蓝桥杯单片机-国赛6——第13届国赛主观题

archie474

已于 2024-05-30 09:56:40 修改

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分类专栏：蓝桥杯-单片机组编程进阶技巧与国赛器件文章标签：蓝桥杯单片机嵌入式硬件 51单片机 c语言

于 2024-05-27 18:38:30 首次发布

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/qq_43323677/article/details/139244919

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0.比赛真题

1. 编程心得

DAC输出需要放到while循环里，一直持续的输出才能检测到稳定电压
涉及锁存器5的部分：relay、buzz、motor……等不要放到while循环里，会造成蜂鸣器暴鸣。而是应该写一个带形参的函数，直接进行调用
led的刷新：放在定时计数器里面，每2ms刷新一次比较恰当
涉及超声波的变量，无脑采用unsigned int

2.代码效果

波形输出需要有20%占空比和80%占空比两种，实测波形分别如下：

询问了学院博士，回答说高电平转低电平时，产生的向下的尖刺可能时由于motor端口，是用来驱动电机的，电路中自带一个电感，因此波形有向下的尖刺

3.单个模块代码

继电器和motor端口

超声波初始化函数

波形输出控制

4.完整参考代码

basecode.h

#ifndef __BASECODE_H__
#define __BASECODE_H__

unsigned char code duanma[20] = {0xc0,0xf9,0xa4,0xb0,0x99,0x92,0x82,0xf8,0x80,0x90,
                                 0x88,0x83,0xc6,0xc0,0x86,0x8e,0x89,0x8c,0x89,0x8c};
unsigned char code duanma_dot[10] = {0x40,0x79,0x24,0x30,0x19,0x12,0x02,0x78,0x00,0x10};

void select_HC573 ( unsigned char channal );
void state_SMG ( unsigned char pos_SMG , unsigned char value_SMG );
void state_SMG_all ( unsigned char value_SMG_all );
void init_sys ();
unsigned char pcf8591_rb2 ();
void pcf8591_dac ( unsigned char dac_value );
void at24c02_write ( unsigned char addr_value , unsigned char value );
unsigned char at24c02_read ( unsigned char addr_value );
#endif

basecode.c

#include <REGX51.H>
#include "iic.h"


void Delay()		//@12.000MHz
{
	unsigned char i, j;

	i = 24;
	j = 85;
	do
	{
		while (--j);
	} while (--i);
}

//锁存器通道选择函数
void select_HC573 ( unsigned char channal )
{
	switch ( channal )
	{
		case 4:
			P2 = ( P2 & 0x1f ) | 0x80;
		break;
		case 5:
			P2 = ( P2 & 0x1f ) | 0xa0;
		break;
		case 6:
			P2 = ( P2 & 0x1f ) | 0xc0;
		break;
		case 7:
			P2 = ( P2 & 0x1f ) | 0xe0;
		break;
		case 0:
			P2 = ( P2 & 0x1f );
		break;
	}
}

//单位数码管显示函数
void state_SMG ( unsigned char pos_SMG , unsigned char value_SMG )
{
	P0 = 0x01 << pos_SMG;	
	select_HC573( 6 );
	select_HC573 ( 0 );
	P0 = value_SMG;
	select_HC573( 7 );
	select_HC573 ( 0 );
}

//全位数码管静态显示
void state_SMG_all ( unsigned char value_SMG_all )
{
	P0 = 0xff;	
	select_HC573( 6 );
	select_HC573 ( 0 );
	P0 = value_SMG_all;
	select_HC573( 7 );
	select_HC573 ( 0 );
}	

//初始化系统，关闭继电器和蜂鸣器
void init_sys ()
{
	P0 = 0xff;	
	select_HC573 ( 4 );
	select_HC573 ( 0 );
	P0 = 0x00;
	select_HC573 ( 5 );
	select_HC573 ( 0 );

}

unsigned char pcf8591_rb2 ()
{
	unsigned char rb2_value = 0;
	
	I2CStart();
	I2CSendByte(0x90);
	I2CWaitAck();
	I2CSendByte(0x03);
	I2CWaitAck();
	I2CStop();
	Delay();
	
