SpringMVC视图解析
- 方法执行后的返回值会作为页面地址参考,转发或者重定向到页面
- 视图解析器可能会进行页面地址的拼串
任何方法的返回值最终都会被包装成ModelAndView对象
//DisoatcherServlet来到页面的方法
//mv就是上面目标方法执行完后的返回值,被封装成ModelAndView(内有视图名及隐含模型中的数据)
//其它参数就是我的请求相应,请求对应的处理器(链)以及调度期间发生的错误对象
processDispatchResult(processedRequest, response, mappedHandler, mv, dispatchException);
来进一步看一下processDispatchResult方法
private void processDispatchResult(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response,
@Nullable HandlerExecutionChain mappedHandler, @Nullable ModelAndView mv,
@Nullable Exception exception) throws Exception {
boolean errorView = false;
//如果有错误的时候(即传入的Exception不为空) 怎样处理
if (exception != null) {
if (exception instanceof ModelAndViewDefiningException) {
logger.debug("ModelAndViewDefiningException encountered", exception);
mv = ((ModelAndViewDefiningException) exception).getModelAndView();
}
else {
Object handler = (mappedHandler != null ? mappedHandler.getHandler() : null);
mv = processHandlerException(request, response, handler, exception);
errorView = (mv != null);
}
}
//ModelAndView不等于空并且没有被清理掉
if (mv != null && !mv.wasCleared()) {
//渲染页面(request与response用来转发或者重定向,mv有你要去往的页面参考和模型数据)
render(mv, request, response);
if (errorView) {
WebUtils.clearErrorRequestAttributes(request);
}
}
else {
if (logger.isTraceEnabled()) {
logger.trace("No view rendering, null ModelAndView returned.");
}
}
if (WebAsyncUtils.getAsyncManager(request).isConcurrentHandlingStarted()) {
// Concurrent handling started during a forward
return;
}
if (mappedHandler != null) {
// Exception (if any) is already handled..
mappedHandler.triggerAfterCompletion(request, response, null);
}
}
render方法
protected void render(ModelAndView mv, HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws Exception {
//国际化有关
Locale locale =
(this.localeResolver != null ? this.localeResolver.resolveLocale(request) : request.getLocale());
response.setLocale(locale);
View view;
String viewName = mv.getViewName();
if (viewName != null) {
// We need to resolve the view name.
view = resolveViewName(viewName, mv.getModelInternal(), locale, request);
if (view == null) {
throw new ServletException("Could not resolve view with name '" + mv.getViewName() +
"' in servlet with name '" + getServletName() + "'");
}
}
else {
// No need to lookup: the ModelAndView object contains the actual View object.
view = mv.getView();
if (view == null) {
throw new ServletException("ModelAndView [" + mv + "] neither contains a view name nor a " +
"View object in servlet with name '" + getServletName() + "'");
}
}
// Delegate to the View object for rendering.
if (logger.isTraceEnabled()) {
logger.trace("Rendering view [" + view + "] ");
}
try {
if (mv.getStatus() != null) {
response.setStatus(mv.getStatus().value());
}
view.render(mv.getModelInternal(), request, response);
}
catch (Exception ex) {
if (logger.isDebugEnabled()) {
logger.debug("Error rendering view [" + view + "]", ex);
}
throw ex;
}
}
ViewResolver的作用:根据视图名(方法返回值)得到View对象
其接口只有一个方法,作用就是根据视图名返回视图对象
View resolveViewName(String viewName, Locale locale) throws Exception;
protected View resolveViewName(String viewName, @Nullable Map<String, Object> model,
Locale locale, HttpServletRequest request) throws Exception {
if (this.viewResolvers != null) {
//遍历所有的视图解析器,找到一个最合适的
for (ViewResolver viewResolver : this.viewResolvers) {
//视图解析器根据方法的返回值得到View对象
View view = viewResolver.resolveViewName(viewName, locale);
if (view != null) {
return view;
}
}
}
return null;
}
AbstractCachingViewResovler中 resolveViewName实现
public View resolveViewName(String viewName, Locale locale) throws Exception {
if (!isCache()) {
return createView(viewName, locale);
}
else {
Object cacheKey = getCacheKey(viewName, locale);
View view = this.viewAccessCache.get(cacheKey);
if (view == null) {
synchronized (this.viewCreationCache) {
view = this.viewCreationCache.get(cacheKey);
if (view == null) {
//根据方法的返回值创建出视图对象
view = createView(viewName, locale);
if (view == null && this.cacheUnresolved) {
view = UNRESOLVED_VIEW;
}
//创建完View对象还给缓存put进去了,下次如果一样就直接从缓存拿
if (view != null && this.cacheFilter.filter(view, viewName, locale)) {
this.viewAccessCache.put(cacheKey, view);
this.viewCreationCache.put(cacheKey, view);
}
}
}
}
else {
if (logger.isTraceEnabled()) {
logger.trace(formatKey(cacheKey) + "served from cache");
}
}
return (view != UNRESOLVED_VIEW ? view : null);
}
}
createView方法(创建View对象)
protected View createView(String viewName, Locale locale) throws Exception {
// If this resolver is not supposed to handle the given view,
// return null to pass on to the next resolver in the chain.
