HttpServlet

最新推荐文章于 2024-06-14 14:08:37 发布

寇大大

最新推荐文章于 2024-06-14 14:08:37 发布

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分类专栏： java web 文章标签： java servlet http

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/qq_43322680/article/details/116520315

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HttpServletResponse HttpServletRequest

HttpServletResponse HttpServletRequest

HttpServletResponse

web服务器接收到客户端的http请求，针对这个请求，分别创建一个代表请求的HttpServletRequest对象，代表响应的一个HttpServletResponse；

如果要获取客户端请求过来的参数：找HttpServletRequest
如果要给客户端响应一些信息：找HttpServletResponse

1、简单分类

负责向浏览器发送数据的方法

ServletOutputStream getOutputStream() throws IOException;
PrintWriter getWriter() throws IOException;

负责向浏览器发送响应头的方法

void setCharacterEncoding(String var1);
void setContentLength(int var1);
void setContentLengthLong(long var1);
void setContentType(String var1);
void setDateHeader(String var1, long var2);
void addDateHeader(String var1, long var2);
void setHeader(String var1, String var2);
void addHeader(String var1, String var2);
void setIntHeader(String var1, int var2);
void addIntHeader(String var1, int var2);

响应的状态码

int SC_CONTINUE = 100;
int SC_SWITCHING_PROTOCOLS = 101;
int SC_OK = 200;
int SC_CREATED = 201;
int SC_ACCEPTED = 202;
int SC_NON_AUTHORITATIVE_INFORMATION = 203;
int SC_NO_CONTENT = 204;
int SC_RESET_CONTENT = 205;
int SC_PARTIAL_CONTENT = 206;
int SC_MULTIPLE_CHOICES = 300;
int SC_MOVED_PERMANENTLY = 301;
int SC_MOVED_TEMPORARILY = 302;
int SC_FOUND = 302;
int SC_SEE_OTHER = 303;
int SC_NOT_MODIFIED = 304;
int SC_USE_PROXY = 305;
int SC_TEMPORARY_REDIRECT = 307;
int SC_BAD_REQUEST = 400;
int SC_UNAUTHORIZED = 401;
int SC_PAYMENT_REQUIRED = 402;
int SC_FORBIDDEN = 403;
int SC_NOT_FOUND = 404;
int SC_METHOD_NOT_ALLOWED = 405;
int SC_NOT_ACCEPTABLE = 406;
int SC_PROXY_AUTHENTICATION_REQUIRED = 407;
int SC_REQUEST_TIMEOUT = 408;
int SC_CONFLICT = 409;
int SC_GONE = 410;
int SC_LENGTH_REQUIRED = 411;
int SC_PRECONDITION_FAILED = 412;
int SC_REQUEST_ENTITY_TOO_LARGE = 413;
int SC_REQUEST_URI_TOO_LONG = 414;
int SC_UNSUPPORTED_MEDIA_TYPE = 415;
int SC_REQUESTED_RANGE_NOT_SATISFIABLE = 416;
int SC_EXPECTATION_FAILED = 417;
int SC_INTERNAL_SERVER_ERROR = 500;
int SC_NOT_IMPLEMENTED = 501;
int SC_BAD_GATEWAY = 502;
int SC_SERVICE_UNAVAILABLE = 503;
int SC_GATEWAY_TIMEOUT = 504;
int SC_HTTP_VERSION_NOT_SUPPORTED = 505;

2、下载文件

1. 要获取下载文件的路径
2. 下载的文件名
3. 让浏览器能够支持下载我们需要的东西
4. 获取下载文件的输入流
5. 创建缓冲区
6. 获取OutputStream对象
7. 将FileOutputStream流写入到buffer缓冲区
8. 使用OutputStream将缓冲区中的数据输出到客户端！

@Override
protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp)
throws ServletException, IOException {
// 1. 要获取下载文件的路径
String realPath = "D:\IDEA\CODE\JAVAWeb\servlet\response\target\classes\寇大大.png";
System.out.println("下载文件的路径："+realPath);
// 2. 下载的文件名
String fileName = realPath.substring(realPath.lastIndexOf("\\") + 1);
// 3. 设置想办法让浏览器能够支持(Content-Disposition)下载我们需要的东西,中文文件
名URLEncoder.encode编码，否则有可能乱码
resp.setHeader("Content-
Disposition","attachment;filename="+URLEncoder.encode(fileName,"UTF-8"));
// 4. 获取下载文件的输入流
FileInputStream in = new FileInputStream(realPath);
// 5. 创建缓冲区
int len = 0;
byte[] buffer = new byte[1024];
// 6. 获取OutputStream对象
ServletOutputStream out = resp.getOutputStream();
// 7. 将FileOutputStream流写入到buffer缓冲区,使用OutputStream将缓冲区中的数据
输出到客户端！
while ((len=in.read(buffer))>0){
out.write(buffer,0,len);
}
in.close();
out.close();
}