	I2CStart();
	I2CSendByte(0x91);
	I2CWaitAck();
	rb2_value = I2CReceiveByte();
	I2CSendAck(1);	
	I2CStop();
	
	return rb2_value;
}

void pcf8591_dac ( unsigned char dac_value )
{	
	I2CStart();
	I2CSendByte(0x90);
	I2CWaitAck();
	I2CSendByte(0x43);
	I2CWaitAck();
	I2CSendByte(dac_value);
	I2CWaitAck();
	I2CStop();
}

void at24c02_write ( unsigned char addr_value , unsigned char value )
{
	I2CStart();
	I2CSendByte(0xa0);
	I2CWaitAck();
	I2CSendByte(addr_value);
	I2CWaitAck();
	I2CSendByte(value);
	I2CWaitAck();
	I2CStop();
}

/**
//用于测试eeprom是否成功写入
unsigned char at24c02_read ( unsigned char addr_value )
{
	unsigned char tmp;
	I2CStart();
	I2CSendByte(0xa0);
	I2CWaitAck();
	I2CSendByte(addr_value);
	I2CWaitAck();
	
	I2CStart();
	I2CSendByte(0xa1);
	I2CWaitAck();
	tmp = I2CReceiveByte();
	I2CSendAck(1);
	I2CStop();
	
	return tmp;
}
**/

main.c

#include <intrins.h>
#include <REGX51.H>
#include "basecode.h"

sfr CMOD = 0xD9;   //0xxx,x000 PCA 工作模式寄存器
sfr CL = 0xE9;   //0000,0000 PCA计数器低字节
sfr CH = 0xF9;   //0000,0000 PCA计数器高字节
sfr CCON = 0xD8;   //00xx,xx00 PCA控制寄存器
sfr AUXR = 0x8e;
sbit TX = P1^0;
sbit RX = P1^1;
sbit s7 = P3^0;
sbit s6 = P3^1;
sbit s5 = P3^2;
sbit s4 = P3^3;
sbit CF = CCON^7;
sbit CR = CCON^6;

unsigned char SMG_mode = 1;
unsigned char flash_count = 0;
unsigned int dis_fre = 0;
unsigned int dis_k_fre = 0;
unsigned char dis_humidity = 0;
unsigned int dis_distance = 0;
unsigned char param_k_fre = 90;
unsigned char param_m_distance = 60;
unsigned char param_humidity = 40;

void flash_SMG ();

void state_led ( unsigned char value_led )
{
	select_HC573 ( 0 );
	P0 = value_led;	
	select_HC573 ( 4 );
	select_HC573 ( 0 );	
}

unsigned char hc573_5_value = 0x00;
unsigned char value_led = 0xff;
void relay_work( unsigned char relay_flag )
{
	if ( relay_flag == 1 )
		hc573_5_value |= 0x10;
	else
		hc573_5_value &= ~0x10;

	
	P0 = hc573_5_value;	
	select_HC573 ( 5 );
	select_HC573 ( 0 );	
	
}


void motor_work( unsigned char motor_flag )
{
	if ( motor_flag == 1 )
		hc573_5_value |= 0x20;
	else
		hc573_5_value &= ~0x20;

	P0 = hc573_5_value;	
	select_HC573 ( 5 );
	select_HC573 ( 0 );	
}

void Delay14us()		//@11.0592MHz
{
	unsigned char i;

	_nop_();
	i = 36;
	while (--i);
}

void init_pca ()
{
	CMOD = 0x00;
	CCON = 0x00;
}

void send_sonic ()
{
	unsigned char i;
	TR1 = TR0 = 0;
	for ( i=0 ; i<8 ; i++ )
	{
		TX = 1;
		Delay14us();
		TX = 0;
		Delay14us();
	}
	TR1 = TR0 = 1;
}

bit flag_sonic = 0;
void flash_sonic ()
{
	if ( flag_sonic == 1 )
	{
		unsigned int time;
		CL = CH = 0;
		CF = 0;
		send_sonic ();
		CR = 1; 
		while ( RX == 1 && CF == 0 );
		CR = 0;
		if ( RX == 1 )
		{
			dis_distance = 999;
			CF = 0;
			
