python 学习爬取哔哩哔哩今日热门的前100个视频

代码实现

我们通过上面的尝试写了段代码，发现 B 站在一定程度上做了反爬虫操作，所以我们需要先获取 headers 信息，否则下载下来的视频是空的，然后定义 params 参数存储 JSON 数据，然后通过 requests.get 去获取其参数值信息，用 JSON 的格式返回到目标网页即可，实现代码如下：

def get_json(url):
    headers = {
        'User-Agent': 
        'Mozilla/5.0 (X11; Linux x86_64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/69.0.3497.100 Safari/537.36'
    }

    params = {
        'page_size': 10,
        'next_offset': str(num),
        'tag': '今日热门',
        'platform': 'pc'
    }

    try:
        html = requests.get(url,params=params,headers=headers)
        return html.json()

    except BaseException:
        print('request error')
        pass

为了能够清楚的看到我们下载的情况，折腾了一个下载器上去，实现代码如下：

def download(url,path):
    start = time.time() # 开始时间
    size = 0
    headers = {
        'User-Agent': 
        'Mozilla/5.0 (X11; Linux x86_64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/69.0.3497.100 Safari/537.36'
    }

    response = requests.get(url,headers=headers,stream=True) # stream属性必须带上
    chunk_size = 1024 # 每次下载的数据大小
    content_size = int(response.headers['content-length']) # 总大小
    if response.status_code == 200:
        print('[文件大小]:%0.2f MB' %(content_size / chunk_size / 1024)) # 换算单位
        with open(path,'wb') as file:
            for data in response.iter_content(chunk_size=chunk_size):
                file.write(data)
                size += len(data) # 已下载的文件大小

效果如下：

 

将上面的代码进行汇总，整个实现过程如下：

#!/usr/bin/env python
#-*-coding:utf-8-*-
import requests
import random
import time
def get_json(url):
    headers = {
        'User-Agent': 
        'Mozilla/5.0 (X11; Linux x86_64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/69.0.3497.100 Safari/537.36'
    }

    params = {
        'page_size': 10,
        'next_offset': str(num),
        'tag': '今日热门',
        'platform': 'pc'
    }

    try:
        html = requests.get(url,params=params,headers=headers)
        return html.json()

    except BaseException:
        print('request error')
        pass

def download(url,path):
    start = time.time() # 开始时间
    size = 0
    headers = {
        'User-Agent': 
        'Mozilla/5.0 (X11; Linux x86_64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/69.0.3497.100 Safari/537.36'
    }

    response = requests.get(url,headers=headers,stream=True) # stream属性必须带上
    chunk_size = 1024 # 每次下载的数据大小
    content_size = int(response.headers['content-length']) # 总大小
    if response.status_code == 200:
        print('[文件大小]:%0.2f MB' %(content_size / chunk_size / 1024)) # 换算单位
        with open(path,'wb') as file:
            for data in response.iter_content(chunk_size=chunk_size):
                file.write(data)
                size += len(data) # 已下载的文件大小

    

if __name__ == '__main__':
    for i in range(10):
        url = 'http://api.vc.bilibili.com/board/v1/ranking/top?'
        num = i*10 + 1
        html = get_json(url)
        infos = html['data']['items']
        for info in infos:
            title = info['item']['description'] # 小视频的标题
            video_url = info['item']['video_playurl'] # 小视频的下载链接
            print(title)

            # 为了防止有些视频没有提供下载链接的情况
            try:
                download(video_url,path='%s.mp4' %title)
                print('成功下载一个!')
                
            except BaseException:
                print('凉凉,下载失败')
                pass

        time.sleep(int(format(random.randint(2,8)))) # 设置随机等待时间

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