3、验证码功能

前端实现
后端实现，需要用到 Java 的图片类，生产一个图片

package com.kou.servlet;
import javax.imageio.ImageIO;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.image.BufferedImage;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.Random;
public class ImageServlet extends HttpServlet {
@Override
protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp)
throws ServletException, IOException {
//如何让浏览器3秒自动刷新一次;
resp.setHeader("refresh","3");
//在内存中创建一个图片
BufferedImage image = new
BufferedImage(80,20,BufferedImage.TYPE_INT_RGB);
//得到图片
Graphics2D g = (Graphics2D) image.getGraphics(); //笔
//设置图片的背景颜色
g.setColor(Color.white);
g.fillRect(0,0,80,20);
//给图片写数据
g.setColor(Color.BLUE);
g.setFont(new Font(null,Font.BOLD,20));
g.drawString(makeNum(),0,20);
//告诉浏览器，这个请求用图片的方式打开
resp.setContentType("image/jpeg");
//网站存在缓存，不让浏览器缓存
resp.setDateHeader("expires",-1);
resp.setHeader("Cache-Control","no-cache");
resp.setHeader("Pragma","no-cache");
//把图片写给浏览器
ImageIO.write(image,"jpg", resp.getOutputStream());
}
//生成随机数
private String makeNum(){
Random random = new Random();
String num = random.nextInt(9999999) + "";
StringBuffer sb = new StringBuffer();
for (int i = 0; i < 7-num.length() ; i++) {
sb.append("0");
}
num = sb.toString() + num;
return num;
}
@Override
protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp)
throws ServletException, IOException {
doGet(req, resp);
}
}

4、实现重定向

5、简单实现登录重定向

<%--这里提交的路径，需要寻找到项目的路径--%>
<%--${pageContext.request.contextPath}代表当前的项目--%>
<form action="${pageContext.request.contextPath}/login" method="get">
用户名：<input type="text" name="username"> <br>
密码：<input type="password" name="password"> <br>
<input type="submit">
</form>

@Override
protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp)
throws ServletException, IOException {
//处理请求
String username = req.getParameter("username");
String password = req.getParameter("password");
System.out.println(username+":"+password);
//重定向时候一定要注意，路径问题，否则404；
resp.sendRedirect("/r/success.jsp");
}

<servlet>
<servlet-name>requset</servlet-name>
<servlet-class>com.kou.servlet.RequestTest</servlet-class>
</servlet>
<servlet-mapping>
<servlet-name>requset</servlet-name>
<url-pattern>/login</url-pattern>
</servlet-mapping>

<%@ page contentType="text/html;charset=UTF-8" language="java" %>
<html>
<head>
<title>Title</title>
</head>
<body>
<h1>Success</h1>
</body>
</html>

HttpServletRequest

HttpServletRequest代表客户端的请求，用户通过Http协议访问服务器，HTTP请求中的所有信息会被封装到HttpServletRequest，通过这个HttpServletRequest的方法，获得客户端的所有信息；

获取参数请求转发

@Override
protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp)
throws ServletException, IOException {
req.setCharacterEncoding("utf-8");
resp.setCharacterEncoding("utf-8");
String username = req.getParameter("username");
String password = req.getParameter("password");
String[] hobbys = req.getParameterValues("hobbys");
System.out.println("=============================");
//后台接收中文乱码问题
System.out.println(username);
System.out.println(password);
System.out.println(Arrays.toString(hobbys));
System.out.println("=============================");
System.out.println(req.getContextPath());
//通过请求转发
//这里的 / 代表当前的web应用
req.getRequestDispatcher("/success.jsp").forward(req,resp);
}

重定向和转发的区别

相同点

页面都会实现跳转

不同点

请求转发的时候，url不会产生变化；（307）
重定向时候，url地址栏会发生变化；（302）

寇大大

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HttpServlet

目录HttpServletResponseHttpServletRequestHttpServletResponse1、简单分类2、下载文件3、验证码功能4、实现重定向5、简单实现登录重定向HttpServletRequest获取参数请求转发HttpServletResponseHttpServletRequestHttpServletResponseweb服务器接收到客户端的http请求，针对这个请求，分别创建一个代表请求的HttpServl...
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