		}
		else
		{
			time = CH;
			time = (time<<8) | CL;
			dis_distance = (unsigned int)(time*0.0172);
		}
		
		flag_sonic = 0;
		dis_distance = dis_distance;
	}

}

unsigned char rb2_value;
bit flag_rb2 = 0;
void flash_rb2 ()
{
	if ( flag_rb2 == 1 )
	{
		rb2_value = pcf8591_rb2 ();
		flag_rb2 = 0;
	}
}

void init_timer1(void)		//50微秒@12.000MHz
{
	AUXR &= 0xBF;		//定时器时钟12T模式
	TMOD &= 0x0F;		//设置定时器模式
	TL1 = 0xCE;		//设置定时初始值
	TH1 = 0xFF;		//设置定时初始值
	TF1 = 0;		//清除TF1标志
	TR1 = 1;		//定时器1开始计时
	
	ET1 = 1;
	EA = 1;
}

void init_timer0 (void)		
{
	AUXR &= 0x7F;		//定时器时钟12T模式
	TMOD &= 0xF0;		//设置定时器模式
	TMOD |= 0x06;		//设置定时器模式
	TL0 = 0xff;		//设置定时初始值
	TH0 = 0xff;		//设置定时重载值
	TF0 = 0;		//清除TF0标志
	TR0 = 1;		//定时器0开始计时
	
	ET0 = 1;
	EA = 1;
}

unsigned int count_fre = 0;
void timer0_service  () interrupt 1
{
	count_fre ++ ;
}

unsigned char count_50us = 0;
unsigned char count_10ms = 0;
unsigned char count_5ms = 0;
unsigned char count_relay = 0;
//unsigned char count_relay_test = 0x00;//用于数码管，测试eeprom的数据是否写入成功
unsigned char count_motor = 0;
unsigned int count_relay_50us = 0;
bit led_100ms = 0;
bit flag_dac = 0;
bit clear_relay = 0;
bit clear_relay_1s = 0;
bit count_motor_flag = 0;
bit count_relay_flag = 0;
void timer1_service () interrupt 3
{
	if ( ++count_50us == 200 )
	{
		count_50us = 0;
		if ( ++count_10ms == 100 )		
		{
			count_10ms = 0;
			dis_fre = count_fre;
			count_fre = 0;
		}
	}	
	
	if ( count_50us % 100 == 0 )
	{
		count_5ms++;
		
		if ( count_5ms == 200 )
		{
			count_5ms = 0;
			flag_sonic = 1;
		}
		
		if ( count_5ms % 20 == 0 )
			led_100ms = ~led_100ms;
		
		if ( count_5ms % 100 == 0 )     //外设刷新时间控制
		{
			flag_rb2 = 1;			
			flag_dac = 1;
		}
			
	}
	
	if ( count_motor_flag == 1 )
	{
		if ( ++count_motor < 160 )
		{
			motor_work(1);
		}
		else
		{
			motor_work(0);
		}
	}
	else if ( count_motor_flag == 0 )
	{
		if ( ++count_motor < 40 )
		{
			motor_work(1);
		}
		else
		{
			motor_work(0);
		}
	}
	if ( count_motor >= 200 )
	{
		count_motor = 0;
	}
			
		
	if ( clear_relay == 1 )
	{
		if ( ++count_relay_50us > 2000 )
		{
			clear_relay_1s = 1;
		}
	}
		
	if ( count_50us % 40 == 0 )
	{
		if ( SMG_mode == 3 )
		{
			if ( ++flash_count > 2 ) 
			{
				flash_count = 0;
			}
		}
		else if ( SMG_mode == 4 || SMG_mode == 5 || SMG_mode == 7 || SMG_mode == 8 )
		{
			if ( ++flash_count > 3 ) 
			{
				flash_count = 0;
			}
		}
		else if ( SMG_mode == 6 )
		{
			if ( ++flash_count > 4 ) 
			{
				flash_count = 0;
			}
		}
		else if ( SMG_mode == 1 || SMG_mode == 2 )
		{
			if ( ++flash_count == 7 ) 
			{
				flash_count = 0;
			}
		}
		
