机器学习实验-logistic模型
(本文为学习总结笔记,如有雷同请无视)
1 实验原理与代码
1.1初始化+数据可视化
(1)查阅matlab图像处理工具箱中函数load,熟悉其基本语法学会导入数据;
(2)所给代码已利用load将数据文件ex2data1.txt加载至X和y中,ex2data1.txt中数据分别为两门课程的成绩与是否被录取;
(3)完善函数plotData(X,y),并绘制出数据的散点图。
function plotData(X, y)
%PLOTDATA Plots the data points X and y into a new figure
% PLOTDATA(x,y) plots the data points with + for the positive examples
% and o for the negative examples. X is assumed to be a Mx2 matrix.
% Create New Figure
figure; hold on;
% ====================== YOUR CODE HERE ======================
% Instructions: Plot the positive and negative examples on a
% 2D plot, using the option 'k+' for the positive
% examples and 'ko' for the negative examples.
%
% 寻找1和0的项
pos = find(y == 1);
neg = find(y == 0);
% 画图
plot(X(pos, 1), X(pos, 2), 'k+','LineWidth', 2, 'MarkerSize', 7);
plot(X(neg, 1), X(neg, 2), 'ko', 'MarkerFaceColor', 'y','MarkerSize', 7);
% =========================================================================
hold off;
end
1.2 计算代价和梯度
(1)查阅教材3.3,理解和掌握Sigmoid函数的构建,并完善代码中的函数sigmoid();
(2)理解和计算梯度和代价函数J,并完善函数costFunction();
#函数 sigmoid()
function g = sigmoid(z)
%SIGMOID Compute sigmoid functoon
% J = SIGMOID(z) computes the sigmoid of z.
% You need to return the following variables correctly
g = zeros(size(z));
% ====================== YOUR CODE HERE ======================
% Instructions: Compute the sigmoid of each value of z (z can be a matrix,
% vector or scalar).
g = 1 ./ ( 1 + exp(-z) ) ;
% =============================================================
end
#函数 costFunction()
function [J, grad] = costFunction(theta, X, y)
%COSTFUNCTION Compute cost and gradient for logistic regression
% J = COSTFUNCTION(theta, X, y) computes the cost of using theta as the
% parameter for logistic regression and the gradient of the cost
% w.r.t. to the parameters.
% Initialize some useful values
m = length(y); % number of training examples
% You need to return the following variables correctly
J = 0;
grad = zeros(size(theta));
% ====================== YOUR CODE HERE ======================
% Instructions: Compute the cost of a particular choice of theta.
% You should set J to the cost.
% Compute the partial derivatives and set grad to the partial
% derivatives of the cost w.r.t. each parameter in theta
%
% Note: grad should have the same dimensions as theta
%
J= -1 * sum( y .* log( sigmoid(X*theta) ) + (1 - y ) .* log( (1 - sigmoid(X*theta)) ) ) / m ;
grad = ( X' * (sigmoid(X*theta) - y ) )/ m ;
% =============================================================
end
1.3 通过fminunc函数进行优化
(1)查阅matlab工具箱中函数optimset,了解函数各项输入与输出含义;
(2)查阅matlab工具箱中函数fminunc,熟悉其基本语法并理解函数的功能;
(3)利用函数fminunc找出logistic回归代价函数的最佳参数θ;
(4)理解函数plotDecisionBoundary(),并绘制出优化后的logistic回归模型。
1.4 预测
(1)根据给定的一组数据(如一名学生分数:[1 45 85])通过优化所得的参数θ进行预测;
(2)完善函数predict(),并对载入数据进行预测和计算预测的准确性。
function p = predict(theta, X)
%PREDICT Predict whether the label is 0 or 1 using learned logistic
%regression parameters theta
% p = PREDICT(theta, X) computes the predictions for X using a
% threshold at 0.5 (i.e., if sigmoid(theta'*x) >= 0.5, predict 1)
m = size(X, 1); % Number of training examples
% You need to return the following variables correctly
p = zeros(m, 1);
% ====================== YOUR CODE HERE ======================
% Instructions: Complete the following code to make predictions using
% your learned logistic regression parameters.
