大二（下）C++ 第六章编程题

**一.**定义一个抽象类shape，用于代表几何图形，设置计算几何图形体积的外部接口；由shape类派生出圆柱类cylinder、球sphere；圆柱体类型有私有数据成员半径r，高h；球类有私有数据成员半径r；结合抽象类的指针或引用，实现就算几何图形体积。纯虚函数定义：double volume（）=0；main()已给出，请直接复制使用
int main()
{
shape *p;
double r,h;
cout<<“input r & h：”<<endl;
cin>>r>>h;
cylinder cy(r,h);
sphere sp®;
p=&cy;
cout< volume()<<endl;
p=&sp;
cout< volume()<<endl;
return 0;
}

输入描述
无
输出描述
无

样例输入1:
input r & h：
2 5
样例输出1:
62.83
33.5093

#include<iostream>
#include<string.h>
#include <iomanip>
using namespace std;
#pragma warning(disable:4996)

class shape
{
protected:
	double radius;
public:
	shape(double r)
	{
		radius = r;
	}
	shape()
	{
		radius = 0;
	}
	virtual double area() = 0;   //求表面积
	virtual double volume() = 0; //求体积
	virtual void print() = 0;    //输出相关信息
};


class sphere:public shape //球体
{
private:
	int radius;
public:
	sphere(int r)
	{
		radius = r;
	}
	virtual double area()    //求表面积
	{
		return 4 * 3.1415 * radius * radius;
	}
	virtual double volume()  //求体积
	{
		return  (3.1415 * (4.0 / 3) * radius * radius * radius);
	}
	virtual void print()     //输出相关信息
	{
		cout << "球体表面积为：" << area() << "  球体体积为：" << volume() << endl;
	}
};

class cylinder :public shape //圆柱体
{
private:
	double height;
	double radius;
public:
	cylinder(double r, double h)
	{
		radius = r;
		height = h;
	}
	virtual double area()    //求表面积
	{
		return 2 * 3.1415 * radius *(radius + height);
	}
	virtual double volume()  //求体积
	{
		return  3.1415 * height * radius * radius;
	}
	virtual void print()     //输出相关信息
	{
		cout << "圆柱体表面积为：" << area() << "  圆柱体体积为：" << volume() << endl;
	}

};


int main()
{
	shape *p;
	double  r, h;
	cout << "input r & h：" << endl;
	cin >> r >> h;
	cylinder cy(r, h);
	sphere sp(r);
	p = &cy;
	cout << setiosflags(ios::fixed) << setprecision(2);
	cout << p->volume() << endl;
	p = &sp;
	cout << setiosflags(ios::fixed) << setprecision(4);
	cout << p->volume() << endl;

	getchar();
	getchar();
	return 0;
}

**二.**设计一个矩阵类，要求矩阵类中重载运算符加（＋）和赋值（＝），主函数定义类对象并调用重载的运算符。

提示：
(1) 本题考虑可加（即加与被加矩阵的行列数必须分别相等）和可赋值（等号左值的行列数变为右值的行列数）情况，其他情况输出“ program terminated! ”
(2) 要求分别输入矩阵 am 和 bm 的行列数，各矩阵元素，分别计算 cm=am+bm;am=bm; 并进行输出
(3) 定义相应的构造函数和析构函数
(4) 类中的成员变量应当有三个：int row,col;分别表示矩阵的行数和列数，另外还需要定义一个一级指针或二级指针用来申请动态空间，存放rowcol个整数
(5) 程序最前面的文件包含请用下面代码：
#include
#include <stdlib.h>
using namespace std;
(6)main()已给出，请直接复制使用
int main()
{
int row_a,col_a,row_b,col_b;
cout<<“请输入am矩阵的行数和列数:”<<endl;
cin>>row_a>>col_a;
Matrix am(row_a,col_a);
cout<<“请输入bm矩阵的行数和列数:”<<endl;
cin>>row_b>>col_b;
Matrix bm(row_b,col_b),cm;
cout<<“am:”<<endl;
am.disp();
cout<<“bm:”<<endl;
bm.disp();
cm=am+bm;
cout<<“cm=am+bm:”<<endl;
cm.disp();
am=bm;
cout<<“am=bm:”<<endl;
am.disp();
return 0;
}
(7)类的成员函数disp的代码已给出，请直接复制使用：
void Matrix::disp()
{
for(int i=0;i<row;i++)
{
cout<<’\t’;
for(int j=0;j<col;j++)
cout<<(m+i*col+j)<<’\t’;
cout<<endl;
}
}

样例输入1:
请输入am矩阵的行数和列数:
3 3<回车>
请输入该矩阵元素:
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9<回车>
请输入bm矩阵的行数和列数:
3 3<回车>
请输入该矩阵元素:
9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1<回车>
样例输出1:
am:
1 2 3
4 5 6
7 8 9
bm:
9 8 7
6 5 4
3 2 1
cm=am+bm:
10 10 10
10 10 10
10 10 10
am=bm:
9 8 7
6 5 4
3 2 1

样例输入2:
请输入am矩阵的行数和列数:
3 4<回车>
请输入该矩阵元素:
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12<回车>
请输入bm矩阵的行数和列数:
3 3<回车>
请输入该矩阵元素:
9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1<回车>
样例输出2:
am:
1 2 3 4
5 6 7 8
9 10 11 12
bm:
9 8 7
6 5 4
3 2 1
program terminated!

