATH
RUN yum install -y vim
RUN yum install -y net-tools
EXPOSE 80
CMD echo $MYPATH
CMD echo "------end-------"
CMD /bin/bash
# 2、通过dockerfiel构建镜像文件
# 命令 docker build -f dockefile文件路径 -t 镜像名:版本号 .
root@curtis-Aspire-E5-471G:/home/docker-test/dockerfile# docker build -f dockerfile01 -t lzmcentos:2.0 .
...........
Removing intermediate container ab5de32d61d7
---> 9603eb29709d
Step 10/10 : CMD /bin/bash
---> Running in be1a3472c97d
Removing intermediate container be1a3472c97d
---> 8877bd6ce411
Successfully built 8877bd6ce411
Successfully tagged lzmcentos:2.0
# 查看新的centos镜像
root@curtis-Aspire-E5-471G:/home/docker-test/dockerfile# docker images
REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE
lzmcentos 2.0 8877bd6ce411 7 minutes ago 340MB
lzmcentos 1.0 b6e39e6eee18 12 minutes ago 259MB
# 3、测试运行,工作目录默认是/usr/local,可以使用vim 和 ifconfig 命令
root@curtis-Aspire-E5-471G:/home/docker-test/dockerfile# docker run -it lzmcentos:2.0
[root@59826dfb5942 local]# pwd
/usr/local
[root@59826dfb5942 local]# vim
[root@59826dfb5942 local]# ifconfig
eth0: flags=4163<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,MULTICAST> mtu 1500
inet 172.17.0.4 netmask 255.255.0.0 broadcast 172.17.255.255
ether 02:42:ac:11:00:04 txqueuelen 0 (Ethernet)
RX packets 23 bytes 2894 (2.8 KiB)
RX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 frame 0
TX packets 0 bytes 0 (0.0 B)
TX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 carrier 0 collisions 0
lo: flags=73<UP,LOOPBACK,RUNNING> mtu 65536
inet 127.0.0.1 netmask 255.0.0.0
loop txqueuelen 1000 (Local Loopback)
RX packets 0 bytes 0 (0.0 B)
RX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 frame 0
TX packets 0 bytes 0 (0.0 B)
TX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 carrier 0 collisions 0
查看镜像构建的历史过程 docker history
root@curtis-Aspire-E5-471G:/home/curtis# docker history 8877bd6ce411
IMAGE CREATED CREATED BY SIZE COMMENT
8877bd6ce411 12 minutes ago /bin/sh -c #(nop) CMD ["/bin/sh" "-c" "/bin… 0B
9603eb29709d 12 minutes ago /bin/sh -c #(nop) CMD ["/bin/sh" "-c" "echo… 0B
ed8bbad10f99 12 minutes ago /bin/sh -c #(nop) CMD ["/bin/sh" "-c" "echo… 0B
bc56ecb75a14 12 minutes ago /bin/sh -c #(nop) EXPOSE 80 0B
f91716c62cf7 12 minutes ago /bin/sh -c yum install -y net-tools 28.4MB
2fec6d637dcd 12 minutes ago /bin/sh -c yum install -y vim 53.2MB
7bd414cb5de1 13 minutes ago /bin/sh -c #(nop) WORKDIR /usr/local 0B
79e54fe8fb40 13 minutes ago /bin/sh -c #(nop) ENV MYPATH=/usr/local 0B
3c2d24f43b5e 13 minutes ago /bin/sh -c #(nop) MAINTAINER curtis<111111@… 0B
b6e39e6eee18 17 minutes ago /bin/bash 27.2MB “centos添加安装源”
5d0da3dc9764 7 months ago /bin/sh -c #(nop) CMD ["/bin/bash"] 0B
<missing> 7 months ago /bin/sh -c #(nop) LABEL org.label-schema.sc… 0B
<missing> 7 months ago /bin/sh -c #(nop) ADD file:805cb5e15fb6e0bb0… 231MB
拿到一个镜像,可以研究一下它是怎么做的!!!
