Linux 软raid auto-detect

一、初探

Boot time assembly of RAID arrays
---------------------------------

Tools that manage md devices can be found at
   http://www.kernel.org/pub/linux/utils/raid/


You can boot with your md device with the following kernel command
lines:

for old raid arrays without persistent superblocks::

  md=<md device no.>,<raid level>,<chunk size factor>,<fault level>,dev0,dev1,...,devn

for raid arrays with persistent superblocks::

  md=<md device no.>,dev0,dev1,...,devn

or, to assemble a partitionable array::

  md=d<md device no.>,dev0,dev1,...,devn

``md device no.``
+++++++++++++++++

The number of the md device

================= =========
``md device no.`` device
================= =========
              0		md0
	      1		md1
	      2		md2
	      3		md3
	      4		md4
================= =========

``raid level``
++++++++++++++

level of the RAID array

=============== =============
``raid level``  level
=============== =============
-1		linear mode
0		striped mode
=============== =============

other modes are only supported with persistent super blocks

``chunk size factor``
+++++++++++++++++++++

(raid-0 and raid-1 only)

Set  the chunk size as 4k << n.

``fault level``
+++++++++++++++

Totally ignored

``dev0`` to ``devn``
++++++++++++++++++++

e.g. ``/dev/hda1``, ``/dev/hdc1``, ``/dev/sda1``, ``/dev/sdb1``

A possible loadlin line (Harald Hoyer <HarryH@Royal.Net>)  looks like this::

	e:\loadlin\loadlin e:\zimage root=/dev/md0 md=0,0,4,0,/dev/hdb2,/dev/hdc3 ro


Boot time autodetection of RAID arrays
--------------------------------------

When md is compiled into the kernel (not as module), partitions(分区) of
type 0xfd are scanned and automatically assembled into RAID arrays.
This autodetection may be suppressed(压制) with the kernel parameter
``raid=noautodetect``.  As of kernel 2.6.9, only drives with a type 0
superblock can be autodetected and run at boot time.

The kernel parameter ``raid=partitionable`` (or ``raid=part``) means
that all auto-detected arrays are assembled as partitionable(可分区的).

Boot time assembly of degraded/dirty arrays
-------------------------------------------

If a raid5 or raid6 array is both dirty and degraded, it could have
undetectable data corruption.  This is because the fact that it is
``dirty`` means that the parity cannot be trusted, and the fact that it
is degraded means that some datablocks are missing and cannot reliably
be reconstructed (due to no parity).

For this reason, md will normally refuse to start such an array.  This
requires the sysadmin to take action to explicitly start the array
despite possible corruption.  This is normally done with::

   mdadm --assemble --force ....

This option is not really available if the array has the root
filesystem on it.  In order to support this booting from such an
array, md supports a module parameter ``start_dirty_degraded`` which,
when set to 1, bypassed the checks and will allows dirty degraded
arrays to be started.

So, to boot with a root filesystem of a dirty degraded raid 5 or 6, use::

   md-mod.start_dirty_degraded=1

Documentation/admin-guide/md.rst

从上述描述来看，只有分区类型为0xfd且超级块类型为0.0的分区才能被自动探测并组装成raid，那如何修改分区type？

答：fdisk命令可以修改分区Id。

curtis # fdisk /dev/sdb

Command (m for help): m
Command action
   a   toggle a bootable flag
   b   edit bsd disklabel
   c   toggle the dos compatibility flag
   d   delete a partition
   l   list known partition types
   m   print this menu
   n   add a new partition
   o   create a new empty DOS partition table
   p   print the partition table
   q   quit without saving changes
   s   create a new empty Sun disklabel
   t   change a partition's system id   <-- 这个选项。
   u   change display/entry units
   v   verify the partition table
   w   write table to disk and exit
   x   extra functionality (experts only)

Command (m for help): t
Selected partition 1
Hex code (type L to list codes): f