matplotlib直方图

基础案例

假设你获取了250部电影的时长(列表a中),希望统计出这些电影时长的分布状态(比如时长为100分钟到120分钟电影的数量)等信息,你应该如何呈现这些数据?

a = [131, 98, 125, 131, 124, 139, 131, 117, 128, 108, 135, 138, 131, 102, 107, 114, 119, 128, 121, 142, 127, 130, 124,
     101, 110, 116, 117, 110, 128, 128, 115, 99, 136, 126, 134, 95, 138, 117, 111, 78, 132, 124, 113, 150, 110, 117, 86,
     95, 144, 105, 126, 130, 126, 130, 126, 116, 123, 106, 112, 138, 123, 86, 101, 99, 136, 123, 117, 119, 105, 137,
     123, 128, 125, 104, 109, 134, 125, 127, 105, 120, 107, 129, 116, 108, 132, 103, 136, 118, 102, 120, 114, 105, 115,
     132, 145, 119, 121, 112, 139, 125, 138, 109, 132, 134, 156, 106, 117, 127, 144, 139, 139, 119, 140, 83, 110, 102,
     123, 107, 143, 115, 136, 118, 139, 123, 112, 118, 125, 109, 119, 133, 112, 114, 122, 109, 106, 123, 116, 131, 127,
     115, 118, 112, 135, 115, 146, 137, 116, 103, 144, 83, 123, 111, 110, 111, 100, 154, 136, 100, 118, 119, 133, 134,
     106, 129, 126, 110, 111, 109, 141, 120, 117, 106, 149, 122, 122, 110, 118, 127, 121, 114, 125, 126, 114, 140, 103,
     130, 141, 117, 106, 114, 121, 114, 133, 137, 92, 121, 112, 146, 97, 137, 105, 98, 117, 112, 81, 97, 139, 113, 134,
     106, 144, 110, 137, 137, 111, 104, 117, 100, 111, 101, 110, 105, 129, 137, 112, 120, 113, 133, 112, 83, 94, 146,
     133, 101, 131, 116, 111, 84, 137, 115, 122, 106, 144, 109, 123, 116, 111, 111, 133, 150]

直方图主要是为了统计频次 例如老王一生中出轨了几次

from matplotlib import pyplot as plt
from matplotlib import font_manager

a = [131, 98, 125, 131, 124, 139, 131, 117, 128, 108, 135, 138, 131, 102, 107, 114, 119, 128, 121, 142, 127, 130, 124,
     101, 110, 116, 117, 110, 128, 128, 115, 99, 136, 126, 134, 95, 138, 117, 111, 78, 132, 124, 113, 150, 110, 117, 86,
     95, 144, 105, 126, 130, 126, 130, 126, 116, 123, 106, 112, 138, 123, 86, 101, 99, 136, 123, 117, 119, 105, 137,
     123, 128, 125, 104, 109, 134, 125, 127, 105, 120, 107, 129, 116, 108, 132, 103, 136, 118, 102, 120, 114, 105, 115,
     132, 145, 119, 121, 112, 139, 125, 138, 109, 132, 134, 156, 106, 117, 127, 144, 139, 139, 119, 140, 83, 110, 102,
     123, 107, 143, 115, 136, 118, 139, 123, 112, 118, 125, 109, 119, 133, 112, 114, 122, 109, 106, 123, 116, 131, 127,
     115, 118, 112, 135, 115, 146, 137, 116, 103, 144, 83, 123, 111, 110, 111, 100, 154, 136, 100, 118, 119, 133, 134,
     106, 129, 126, 110, 111, 109, 141, 120, 117, 106, 149, 122, 122, 110, 118, 127, 121, 114, 125, 126, 114, 140, 103,
     130, 141, 117, 106, 114, 121, 114, 133, 137, 92, 121, 112, 146, 97, 137, 105, 98, 117, 112, 81, 97, 139, 113, 134,
     106, 144, 110, 137, 137, 111, 104, 117, 100, 111, 101, 110, 105, 129, 137, 112, 120, 113, 133, 112, 83, 94, 146,
     133, 101, 131, 116, 111, 84, 137, 115, 122, 106, 144, 109, 123, 116, 111, 111, 133, 150]
# 计算组数
d = 6  # 组距
num_bins = (max(a) - min(a)) // d  # 组数。要被d整除得到

# 设置图片的大小
plt.figure(figsize=(20, 8), dpi=80)
plt.hist(a, num_bins)
# 设置x轴的刻度·
plt.xticks(range(min(a), max(a) + d, d))
# 设置网格
plt.grid()
# 保存图片
plt.savefig("C:/Users/Administrator/Desktop/new.png")
plt.show()

综合案例1

用给出的csv格式的数据绘制出评论数量直方图

源数据链接
源数据的最后一列是评论数量，即本次用到的

知识点：可以练习用numpy读取csv格式的数据，和取值操作

# -*- codeing = utf-8 -*-
import numpy as np
from matplotlib import pyplot as plt

us_file_path = "./data/US_video_data_numbers.csv"
t_us = np.loadtxt(us_file_path, delimiter=",", dtype="int")
t_us_comments = t_us[:, -1]  # 取所有的行，且最后一列
t_us_comments = t_us_comments[t_us_comments <= 5000]  # 筛选数据
# 设置组距
d = 333
# 计算组数
num_bins = (t_us_comments.max() - t_us_comments.min()) // d
# 设置图片的大小
plt.figure(figsize=(20, 8), dpi=80)
# 设置x轴的刻度
plt.xticks(range(min(t_us_comments), max(t_us_comments) + d, d))
# 设置网格
plt.grid()
# 画图
plt.hist(t_us_comments, num_bins)
# 保存图片
plt.savefig("e:/desktop/new.png")

综合案例2