root@curtis-Aspire-E5-471G:/home/curtis# docker history 0183eb12bb0c
IMAGE CREATED CREATED BY SIZE COMMENT
0183eb12bb0c 9 days ago /bin/sh -c #(nop) CMD ["catalina.sh" "run"] 0B
<missing> 9 days ago /bin/sh -c #(nop) EXPOSE 8080 0B
<missing> 9 days ago /bin/sh -c set -eux; nativeLines="$(catalin… 0B
<missing> 9 days ago /bin/sh -c set -eux; savedAptMark="$(apt-m… 20.2MB
<missing> 9 days ago /bin/sh -c #(nop) ENV TOMCAT_SHA512=53bfdba… 0B
<missing> 9 days ago /bin/sh -c #(nop) ENV TOMCAT_VERSION=10.0.20 0B
<missing> 9 days ago /bin/sh -c #(nop) ENV TOMCAT_MAJOR=10 0B
<missing> 9 days ago /bin/sh -c #(nop) ENV GPG_KEYS=A9C5DF4D22E9… 0B
<missing> 9 days ago /bin/sh -c #(nop) ENV LD_LIBRARY_PATH=/usr/… 0B
<missing> 9 days ago /bin/sh -c #(nop) ENV TOMCAT_NATIVE_LIBDIR=… 0B
<missing> 9 days ago /bin/sh -c #(nop) WORKDIR /usr/local/tomcat 0B
<missing> 9 days ago /bin/sh -c mkdir -p "$CATALINA_HOME" 0B
<missing> 9 days ago /bin/sh -c #(nop) ENV PATH=/usr/local/tomca… 0B
<missing> 9 days ago /bin/sh -c #(nop) ENV CATALINA_HOME=/usr/lo… 0B
<missing> 9 days ago /bin/sh -c #(nop) CMD ["jshell"] 0B
<missing> 9 days ago /bin/sh -c set -eux; arch="$(dpkg --print-… 343MB
<missing> 9 days ago /bin/sh -c #(nop) ENV JAVA_VERSION=11.0.15 0B
<missing> 2 weeks ago /bin/sh -c #(nop) ENV LANG=C.UTF-8 0B
<missing> 2 weeks ago /bin/sh -c #(nop) ENV PATH=/usr/local/openj… 0B
<missing> 2 weeks ago /bin/sh -c { echo '#/bin/sh'; echo 'echo "$J… 27B
<missing> 2 weeks ago /bin/sh -c #(nop) ENV JAVA_HOME=/usr/local/… 0B
<missing> 2 weeks ago /bin/sh -c set -eux; apt-get update; apt-g… 11.3MB
<missing> 2 weeks ago /bin/sh -c apt-get update && apt-get install… 152MB
<missing> 2 weeks ago /bin/sh -c set -ex; if ! command -v gpg > /… 19MB
<missing> 2 weeks ago /bin/sh -c set -eux; apt-get update; apt-g… 10.7MB
<missing> 2 weeks ago /bin/sh -c #(nop) CMD ["bash"] 0B
<missing> 2 weeks ago /bin/sh -c #(nop) ADD file:3a81c181c66f226bd… 124MB
CMD 和 ENTRYPOINT的区别
CMD # 指定容器启动时候要运行的命令,只有最后一个生效,可被替代
ENTRYPOINT # 指定容器启动时候要运行的命令,可以追加命令
测试CMD
FROM centos
CMD ["ls","-a"]
# 1、构建镜像
root@curtis-Aspire-E5-471G:/home/docker-test/dockerfile# docker build -f dockerfile-cmd-list -t cmdcentos:1.0 .
Sending build context to Docker daemon 3.072kB
Step 1/2 : FROM centos
---> 5d0da3dc9764
Step 2/2 : CMD ["ls","-a"]
---> Running in c9e0ac29dd62
Removing intermediate container c9e0ac29dd62
---> 483ff0bc9537
Successfully built 483ff0bc9537
Successfully tagged cmdcentos:1.0
# 2、启动运行,只有最后一个CMD会生效
root@curtis-Aspire-E5-471G:/home/docker-test/dockerfile# docker run 483ff0bc9537
.
..
.dockerenv
bin
dev
etc
home
lib
lib64
lost+found
media
mnt
opt
proc
root
run
sbin
srv
sys
tmp
usr
var
# 想要追加一个命令报错
root@curtis-Aspire-E5-471G:/home/docker-test/dockerfile# docker run 483ff0bc9537 -l
docker: Error response from daemon: failed to create shim: OCI runtime create failed: runc create failed: unable to start container process: exec: "-l": executable file not found in $PATH: unknown.