		flash_SMG ();
		state_led ( value_led );
	}
	
}


void value_running ()
{
	unsigned char temp_dac = 0;
	
	dis_k_fre = dis_fre/100;
	
	if ( rb2_value > 254 )
	{
		dis_humidity =99;
	}
	else
	{
		dis_humidity = (int)(rb2_value/2.55);
	}
	
	if ( dis_humidity > 80 )
	{
		temp_dac = 255;
	}
	else if ( dis_humidity > param_humidity )
	{
		temp_dac = (int)(dis_humidity*(4.0/80-param_humidity));
		value_led &= 0xef;
	}
	else 
	{
		temp_dac = 52;
		value_led |= 0x10;
	}
	pcf8591_dac ( temp_dac );
	flag_dac = 0;
	
	if ( clear_relay == 1 )
	{
		if ( clear_relay_1s == 1 )
		{
			count_relay = 0;
			at24c02_write ( 0x00 , count_relay );
		}
	}
	else 
	{
		clear_relay_1s = 0;
		count_relay_50us = 0;
	}
	
	if ( dis_distance > param_m_distance )
	{
		relay_work( 1 ); 
		value_led &= 0xdf;
		if ( count_relay_flag == 1 )
		{
			count_relay++;
			count_relay_flag = 0;
			at24c02_write ( 0x00 , count_relay );
		}
	}
	else
	{
		relay_work( 0 ); 
		value_led |= 0x20;
		count_relay_flag = 1;
	}
	
	if ( dis_k_fre > param_k_fre )
	{
		count_motor_flag = 1;
		value_led &= 0xf7;
	}
	else 
	{
		count_motor_flag = 0;
		value_led |= 0x08;
	}
	
	//频率界面12 湿度界面3 测距界面45 参数界面678
	if ( SMG_mode == 1 || SMG_mode == 2 )
	{
		value_led |= 0x06;
		if ( led_100ms == 1 )
			value_led &= 0xfe;
		else
			value_led |= 0x01;
	}
	else if ( SMG_mode == 3 )
	{
		value_led |= 0x05;
		if ( led_100ms == 1 )
			value_led &= 0xfd;
		else
			value_led |= 0x02;
	}
	else if (SMG_mode == 4 || SMG_mode == 5 )
	{
		value_led |= 0x03;
		if ( led_100ms == 1 )
			value_led &= 0xfb;
		else
			value_led |= 0x04;
	}
	
