【前言】
python内置了很多随机数相关的函数,下面列举一些常用的函数,特别是python 3.6新加的加权随机特别实用
1、随机打乱指定集合序列的元素:
import random
alist = [1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9]
for i in range(3):
random.shuffle(alist)
print(alist)
输出:
[4, 9, 8, 7, 1, 5, 2, 3, 6]
[2, 1, 3, 6, 5, 7, 9, 4, 8]
[3, 9, 5, 4, 7, 1, 2, 8, 6]
2、随机从集合中挑选一个元素
alist = [1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9]
for i in range(3):
choiceNum = random.choice(range(10))
print(choiceNum)
输出:
6
4
3
3、随机生成的一个在[0,1)范围内的实数
alist = [1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9]
for i in range(3):
num = random.random()
print(num)
输出:
0.6284141411866134
0.6813147648111779
0.30652512567883783
4、从集合中随机选出指定数量的样本
alist = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9]
for i in range(10):
sample = random.sample(alist, 4)
print(sample)
输出:
[3, 9, 2, 4]
[3, 8, 6, 1]
[9, 3, 5, 1]
[6, 5, 3, 8]
[8, 1, 5, 6]
[4, 6, 9, 1]
[5, 7, 3, 6]
[8, 4, 9, 7]
[9, 3, 8, 6]
[2, 6, 5, 3]
5、对集合元素加权之后,随机选择一个元素出来(python 3.6+)
import random
# 元素集合
alist = [0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8]
# 元素对应的权重集合
weight = [1, 1, 1, 1, 5, 1, 1, 1, 1]
# 元素对应被抽中次数集合
times = [0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0]
# 遍历的次数
travelCountList = (10,100,1000,10000)
for k in travelCountList:
for i in range(k):
choiceNum = random.choices(alist, weights=weight)
times[choiceNum[0]] += 1
print(times)
输出:
[0, 1, 2, 0, 4, 0, 2, 1, 0]
[2, 5, 6, 6, 56, 2, 16, 7, 10]
[81, 80, 92, 71, 444, 72, 87, 102, 81]
[878, 796, 901, 802, 4310, 849, 861, 896, 817]
从上面可以看到,只运行10次,其实权重的效果不是特别明显,但是运行10000次,基本被抽中的次数比接近设置的权重比