ERRO[0000] error waiting for container: context canceled
# cmd的情况下 -l 替换了CMD ["ls","-a"]命令, —l不是命令,所以报错
docerfile-cmd-entrypoind
FROM cnetos
ENTRYPOINT ["ls","-a"]
root@curtis-Aspire-E5-471G:/home/docker-test/dockerfile# docker build -f dockerfile-cmd-entrypoint -t cmdcentos:1.0 .
Sending build context to Docker daemon 4.096kB
Step 1/2 : FROM centos
---> 5d0da3dc9764
Step 2/2 : ENTRYPOINT ["ls","-a"]
---> Running in 52abd61adc47
Removing intermediate container 52abd61adc47
---> a33938b504d7
Successfully built a33938b504d7
Successfully tagged cmdcentos:1.0
root@curtis-Aspire-E5-471G:/home/docker-test/dockerfile# docker run -it a33938b504d7
. .dockerenv dev home lib64 media opt root sbin sys usr
.. bin etc lib lost+found mnt proc run srv tmp var
# 追加命令直接追加在entrypoint的命令后面
root@curtis-Aspire-E5-471G:/home/docker-test/dockerfile# docker run -it a33938b504d7 -l
total 56
drwxr-xr-x 1 root root 4096 May 5 14:31 .
drwxr-xr-x 1 root root 4096 May 5 14:31 ..
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 0 May 5 14:31 .dockerenv
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 7 Nov 3 2020 bin -> usr/bin
drwxr-xr-x 5 root root 360 May 5 14:31 dev
drwxr-xr-x 1 root root 4096 May 5 14:31 etc
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 Nov 3 2020 home
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 7 Nov 3 2020 lib -> usr/lib
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 9 Nov 3 2020 lib64 -> usr/lib64
drwx------ 2 root root 4096 Sep 15 2021 lost+found
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 Nov 3 2020 media
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 Nov 3 2020 mnt
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 Nov 3 2020 opt
dr-xr-xr-x 377 root root 0 May 5 14:31 proc
dr-xr-x--- 2 root root 4096 Sep 15 2021 root
drwxr-xr-x 11 root root 4096 Sep 15 2021 run
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 8 Nov 3 2020 sbin -> usr/sbin
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 Nov 3 2020 srv
dr-xr-xr-x 13 root root 0 May 5 14:31 sys
drwxrwxrwt 7 root root 4096 Sep 15 2021 tmp
drwxr-xr-x 12 root root 4096 Sep 15 2021 usr
drwxr-xr-x 20 root root 4096 Sep 15 2021 var
Docker命令都十分的相似,要了解他们的区别,对比测试效果!!!
实战:Tomcat镜像
1、准备镜像 tomcat,apache镜像
Docker网络
理解Docker0
root@curtis-Aspire-E5-471G:/home/curtis# ip addr
# 本机回环网络
1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN group default qlen 1000
link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
inet6 ::1/128 scope host
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
# 物理网卡
2: enp4s0: <NO-CARRIER,BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP> mtu 1500 qdisc fq_codel state DOWN group default qlen 1000
link/ether c4:54:44:89:f0:82 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
# 无线网卡
3: wlp5s0: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc noqueue state UP group default qlen 1000
link/ether 90:48:9a:d9:9a:2d brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
inet 192.168.0.104/24 brd 192.168.0.255 scope global dynamic noprefixroute wlp5s0
valid_lft 6177sec preferred_lft 6177sec
inet6 fe80::78e3:ffac:60cb:2bc5/64 scope link noprefixroute
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
# docker网络
4: docker0: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc noqueue state UP group default
link/ether 02:42:2b:a2:88:cb brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