	
}




void flash_SMG ()
{
	state_SMG_all ( 0xff );
	if ( SMG_mode == 1 )
	{
		switch ( flash_count )
		{
			case 0:state_SMG ( 0 , duanma[15] );break;
			case 1:
				if ( dis_fre > 99999 )
					state_SMG ( 2 , duanma[dis_k_fre/100000] );
				else
					state_SMG ( 2 , 0xff );
				break;			
			case 2:
				if ( dis_fre > 9999 )
					state_SMG ( 3 , duanma[dis_fre/10000%10] );
				else
					state_SMG ( 3 , 0xff );
				break;
			case 3:
				if ( dis_fre > 999 )
					state_SMG ( 4 , duanma[dis_fre/1000%10] );
				else
					state_SMG ( 4 , 0xff );
				break;			
			case 4:
				if ( dis_fre > 99 )
					state_SMG ( 5 , duanma[dis_fre/100%10] );
				else
					state_SMG ( 5 , 0xff );
				break;	
			case 5:
				if ( dis_fre > 9 )
					state_SMG ( 6 , duanma[dis_fre/10%10] );
				else
					state_SMG ( 6 , 0xff );
				break;	
			case 6:
					state_SMG ( 7 , duanma[dis_fre%10] );
		}		
	}
	else if ( SMG_mode == 2 )
	{
		switch ( flash_count )
		{
			case 0:state_SMG ( 0 , duanma[15] );break;
			case 1:
				if ( dis_k_fre > 9999 )
					state_SMG ( 2 , duanma[dis_k_fre/100000] );
				else
					state_SMG ( 2 , 0xff );
				break;			
			case 2:
				if ( dis_k_fre > 9999 )
					state_SMG ( 3 , duanma[dis_k_fre/10000%10] );
				else
					state_SMG ( 3 , 0xff );
				break;
			case 3:
				if ( dis_k_fre > 999 )
					state_SMG ( 4 , duanma[dis_k_fre/1000%10] );
				else
					state_SMG ( 4 , 0xff );
				break;			
			case 4:
				if ( dis_k_fre > 99 )
					state_SMG ( 5 , duanma[dis_k_fre/100%10] );
				else
					state_SMG ( 5 , 0xff );
				break;	
			case 5:
				if ( dis_k_fre > 9 )
					state_SMG ( 6 , duanma_dot[dis_k_fre/10%10] );
				else if ( dis_k_fre < 10 )
					state_SMG ( 6 , duanma_dot[0] );
				else
					state_SMG ( 6 , 0xff );
				break;	
			case 6:
					state_SMG ( 7 , duanma[dis_k_fre%10] );
		}						
	}
	else if ( SMG_mode == 3 )
	{
		switch ( flash_count )
		{
			case 0:state_SMG ( 0 , duanma[16] );break;
			case 1:state_SMG ( 6 , duanma[dis_humidity/10] );break;
			case 2:state_SMG ( 7 , duanma[dis_humidity%10] );break;
		}		
	}
/**	else if ( SMG_mode == 3 )  //用于测试eeprom的数据是否写入成功
	{
		switch ( flash_count )
		{
			case 0:state_SMG ( 0 , duanma[14] );break;
			case 1:state_SMG ( 6 , duanma[count_relay_test/16] );state_SMG ( 3 , duanma[count_relay/10] );break;
			case 2:state_SMG ( 7 , duanma[count_relay_test%16] );state_SMG ( 4 , duanma[count_relay%10] );break;
		}		
	}**/
	else if ( SMG_mode == 4 )
	{
		switch ( flash_count )
		{
			case 0:state_SMG ( 0 , duanma[10] );break;
			case 1:
				if ( dis_distance > 99 )
					state_SMG ( 5 , duanma[dis_distance/100] );
				else
					state_SMG ( 5 , 0xff );
				break;
			case 2:
				if ( dis_distance > 9 )
					state_SMG ( 6 , duanma[dis_distance/10%10] );
				else
					state_SMG ( 6 , 0xff );
				break;
			case 3:state_SMG ( 7 , duanma[dis_distance%10] );break;
		}		
	}
	else if ( SMG_mode == 5 )
	{
		switch ( flash_count )
		{
			case 0:state_SMG ( 0 , duanma[10] );break;
			case 1:
				if ( dis_distance < 99 )
					state_SMG ( 5 , duanma_dot[0] );
				else
					state_SMG ( 5 , duanma_dot[dis_distance/100] );
				break;
			case 2:state_SMG ( 6 , duanma[dis_distance/10%10] );break;
			case 3:state_SMG ( 7 , duanma[dis_distance%10] );break;
		}				
	}
	else if ( SMG_mode == 6 )
	{
		switch ( flash_count )
		{
			case 0:state_SMG ( 0 , duanma[17] );break;
			case 1:state_SMG ( 1 , duanma[1] );break;
			case 2:
				if ( param_k_fre > 99 )
					state_SMG ( 5 , duanma_dot[param_k_fre/100] );
				else
					state_SMG ( 5 , 0xff );
				break;
			case 3:
				if ( param_k_fre > 9 && param_k_fre < 99 )
					state_SMG ( 6 , duanma_dot[param_k_fre/10%10] );
				else if ( param_k_fre > 99 )
					state_SMG ( 6 , duanma[param_k_fre/10%10] );
				else 
					state_SMG ( 6 , 0xff );
				break;
			case 4:state_SMG ( 7 , duanma[param_k_fre%10] );break;
		}		
		