% You should set p to a vector of 0's and 1's
%
k = find(sigmoid( X * theta) >= 0.5 );
p(k)= 1;
d = find(sigmoid( X * theta) < 0.5 );
p(d)= 0;
% =========================================================================
end
1.5 主函数ex2
%% Machine Learning Online Class - Exercise 2: Logistic Regression
%
% Instructions
% ------------
%
% This file contains code that helps you get started on the logistic
% regression exercise. You will need to complete the following functions
% in this exericse:
%
% plotData.m
% sigmoid.m
% costFunction.m
% predict.m
%
% For this exercise, you will not need to change any code in this file,
% or any other files other than those mentioned above.
%
%% Initialization
clear ; close all; clc
%% Load Data
% The first two columns contains the exam scores and the third column
% contains the label.
data = load('ex2data1.txt');
X = data(:, [1, 2]); y = data(:, 3);
%% ==================== Part 1: Plotting ====================
% We start the exercise by first plotting the data to understand the
% the problem we are working with.
fprintf(['Plotting data with + indicating (y = 1) examples and o ' ...
'indicating (y = 0) examples.\n']);
plotData(X, y);
% Put some labels
hold on;
% Labels and Legend
xlabel('Exam 1 score')
ylabel('Exam 2 score')
% Specified in plot order
legend('Admitted', 'Not admitted')
hold off;
fprintf('\nProgram paused. Press enter to continue.\n');
pause;
%% ============ Part 2: Compute Cost and Gradient ============
% In this part of the exercise, you will implement the cost and gradient
% for logistic regression. You neeed to complete the code in
% costFunction.m
% Setup the data matrix appropriately, and add ones for the intercept term
[m, n] = size(X);
% Add intercept term to x and X_test
X = [ones(m, 1) X];
% Initialize fitting parameters
initial_theta = zeros(n + 1, 1);
% Compute and display initial cost and gradient
[cost, grad] = costFunction(initial_theta, X, y);
fprintf('Cost at initial theta (zeros): %f\n', cost);
fprintf('Gradient at initial theta (zeros): \n');
fprintf(' %f \n', grad);
fprintf('\nProgram paused. Press enter to continue.\n');
pause;
%% ============= Part 3: Optimizing using fminunc =============
% In this exercise, you will use a built-in function (fminunc) to find the
% optimal parameters theta.
% Set options for fminunc
options = optimset('GradObj', 'on', 'MaxIter', 400);
% Run fminunc to obtain the optimal theta
% This function will return theta and the cost
[theta, cost] = ...
fminunc(@(t)(costFunction(t, X, y)), initial_theta, options);
% Print theta to screen
fprintf('Cost at theta found by fminunc: %f\n', cost);
fprintf('theta: \n');
fprintf(' %f \n', theta);
% Plot Boundary
plotDecisionBoundary(theta, X, y);
% Put some labels
hold on;
% Labels and Legend
xlabel('Exam 1 score')
ylabel('Exam 2 score')
% Specified in plot order
legend('Admitted', 'Not admitted')
hold off;
fprintf('\nProgram paused. Press enter to continue.\n');
pause;
%% ============== Part 4: Predict and Accuracies ==============
% After learning the parameters, you'll like to use it to predict the outcomes
% on unseen data. In this part, you will use the logistic regression model
% to predict the probability that a student with score 45 on exam 1 and
% score 85 on exam 2 will be admitted.
%
% Furthermore, you will compute the training and test set accuracies of
% our model.
%
% Your task is to complete the code in predict.m
% Predict probability for a student with score 45 on exam 1
% and score 85 on exam 2
prob = sigmoid([1 45 85] * theta);
fprintf(['For a student with scores 45 and 85, we predict an admission ' ...
'probability of %f\n\n'], prob);
% Compute accuracy on our training set
p = predict(theta, X);
fprintf('Train Accuracy: %f\n', mean(double(p == y)) * 100);
fprintf('\nProgram paused. Press enter to continue.\n');
pause;