inet 172.17.0.1/16 brd 172.17.255.255 scope global docker0
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
inet6 fe80::42:2bff:fea2:88cb/64 scope link
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
三个网络
# 问题,docker 是如何处理容器网络访问!!
root@curtis-Aspire-E5-471G:/home/curtis# docker run -it --name lzmcentos lzmcentos:2.0
# 查看容器内部网络地址,发现容器启动会得到一个 eth0@if50 ip地址,docker分配
[root@1a700c1c34a1 local]# ip addr
1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN group default qlen 1000
link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
49: eth0@if50: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc noqueue state UP group default
link/ether 02:42:ac:11:00:03 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff link-netnsid 0
inet 172.17.0.3/16 brd 172.17.255.255 scope global eth0
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
# 思考,linux 能不能 ping 通容器内部!
root@curtis-Aspire-E5-471G:/home/curtis# ping 172.17.0.3
PING 172.17.0.3 (172.17.0.3) 56(84) bytes of data.
64 bytes from 172.17.0.3: icmp_seq=1 ttl=64 time=0.082 ms
64 bytes from 172.17.0.3: icmp_seq=2 ttl=64 time=0.084 ms
64 bytes from 172.17.0.3: icmp_seq=3 ttl=64 time=0.084 ms
# linux 可以ping通docker 容器内部
原理
192.168.0.1 路由器
192.168.0.2 手机连接 -> 在同一个网段
1、每启动一个docker容器,docker就会给docker容器分配一个ip,只要安装了docker,就会有一个网卡docker0
桥接模式,使用的技术是 evth-pair技术!!
# host 再次查看网卡信息
root@curtis-Aspire-E5-471G:/home/curtis# ip addr
1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN group default qlen 1000
link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
inet6 ::1/128 scope host
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
2: enp4s0: <NO-CARRIER,BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP> mtu 1500 qdisc fq_codel state DOWN group default qlen 1000
link/ether c4:54:44:89:f0:82 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
3: wlp5s0: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc noqueue state UP group default qlen 1000
link/ether 90:48:9a:d9:9a:2d brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
inet 192.168.0.104/24 brd 192.168.0.255 scope global dynamic noprefixroute wlp5s0
valid_lft 4289sec preferred_lft 4289sec
inet6 fe80::78e3:ffac:60cb:2bc5/64 scope link noprefixroute
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
4: docker0: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc noqueue state UP group default
link/ether 02:42:2b:a2:88:cb brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
inet 172.17.0.1/16 brd 172.17.255.255 scope global docker0
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
inet6 fe80::42:2bff:fea2:88cb/64 scope link
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
50: veth946e6d6@if49: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc noqueue master docker0 state UP group default
link/ether 2a:29:69:1a:44:e8 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff link-netnsid 1
inet6 fe80::2829:69ff:fe1a:44e8/64 scope link
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
2、再启动个centos容器进行测试,发现又多了一对网卡
root@curtis-Aspire-E5-471G:/home/curtis# ip addr
1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN group default qlen 1000
link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
inet6 ::1/128 scope host
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
2: enp4s0: <NO-CARRIER,BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP> mtu 1500 qdisc fq_codel state DOWN group default qlen 1000
link/ether c4:54:44:89:f0:82 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
3: wlp5s0: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc noqueue state UP group default qlen 1000
link/ether 90:48:9a:d9:9a:2d brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
inet 192.168.0.104/24 brd 192.168.0.255 scope global dynamic noprefixroute wlp5s0
valid_lft 4101sec preferred_lft 4101sec
inet6 fe80::78e3:ffac:60cb:2bc5/64 scope link noprefixroute
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
4: docker0: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc noqueue state UP group default
link/ether 02:42:2b:a2:88:cb brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
inet 172.17.0.1/16 brd 172.17.255.255 scope global docker0
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
inet6 fe80::42:2bff:fea2:88cb/64 scope link
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
50: veth946e6d6@if49: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc noqueue master docker0 state UP group default
link/ether 2a:29:69:1a:44:e8 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff link-netnsid 1
inet6 fe80::2829:69ff:fe1a:44e8/64 scope link
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
52: veth14c1a5e@if51: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc noqueue master docker0 state UP group default
link/ether 8e:b7:c7:47:83:80 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff link-netnsid 0
inet6 fe80::8cb7:c7ff:fe47:8380/64 scope link
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
容器带来的网卡,是一对一对的,evth-pair 就是一对的虚拟设备接口,成对出现,一端连着协议,一端彼此相连,evth-pair 充当一个桥梁,连接各种虚拟网络设备,OpenStack,Docker 容器之间的连接,OVS的连接,都是使用 evth-pair 技术。
3、lzmcentos 和 lzmcentos01是可以相互ping通!
