hibernate简介
1、ORM框架/持久层框架 jdbc的一个框架
3、通过管理对象来改变数据库中的数据
4、通过管理对象来操作数据库
5、跨数据库的无缝移植(就是可以直接换数据库比如原先项目用的是mySql后面项目转Oracle不需要改任何代码)
6、不需要写sql语句,这是一个优势同时也成为hibernate被淘汰的原因就是应为sql语句都是hibernate自动生成的所有导致了它丧失了灵活性
CURD 操作教程
导入maven依赖
<dependency>
<groupId>org.hibernate</groupId>
<artifactId>hibernate-core</artifactId>
<version>5.3.0.Final</version>
</dependency>
写配置文件
在resources文件夹下新建hibernate.cfg.xml
内容如下
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE hibernate-configuration PUBLIC
"-//Hibernate/Hibernate Configuration DTD 3.0//EN"
"http://www.hibernate.org/dtd/hibernate-configuration-3.0.dtd">
<hibernate-configuration>
<session-factory>
<!-- 1. 数据库相关配置 -->
<!-- 用户名 -->
<property name="connection.username">root</property>
<!-- 密码 -->
<property name="connection.password">root</property>
<!-- 连接字符串 -->
<property name="connection.url">jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/cpc?useUnicode=true&characterEncoding=UTF-8
</property>
<!-- 数据库要加载驱动对应的全限定名 -->
<property name="connection.driver_class">com.mysql.jdbc.Driver</property>
<!-- 指定我要使用那个数据库的sql语句 -->
<property name="dialect">org.hibernate.dialect.MySQLDialect</property>
<!-- 配置本地事务(No CurrentSessionContext configured!) -->
<property name="hibernate.current_session_context_class">thread</property>
<!-- 2. 调试相关 -->
<!-- 输出sql语句 是否显示数据库语句在项目部署后要设置为fals提高 项目运行效率-->
<property name="show_sql">true</property>
<!-- 格式化sql语句 -->
<property name="format_sql">true</property>
<!-- 3. 添加实体映射文件 -->
<mapping resource="com/cpc/one/entity/User.hbm.xml" />
</session-factory>
</hibernate-configuration>
实体类对象
public class User {
private Integer id;
private String realName;
private String userName;
private String userPwd;
private String sex;
private Date birthday;
private Timestamp createDatetime;
private String remark;
public User() {
super();
}
@Override
public String toString() {
return "User [id=" + id + ", realName=" + realName + ", userName=" + userName + ", userPwd=" + userPwd
+ ", sex=" + sex + ", birthday=" + birthday + ", createDatetime=" + createDatetime + ", remark="
+ remark + "]";
}
public User(Integer id, String realName, String userName, String userPwd, String sex, Date birthay,
Timestamp createDatetime, String remark) {
super();
this.id = id;
this.realName = realName;
this.userName = userName;
this.userPwd = userPwd;
this.sex = sex;
this.birthday = birthay;
this.createDatetime = createDatetime;
this.remark = remark;
}
public Date getBirthday() {
return birthday;
}
public void setBirthday(Date birthday) {
this.birthday = birthday;
}
public Integer getId() {
return id;
}
public void setId(Integer id) {
this.id = id;
}
public String getRealName() {
return realName;
}
public void setRealName(String realName) {
this.realName = realName;
}
public String getUserName() {
return userName;
}
public void setUserName(String userName) {
this.userName = userName;
}
public String getUserPwd() {
return userPwd;
}
public void setUserPwd(String userPwd) {
this.userPwd = userPwd;
}
public String getSex() {
return sex;
}
public void setSex(String sex) {
this.sex = sex;
}
public Timestamp getCreateDatetime() {
return createDatetime;
}
public void setCreateDatetime(Timestamp createDatetime) {
this.createDatetime = createDatetime;
}
public String getRemark() {
return remark;
}
public void setRemark(String remark) {
this.remark = remark;
}
}
实体类对象对应的配置文件
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE hibernate-mapping PUBLIC
"-//Hibernate/Hibernate Mapping DTD 3.0//EN"
"http://www.hibernate.org/dtd/hibernate-mapping-3.0.dtd">
<hibernate-mapping>
<!--
class标签:
name:对应映射类的全路径限定名
table:这个实体类对应数据库中的表
id标签: 这是配置表中的组件
name:对应实体类的属性名
type:实体类属性的类型
column:数据库对应的列段名
property标签:去配置主键以外的类属性映射关系
name:对应实体类的属性名
type:实体类属性的类型
column:数据库对应的列段名
insert="false" update="false" :只做查询使用不做跟新使用
-->
<class name="com.cpc.one.entity.User" table="t_hibernate_user">
<id name="id" type="java.lang.Integer" column="id">
<generator class="increment" />
</id>
<property name="userName" type="java.lang.String" column="user_name">
</property>
<property name="userPwd" type="java.lang.String" column="user_pwd">
</property>
<property name="realName" type="java.lang.String" column="real_name">
</property>
<property name="sex" type="java.lang.String" column="sex">
</property>
<property name="birthday" type="java.sql.Date" column="birthday">
</property>
<property insert="false" update="false" name="createDatetime"
type="java.sql.Timestamp" column="create_datetime">
</property>
<property name="remark" type="java.lang.String" column="remark">
</property>
</class>
</hibernate-mapping>
新增操作
Configuration configuration = new Configuration().configure("/hibernate.cfg.xml");
SessionFactory sessionFactory = configuration.buildSessionFactory();
//会话,此会是指表操作数据库连接
Session session = sessionFactory.openSession();
Transaction transaction = session.beginTransaction();
session.save(new User(null, "hh", "hh", "123", "妖怪", new Date(System.currentTimeMillis()), new Timestamp(System.currentTimeMillis()), "酒桶"));
//提交事务 (不提交事务更新无效)
transaction.commit();
session.close();
删除操作
Configuration configuration = new Configuration().configure("/hibernate.cfg.xml");
SessionFactory sessionFactory = configuration.buildSessionFactory();
//会话,此会是指表操作数据库连接
Session session = sessionFactory.openSession();
Transaction transaction = session.beginTransaction();
User user = new User();
//删除数据库id为1的那个数据
user.setId(1);
session.delete(user);
//提交事务
transaction.commit();
session.close();
修改操作
Configuration configuration = new Configuration().configure("/hibernate.cfg.xml");
SessionFactory sessionFactory = configuration.buildSessionFactory();
//会话,此会是指表操作数据库连接
Session session = sessionFactory.openSession();
Transaction transaction = session.beginTransaction();
//根据主键获取user对象
User user = session.get(User.class, 3);
//将realName修改
user.setRealName("修改后的RealName");
//提交事务
transaction.commit();
session.close();
查询操作
Configuration configuration = new Configuration().configure("/hibernate.cfg.xml");
SessionFactory sessionFactory = configuration.buildSessionFactory();
//数据库会话对象
Session session = sessionFactory.openSession();
//查询User对应对应表的数据 (User 后面可以接where条件)
List list = session.createQuery("from User").list();
for (Object object : list) {
System.out.println(object);
}
session.close();
hibernate管理对象的三种状态
通过上面修改的代码来讲究:
//根据主键获取user对象
User user = session.get(User.class, 3);
//将realName修改
user.setRealName("修改后的RealName");
为啥我们修改user这个实体类的realName列段后数据库也会相应发生变化。就是因为通过session.get(User.class, 3);
获取的对象状态是持久状态,持久状态在Hibernate的监视之下。如果我们对持久状态修修改操作那么数据也会同步到数据库中去(注意一定要提交事务)。
下图详细展示了状态间的相互转换: