示例1:使用requests库发送GET请求
import requests
response = requests.get('https://api.example.com/data')
print(response.status_code)
print(response.json())
输出示例:
200
{'status': 'success', 'data': {...}}
示例2:使用requests库发送POST请求
import requests
import json
payload = {'key1': 'value1', 'key2': 'value2'}
headers = {'content-type': 'application/json'}
response = requests.post('https://api.example.com/endpoint', data=json.dumps(payload), headers=headers)
print(response.status_code)
print(response.text)
输出示例:
201
{"message": "Resource created"}
示例3:使用requests库处理HTTP认证
import requests
response = requests.get('https://api.example.com/protected', auth=('username', 'password'))
print(response.status_code)
print(response.json())
输出示例:
200
{'message': 'Access granted'}
示例4:使用requests库上传文件
import requests
files = {'file': open('example.txt', 'rb')}
response = requests.post('https://api.example.com/upload', files=files)
print(response.status_code)
print(response.text)
输出示例:
200
{"filename": "example.txt"}
示例5:使用requests库处理重定向
import requests
response = requests.get('http://redirect.example.com', allow_redirects=True)
print(response.url)
print(response.status_code)
输出示例:
https://final.example.com
200
示例6:使用unittest框架编写测试用例
import unittest
import requests
class TestAPI(unittest.TestCase):
def test_get_request(self):
response = requests.get('https://api.example.com/data')
self.assertEqual(response.status_code, 200)
if __name__ == '__main__':
unittest.main()
输出示例:
..
----------------------------------------------------------------------
Ran 1 test in 0.001s
OK
示例7:使用pytest框架编写测试用例
import requests
import pytest
def test_post_request():
payload = {'key1': 'value1'}
response = requests.post('https://api.example.com/endpoint', data=payload)
assert response.status_code == 201
# 运行测试:pytest -v test_api.py
输出示例:
test_api.py::test_post_request PASSED
示例8:使用responses库模拟HTTP响应
import responses
import requests
@responses.activate
def test_mock_response():
responses.add(responses.GET, 'https://api.example.com/data', json={'status': 'ok'}, status=200)
response = requests.get('https://api.example.com/data')
assert response.json()['status'] == 'ok'
输出示例:
None (因为这是单元测试内部的断言,没有直接输出)
示例9:使用pytest框架与responses库结合
import pytest
import responses
import requests
@responses.activate
def test_mocked_endpoint():
responses.add(responses.POST, 'https://api.example.com/endpoint', json={'message': 'Mocked'}, status=200)
response = requests.post('https://api.example.com/endpoint')
assert response.json()['message'] == 'Mocked'
# 运行测试:pytest -v test_api.py
输出示例:
test_api.py::test_mocked_endpoint PASSED
示例10:使用jsonschema库验证响应数据结构
import requests
import jsonschema
schema = {
"type": "object",
"properties": {
"status": {"type": "string"},
"data": {"type": "object"}
},
"required": ["status", "data"]
}
def validate_response(response):
try:
jsonschema.validate(instance=response.json(), schema=schema)
print("Response is valid.")
except jsonschema.exceptions.ValidationError as err:
print("Invalid response:", err)
validate_response(requests.get('https://api.example.com/data'))
输出示例:
Response is valid.
这些示例展示了如何使用Python来执行各种接口自动化测试任务,从简单的GET和POST请求到更复杂的认证、文件上传和响应验证。希望这些代码片段能为你的测试工作提供灵感和指导!
请记住,为了运行上述代码示例,你需要确保安装了必要的库,例如requests、unittest、pytest和jsonschema等,并且要替换URL和认证信息为实际的值。
最后感谢每一个认真阅读我文章的人,看着粉丝一路的上涨和关注,礼尚往来总是要有的,虽然不是什么很值钱的东西,如果你用得到的话可以直接拿走!
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