容器和容器之间是可以相互 ping通
结论:tomcat01 和 tomcat02 是共用的一个路由器,docker0。
所有容器不指定网络的情况下,都是 docker0 路由的,docker 会给容器分配一个默认可以IP
255.255.0.1/16 -> 16 -> 表示域 ,它的值可以是 16 / 24
00000000.00000000.00000000.00000000
255.255.255.255
小结
Docker是通过网络桥接的方式连接,宿主机中是一个docker容器的网桥docker0。
Docker 中的所有的网络接口都是虚拟的,虚拟的转发效率高!(内网传输文件)
只要容器删除,对应网桥就没了。
编写一个微服务,database url=ip:,项目不重启,数据库ip换掉了,可以通过名字来访问容器?
mysql ip -> 通过服务名来ping通
# 直接 ping 容器名是Ping不通
[root@1a700c1c34a1 local]# ping lzmcentos01
ping: lzmcentos01: Name or service not known
# 如何可以解决呢?-> 直接通过容器名来Ping,通过--link的方式
root@curtis-Aspire-E5-471G:/home/curtis# docker run -it --name lzmcentos02 --link lzmcentos01 lzmcentos:2.0
[root@73089af76381 local]# ping lzmcentos01
PING lzmcentos01 (172.17.0.2) 56(84) bytes of data.
64 bytes from lzmcentos01 (172.17.0.2): icmp_seq=1 ttl=64 time=0.260 ms
64 bytes from lzmcentos01 (172.17.0.2): icmp_seq=2 ttl=64 time=0.108 ms
DockeD
企业实战
Docker Compose
Docker Swarm
CI/CD jenkens
ink
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
52: veth14c1a5e@if51: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc noqueue master docker0 state UP group default
link/ether 8e:b7:c7:47:83:80 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff link-netnsid 0
inet6 fe80::8cb7:c7ff:fe47:8380/64 scope link
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
容器带来的网卡,是一对一对的,evth-pair 就是一对的虚拟设备接口,成对出现,一端连着协议,一端彼此相连,evth-pair 充当一个桥梁,连接各种虚拟网络设备,OpenStack,Docker 容器之间的连接,OVS的连接,都是使用 evth-pair 技术。
3、lzmcentos 和 lzmcentos01是可以相互ping通!
> 容器和容器之间是可以相互 ping通
结论:tomcat01 和 tomcat02 是共用的一个路由器,docker0。
所有容器不指定网络的情况下,都是 docker0 路由的,docker 会给容器分配一个默认可以IP
255.255.0.1/16 -> 16 -> 表示域 ,它的值可以是 16 / 24
00000000.00000000.00000000.00000000
255.255.255.255
> 小结
Docker是通过网络桥接的方式连接,宿主机中是一个docker容器的网桥docker0。
Docker 中的所有的网络接口都是虚拟的,虚拟的转发效率高!(内网传输文件)
只要容器删除,对应网桥就没了。
> 编写一个微服务,database url=ip:,项目不重启,数据库ip换掉了,可以通过名字来访问容器?
mysql ip -> 通过服务名来ping通
```bash
# 直接 ping 容器名是Ping不通
[root@1a700c1c34a1 local]# ping lzmcentos01
ping: lzmcentos01: Name or service not known
# 如何可以解决呢?-> 直接通过容器名来Ping,通过--link的方式
root@curtis-Aspire-E5-471G:/home/curtis# docker run -it --name lzmcentos02 --link lzmcentos01 lzmcentos:2.0
[root@73089af76381 local]# ping lzmcentos01
PING lzmcentos01 (172.17.0.2) 56(84) bytes of data.
64 bytes from lzmcentos01 (172.17.0.2): icmp_seq=1 ttl=64 time=0.260 ms
64 bytes from lzmcentos01 (172.17.0.2): icmp_seq=2 ttl=64 time=0.108 ms
DockeD
企业实战
Docker Compose
Docker Swarm
CI/CD jenkens