mysql主从复制

mysql主从复制 灵活
一主一从
主主复制
一主多从—扩展系统读取的性能，因为读是在从库读取的；
多主一从—5.7开始支持
联级复制—

用途及条件

mysql主从复制用途
实时灾备，用于故障切换
读写分离，提供查询服务
备份，避免影响业务
主从部署必要条件：
主库开启binlog日志（设置log-bin参数）
主从server-id不同
从库服务器能连通主库

主从原理

从库生成两个线程，一个I/O线程，一个SQL线程；
i/o线程去请求主库 的binlog，并将得到的binlog日志写到relay log（中继日志） 文件中；
主库会生成一个 log dump 线程，用来给从库 i/o线程传binlog；
SQL 线程，会读取relay log文件中的日志，并解析成具体操作，来实现主从的操作一致，而最终数据一致；

问题及解决方法

mysql主从复制存在的问题：
主库宕机后，数据可能丢失
从库只有一个sql Thread，主库写压力大，复制很可能延时
解决方法：
半同步复制—解决数据丢失的问题
并行复制----解决从库复制延迟的问题

配置

角色	版本	ip
master主	rhel7.0	192.168.118.112
master备	rhel7.4	192.168.118.222

安装（两台服务器的安装是一样的）
#先关闭防火墙和selinux

yum -y install mariadb mariadb-server
#启动
systemctl restart mariadb
#改密码为123
mysqladmin -uroot password 123
#进入数据库
mysql -uroot -p123

主服务器配置
创建用户授权

MariaDB [(none)]> create user 'xsb'@'192.168.118.%' identified by '123456';
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

MariaDB [(none)]> grant replication slave on *.* to 'xsb'@'192.168.118.%';
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

MariaDB [(none)]> flush privileges;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

修改配置文件

[root@mysql ~]# vim /etc/my.cnf

[mysqld]
datadir=/var/lib/mysql
socket=/var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock
symbolic-links=0
log-bin=mysql-bin     #启用binlog日志
server-id=1     #数据库服务器唯一标识符，主库的server-id的值必须比从库的小

[mysqld_safe]
log-error=/var/log/mariadb/mariadb.log
pid-file=/var/run/mariadb/mariadb.pid

重启服务，查看主库状态

[root@mysql ~]# systemctl restart mariadb
MariaDB [(none)]> show master status;
+------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+
| File             | Position | Binlog_Do_DB | Binlog_Ignore_DB |
+------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+
| mysql-bin.000001 |      245 |              |                  |
+------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

修改从库的配置文件

[root@localhost ~]# vim /etc/my.cnf

[mysqld]
datadir=/var/lib/mysql
socket=/var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock
symbolic-links=0
relay-log=mysql-relay-bin     #启用中继日志relay-log
server-id=2       #设置从库的唯一标识符，从库的值大于主库的值

[mysqld_safe]
log-error=/var/log/mariadb/mariadb.log
pid-file=/var/run/mariadb/mariadb.pid
!includedir /etc/my.cnf.d

重启从服务器

[root@localhost ~]# systemctl start mariadb

[root@localhost ~]# mysql -uroot -p123
Welcome to the MariaDB monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MariaDB connection id is 2
Server version: 5.5.60-MariaDB MariaDB Server

Copyright (c) 2000, 2018, Oracle, MariaDB Corporation Ab and others.

Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.

#配置并启动主从复制
MariaDB [(none)]> change master to
    -> master_host='192.168.118.112',
    -> master_user='xsb',
    -> master_password='123456',
    -> master_log_file='mysql-bin.000001',
    -> master_log_pos=245;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)

MariaDB [(none)]> start slave;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

#查看服务器状态
MariaDB [(none)]> show slave status\G
*************************** 1. row ***************************
               Slave_IO_State: Waiting for master to send event
                  Master_Host: 192.168.118.112
                  Master_User: xsb
                  Master_Port: 3306
                Connect_Retry: 60
              Master_Log_File: mysql-bin.000001
          Read_Master_Log_Pos: 245
               Relay_Log_File: mysql-relay-bin.000002
                Relay_Log_Pos: 529
        Relay_Master_Log_File: mysql-bin.000001
             Slave_IO_Running: Yes       #此处必须为yes
            Slave_SQL_Running: Yes     #此处必须为yes
              Replicate_Do_DB: 
          Replicate_Ignore_DB: 
           Replicate_Do_Table: 
       Replicate_Ignore_Table: 
      Replicate_Wild_Do_Table: 
  Replicate_Wild_Ignore_Table: 
                   Last_Errno: 0
                   Last_Error: 
                 Skip_Counter: 0
          Exec_Master_Log_Pos: 245
              Relay_Log_Space: 823
              Until_Condition: None
               Until_Log_File: 
                Until_Log_Pos: 0
           Master_SSL_Allowed: No
           Master_SSL_CA_File: 
           Master_SSL_CA_Path: 
              Master_SSL_Cert: 
            Master_SSL_Cipher: 
               Master_SSL_Key: 
        Seconds_Behind_Master: 0
Master_SSL_Verify_Server_Cert: No
                Last_IO_Errno: 0
                Last_IO_Error: 
               Last_SQL_Errno: 0
               Last_SQL_Error: 
  Replicate_Ignore_Server_Ids: 
             Master_Server_Id: 1
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

在主服务器上创建xsb1数据库，在xsb1里面新建xsb2表，在表中插入内容

MariaDB [(none)]> create database xsb1;
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)
MariaDB [(none)]> use xsb1;
Database changed
MariaDB [xsb1]> create table xsb2 (id int(11),name varchar(11));
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
MariaDB [xsb1]> insert into xsb2 values (1,'xsb3'),(2,'xsb4');
Query OK, 2 rows affected (0.00 sec)
Records: 2  Duplicates: 0  Warnings: 0

在备服务器上查看

MariaDB [(none)]> show databases;
+--------------------+
| Database           |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| mysql              |
| performance_schema |
| test               |
| xsb1               |
+--------------------+
5 rows in set (0.01 sec)
MariaDB [(none)]> use xsb1;
Reading table information for completion of table and column names
You can turn off this feature to get a quicker startup with -A

Database changed
MariaDB [xsb1]> show tables;
+----------------+
| Tables_in_xsb1 |
+----------------+
| xsb2           |
+----------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

MariaDB [xsb1]> desc xsb2;
+-------+-------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
| Field | Type        | Null | Key | Default | Extra |
+-------+-------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
| id    | int(11)     | YES  |     | NULL    |       |
| name  | varchar(11) | YES  |     | NULL    |       |
+-------+-------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
2 rows in set (0.00 sec)