线程创建与销毁
pthread_create()创建线程
pthread_self()获取当前线程自身的ID
pthread_equal()比较两个线程ID
pthread_join()一个线程等待另一个线程结束,通常结合pthread_create()一起使用
pthread_exit()线程退出
线程同步
互斥与自旋:
互斥特点:
等时时间片让给其他线程。
自旋特点:
最多只能被一个可执行线程持有。
等时自旋等待。
适用:保持锁时间短的情况
读写锁:
读时,可读不可写。写时,不可读不可写。
适用对数据结构进行读的次数比写的次数多的情
况。
自旋等待。
互斥锁
int pthread_mutex_init(pthread_mutex_t *restrict mutex, const pthread_mutexattr_t *restrict attr);
//初始化锁
int pthread_mutex_lock(pthread_mutex_t *mutex);//阻塞加锁
int pthread_mutex_unlock(pthread_mutex_t *mutex);//解锁
int pthread_mutex_destroy(pthread_mutex_t *mutex);//销毁互斥锁
读写锁
读写锁初始化和销毁
int pthread_rwlock_init(pthread_rwlock_t *restrict rwlock, const pthread_rwlockattr_t *restrict attr);
int pthread_rwlock_destroy(pthread_rwlock_t *rwlock);
加锁和解锁
int pthread_rwlock_rdlock(pthread_rwlock_t *rwlock);
int pthread_rwlock_wrlock(pthread_rwlock_t *rwlock);
int pthread_rwlock_unlock(pthread_rwlock_t *rwlock);
自旋锁
spin_lock(&mr_lock);
spin_unlock(&mr_lock);
条件变量
等待“条件变量的条件成立”而阻塞
intpthread_cond_wait(pthread_cond_t*cond, pthread_mutex_t*mutex);
另一个线程使"条件成立"
intpthread_cond_signal(pthread_cond_t*cond);
调用方法:
#include <unistd.h>
#include <pthread.h>
#include <semaphore.h>
ret_thrd1=pthread_create(&thread1,NULL,(void *)&print_message_function,(void *)message1);
tmp1=pthread_join(thread1,&retval);
pthread_exit("success");
信号量:
sem_t sem;
res = sem_init(&sem, 0, 0); //初始化为0
sem_wait(&sem); //--
sem_post(&sem); //++
sem_destroy(&sem);
互斥量:
pthread_mutex_t mutex;
pthread_mutex_init(&mutex, NULL);
pthread_mutex_lock(&mutex)
pthread_mutex_unlock(&mutex);
pthread_mutex_destroy(&mutex);
自旋锁:
spinlock_t spinlock;
int spin_init(&spinlock,);
int spin_lock(&spinlock);
//int pthread_spin_trylock(&spinlock);
int unlock(&spinlock);
int destroy(&spinlock);
读写锁:
pthread_rwlock_t rwlock;
pthread_rwlock_init(&rwlock,NULL);
pthread_rwlock_wrlock(&rwlock);
pthread_rwlock_rdlock(&rwlock);
pthread_rwlock_unlock(&rwlock);
pthread_rwlock_destroy(&rwlock);