	}
	else if ( SMG_mode == 7 )
	{
		switch ( flash_count )
		{
			case 0:state_SMG ( 0 , duanma[17] );break;
			case 1:state_SMG ( 1 , duanma[2] );break;
			case 2:state_SMG ( 6 , duanma[param_humidity/10] );break;
			case 3:state_SMG ( 7 , duanma[0] );break;
		}		
	}
	else if ( SMG_mode == 8 )
	{
		switch ( flash_count )
		{
			case 0:state_SMG ( 0 , duanma[17] );break;
			case 1:state_SMG ( 1 , duanma[3] );break;
			case 2:state_SMG ( 6 , duanma_dot[param_m_distance/10] );break;
			case 3:state_SMG ( 7 , duanma[param_m_distance%10] );break;
		}		
	}
}

void Delay2ms()		//@12.000MHz
{
	unsigned char i, j;

	i = 24;
	j = 85;
	do
	{
		while (--j);
	} while (--i);
}

void key_scan ()
{
	if ( s7 == 0 )
	{
		Delay2ms();
		if ( s7 == 0 )
		{
			//频率界面12 湿度界面3 测距界面45 参数界面678
			if ( SMG_mode == 6 )
			{
				param_k_fre -= 5;
				if ( param_k_fre == 5 )
					param_k_fre = 120;
			}
			else if ( SMG_mode == 7 )
			{
				param_humidity -= 10;
				if ( param_humidity == 0 )
					param_humidity = 60;
			}
			else if ( SMG_mode == 8 )
			{
				param_m_distance -= 1;
				if ( param_m_distance == 0 )
					param_m_distance = 12;
			}			
			else if ( SMG_mode == 1 )
			{
				SMG_mode = 2;
			}
			else if ( SMG_mode == 2 )
			{
				SMG_mode = 1;
			}
			else if ( SMG_mode == 3 )
			{
				clear_relay = 1;
			}
			
			while ( s7 == 0 );
			clear_relay = 0;
		}
	}
	else if ( s6 == 0 )
	{
		Delay2ms();
		if ( s6 == 0 )
		{
			//频率界面12 湿度界面3 测距界面45 参数界面678
			if ( SMG_mode == 6 )
			{
				param_k_fre += 5;
				if ( param_k_fre == 125 )
					param_k_fre = 10;
			}
			else if ( SMG_mode == 7 )
			{
				param_humidity += 10;
				if ( param_humidity == 70 )
					param_humidity = 10;
			}
			else if ( SMG_mode == 8 )
			{
				param_m_distance += 1;
				if ( param_m_distance == 13 )
					param_m_distance = 1;
			}
			else if ( SMG_mode == 4 )
			{
				SMG_mode = 5;
			}
			else if ( SMG_mode == 5 )
			{
				SMG_mode = 4;
			}
			while ( s6 == 0 );
		}
	}
	else if ( s5 == 0 )
	{
		Delay2ms();
		if ( s5 == 0 )
		{
			
			switch ( SMG_mode )
			{
				case 6:SMG_mode = 7;break;
				case 7:SMG_mode = 8;break;
				case 8:SMG_mode = 6;break;
			}
			while ( s5	 == 0 );
		}
	}	
	else if ( s4 == 0 )
	{
		Delay2ms();
		if ( s4 == 0 )
		{
			
			switch ( SMG_mode )
			{
				case 1:case 2:
					SMG_mode = 3;break;
				case 3:
					SMG_mode = 4;break;
				case 4:case 5:
					SMG_mode = 6;break;
				case 6:case 7:case 8:
					SMG_mode = 1;break;
			}
			while ( s4 == 0 );
		}
	}
}

void main ()
{
	init_sys ();
	init_timer0 ();
	init_timer1 ();
	init_pca ();
//	at24c02_write ( 0x00 , count_relay );
//	Delay2ms ();
//	count_relay_test = at24c02_read( 0x00 ); //用于测试eeprom是否写入成功
	
	while ( 1 )
	{
		key_scan ();
		value_running ();
		flash_rb2 ();
		flash_sonic ();
	}
}

archie474

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蓝桥杯单片机-国赛6——第13届国赛主观题

涉及锁存器5的部分：relay、buzz、motor……等不要放到while循环里，会造成蜂鸣器暴鸣。而是应该写一个带形参的函数，直接进行调用。DAC输出需要放到while循环里，一直持续的输出才能检测到稳定电压。led的刷新：放在定时计数器里面，每2ms刷新一次比较恰当。涉及超声波的变量，无脑采用unsigned int。继电器和motor端口。
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