//判断一下能否进行处理
if (!canHandle(viewName, locale)) {
return null;
}
//检查有没有特殊前缀redirect:
if (viewName.startsWith(REDIRECT_URL_PREFIX)) {
String redirectUrl = viewName.substring(REDIRECT_URL_PREFIX.length());
//返回一个RedirectView
RedirectView view = new RedirectView(redirectUrl,
isRedirectContextRelative(), isRedirectHttp10Compatible());
String[] hosts = getRedirectHosts();
if (hosts != null) {
view.setHosts(hosts);
}
return applyLifecycleMethods(REDIRECT_URL_PREFIX, view);
}
//检查有没有特殊前缀forward:
if (viewName.startsWith(FORWARD_URL_PREFIX)) {
String forwardUrl = viewName.substring(FORWARD_URL_PREFIX.length());
//返回一个InternalResourceView
InternalResourceView view = new InternalResourceView(forwardUrl);
return applyLifecycleMethods(FORWARD_URL_PREFIX, view);
}
//没前缀使用父类默认createView方法给你创建一个View对象(InternalResourceView)(拼串)
return super.createView(viewName, locale);
}
返回View对象
视图解析器得到对象的流程就是:所有配置好的视图解析器都来尝试根据视图名(返回值)得到View对象
若能得到就返回View对象,如果得不到就换下一个视图解析器
得到View后调用View对象的render方法渲染页面
//第一个参数就是ModelAndView中隐含模型中你放的数据
view.render(mv.getModelInternal(), request, response);
来到具体View的实现类的render方法(AbstractView类)
@Override
public void render(@Nullable Map<String, ?> model, HttpServletRequest request,
HttpServletResponse response) throws Exception {
if (logger.isDebugEnabled()) {
logger.debug("View " + formatViewName() +
", model " + (model != null ? model : Collections.emptyMap()) +
(this.staticAttributes.isEmpty() ? "" : ", static attributes " + this.staticAttributes));
}
//创建一个合并的模型输出(数据Map)
Map<String, Object> mergedModel = createMergedOutputModel(model, request, response);
//准备相应
prepareResponse(request, response);
//渲染要给页面输出的所有数据
renderMergedOutputModel(mergedModel, getRequestToExpose(request), response);
}
InternalResourceView的 renderMergedOutputModel方法
@Override
protected void renderMergedOutputModel(
Map<String, Object> model, HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws Exception {
//将隐含 模型中的数据加入到请求域中
exposeModelAsRequestAttributes(model, request);
//请求要爆露在转发中
exposeHelpers(request);
//拿到最终要去的资源的路径
String dispatcherPath = prepareForRendering(request, response);
//调用Servlet原生的API拿到请求转发器
RequestDispatcher rd = getRequestDispatcher(request, dispatcherPath);
if (rd == null) {
throw new ServletException("Could not get RequestDispatcher for [" + getUrl() +
"]: Check that the corresponding file exists within your web application archive!");
}
// If already included or response already committed, perform include, else forward.
if (useInclude(request, response)) {
response.setContentType(getContentType());
if (logger.isDebugEnabled()) {
logger.debug("Including [" + getUrl() + "]");
}
rd.include(request, response);
}
else {
// Note: The forwarded resource is supposed to determine the content type itself.
if (logger.isDebugEnabled()) {
logger.debug("Forwarding to [" + getUrl() + "]");
}
//真正转发
rd.forward(request, response);
}
}
将模型中的数据加入到请求域中
protected void exposeModelAsRequestAttributes(Map<String, Object> model,
HttpServletRequest request) throws Exception {
//遍历map中的所有key,value放到请求域中
model.forEach((name, value) -> {
if (value != null) {
request.setAttribute(name, value);
}
else {
request.removeAttribute(name);
}
});
}
总结:视图解析器只是为了得到视图对象,视图对象才能真正的转发(将模型中数据放到请求域中)或者重定向到页面
视图对象才能真正的渲染视图