Python入门学习笔记_6

文件输入/输出

fileobj = open(filemane, mode)

• fileobj :是open()返回的文件对象
• filename:是该文件的字符串名
• mode:文件类型和操作的字符串
  mode第一个字母：
• r:读模式
• w:写模式。如果文件不存在则新创建，如果存在则重写新内容
• x:在文件不存在的情况下新创新并写文件
• a:如果文件存在，在文件末尾追加写内容
  mode第二个字母：
• t（或省略）:代表文本类型
• b:代表二进制文件

使用write()写文本文件

pome = '''There was a young lady named Bright,
Whose speed was far faster than light;
she started one day
In a relative way,
And returned on the previous night.'''
len(pome)

150

• write()读取文件

fout = open('images/relativity.txt', 'wt')
fout.write(pome))#返回文件的字节数
fout.close()

  File "<ipython-input-8-00767d9884a5>", line 2
    fout.write(pome))#返回文件的字节数
                    ^
SyntaxError: invalid syntax

• print()读取

fout = open('images/relativity.txt', 'wt')
print(pome, file = fout)
fout.close()

二者区别
print()默认在每个参数后面加空格，每行结束处添加换行
为了使二者相同，可在print()读取时传入两个参数

• sep分隔符：默认是一个空格’ ’
• end结束字符：默认是一个换行符’\n’

fout = open('images/relativity.txt', 'wt')
print(pome, file = fout, sep = '', end = '')
fout.close()

• 如果源字符串非常大，可将数据分块

fout = open('images/relativity.txt', 'wt')
size = len(pome)
offset = 0
chunk = 100
while True:
    if offset > size:
        break
    print(fout.write(pome[offset : offset + chunk]))
    offset += chunk

100
50

• 如果文件已经存在，为防止重写，使用x模式

try:
    fout = open('images/relativity.txt', 'xt')
    fout.write('abc abc abc')
except FileExistsError:
    print("relativity.txt already exists!")

relativity.txt already exists!

使用read()、readline()或者readlines()读文本文件

• read()

fin = open('images/relativity.txt', 'rt')
pome = fin.read()
fin.close()
len(pome)

150

pome = ''
fin = open('images/relativity.txt', 'rt')
chunk = 100
while True:
    fragment = fin.read(chunk)
    if not fragment:
        break
    pome += fragment
fin.close()
print(len(pome))
print(pome)

150
There was a young lady named Bright,
Whose speed was far faster than light;
she started one day
In a relative way,
And returned on the previous night.

• readline()

pome = ''
fin = open('images/relativity.txt', 'rt')
chunk = 100
while True:
    line = fin.readline()
    if not line:
        break
    pome += line
fin.close()
print(len(pome))
print(pome)

150
There was a young lady named Bright,
Whose speed was far faster than light;
she started one day
In a relative way,
And returned on the previous night.

• iterator迭代

pome = ''
fin = open('images/relativity.txt', 'rt')
for line in fin:
    pome += line
    
fin.close()
print(len(pome))
print(pome)

150
There was a young lady named Bright,
Whose speed was far faster than light;
she started one day
In a relative way,
And returned on the previous night.

fin = open('images/relativity.txt', 'rt')
lines = fin.readlines()
fin.close()
print(len(lines), "lines read")
for line in lines:
    print(line, end = '')

5 lines read
There was a young lady named Bright,
Whose speed was far faster than light;
she started one day
In a relative way,
And returned on the previous night.