#include<iostream>
#include<string.h>
#include<iomanip>
#include<stdlib.h>
using namespace std;
#pragma warning(disable:4996)

class Matrix
{
	int *m, row, col;
public:
	Matrix(int r, int c)
	{
		row = r;
		col = c;
		m = new int[row*col];
		cout << "请输入该矩阵元素：";
		for (int i = 0; i < row; i++)
		{
			for (int j = 0; j < col; j++)
			{
				cin >> m[i*col + j];
			}
		}
	}
	Matrix()
	{
		row = col = 0;
		m = NULL;
	}
	~Matrix()
	{
		delete m;
	}
	Matrix & operator=(Matrix &mat)
	{
		delete m;
		m = new int[mat.row*mat.col];
		row = mat.row;
		col = mat.col;
		for (int i = 0; i < row; i++)
		{
			for (int j = 0; j < col; j++)
			{
				*(m + col * i + j) = *(mat.m + i * mat.col + j);
			}
		}
		return *this;
	}
	void disp();
	friend Matrix &operator+(Matrix &, Matrix &);
};

void Matrix::disp()
{
	for (int i = 0; i < row; i++)
	{
		cout << '\t';
		for (int j = 0; j < col; j++)
			cout << *(m + i * col + j) << '\t';
		cout << endl;
	}
}
Matrix &operator+(Matrix &mat1, Matrix &mat2)
{
	if (mat1.col != mat2.col || mat1.row != mat2.row)
	{
		cout << "program terminated!" << endl;
		exit(0);
	}
	else
	{
		for (int i = 0; i < mat1.row; i++)
		{
			for (int j = 0; j < mat1.col; j++)
			{
				(*(mat1.m + i * mat1.col + j)) += (*(mat2.m + i * mat2.col + j));
			}
		}
	}
	return mat1;
}
int main()
{
	int row_a, col_a, row_b, col_b;
	cout << "请输入am矩阵的行数和列数:" << endl;
	cin >> row_a >> col_a;
	Matrix am(row_a, col_a);
	cout << "请输入bm矩阵的行数和列数:" << endl;
	cin >> row_b >> col_b;
	Matrix bm(row_b, col_b), cm;
	cout << "am:" << endl;
	am.disp();
	cout << "bm:" << endl;
	bm.disp();
	cm = am + bm;
	cout << "cm=am+bm:" << endl;
	cm.disp();
	am = bm;
	cout << "am=bm:" << endl;
	am.disp();
	while (1)
	{
		getchar();
	}
	return 0;
}

#include <iostream>
#include <stdlib.h>
using namespace std;

class Matrix
{
protected:
    int row;
    int col;
    int *m;
public:
    Matrix(int r, int c);
    Matrix(){row=col=0;m=NULL;}
    friend Matrix &operator+(Matrix &M1,Matrix &M2);
    Matrix &operator=(Matrix &M);
    void disp();
    ~Matrix();
};



Matrix::Matrix(int r, int c)
{
    row=r;
    col=c;
    int n=row*col;
    m=new int[n];
    cout<<"请输入该矩阵元素:"<<endl;
    for(int i=0;i<n;i++)
        cin>>m[i];
}

Matrix &operator+(Matrix &M1,Matrix &M2)
{
    if(M1.row!=M2.row||M1.col!=M2.col)
    {cout<<"program terminated!"<<endl;
    exit(0);
    }
    if(M1.row==M2.row&&M1.col==M2.col)
    {
        for(int i=0;i<M1.row*M1.col;i++)
        M1.m[i]=M1.m[i]+M2.m[i];
        return M1;
    }


}

Matrix& Matrix::operator=(Matrix &M)
{
    delete m;
    m=new int[M.col*M.row];
    row=M.row;
    col=M.col;
    if(row==M.row&&col==M.col)
    {
        delete m;
        m=new int[M.col*M.row];
        for(int i=0;i<row*col;i++)
        m[i]=M.m[i];
        return *this;
    }

}


void Matrix::disp()
{
	for(int i=0;i<row;i++)
	{
		cout<<'\t';
		for(int j=0;j<col;j++)
			cout<<*(m+i*col+j)<<'\t';
		cout<<endl;
	}
}

Matrix::~Matrix()
{
    delete []m;
}

int main()
{
	int row_a,col_a,row_b,col_b;
	cout<<"请输入am矩阵的行数和列数:"<<endl;
	cin>>row_a>>col_a;
	Matrix am(row_a,col_a);
	cout<<"请输入bm矩阵的行数和列数:"<<endl;
	cin>>row_b>>col_b;
	Matrix bm(row_b,col_b),cm;
	cout<<"am:"<<endl;
	am.disp();
	cout<<"bm:"<<endl;
	bm.disp();
	cm=am+bm;
	cout<<"cm=am+bm:"<<endl;
	cm.disp();
	am=bm;
	cout<<"am=bm:"<<endl;
	am.disp();
	return 0;
}