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文章目录
前言
原生 HTML 元素名以小写字母开头,而自定义的 React 类名以大写字母开头,比如 HelloMessage 不能写成 helloMessage。除此之外还需要注意组件类只能包含一个顶层标签,否则也会报错。
提示:以下是本篇文章正文内容,下面案例可供参考
一、React 中的组件
React 中的组件主要分为 函数组件 和 类组件 。
1、函数组件
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8" />
<script src="https://cdn.staticfile.org/react/16.4.0/umd/react.development.js"></script>
<script src="https://cdn.staticfile.org/react-dom/16.4.0/umd/react-dom.development.js"></script>
<script src="https://cdn.staticfile.org/babel-standalone/6.26.0/babel.min.js"></script>
</head>
<body>
<div id="example"></div>
<script type="text/babel">
function HelloMessage(props) {
return <h1>Hello {props.name}!</h1>;
}
const element = <HelloMessage name="123"/>;
ReactDOM.render(
element,
document.getElementById('example')
);
</script>
</body>
</html>
运行结果:
2、类组件
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8" />
<title>React 实例</title>
<script src="https://cdn.staticfile.org/react/16.4.0/umd/react.development.js"></script>
<script src="https://cdn.staticfile.org/react-dom/16.4.0/umd/react-dom.development.js"></script>
<script src="https://cdn.staticfile.org/babel-standalone/6.26.0/babel.min.js"></script>
</head>
<body>
<div id="example"></div>
<script type="text/babel">
class ButtonClick extends React.Component {
constructor(props) {
super(props);
this.state = {
isClickOn: true
}
this.handelClick = this.handelClick.bind(this);
}
handelClick() {
this.setState(prevState => ({
isClickOn: !prevState.isClickOn
}));
}
render() {
return (
<button onClick={this.handelClick}> {this.state.isClickOn ? 'ON' : 'OFF'}</button >
);
}
}
ReactDOM.render(<ButtonClick />, document.getElementById('example'));
</script>
</body>
</html>
二、事件注册
1.“函数组件”注册点击事件
代码如下(示例):
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8" />
<title>React 实例</title>
<script src="https://cdn.staticfile.org/react/16.4.0/umd/react.development.js"></script>
<script src="https://cdn.staticfile.org/react-dom/16.4.0/umd/react-dom.development.js"></script>
<script src="https://cdn.staticfile.org/babel-standalone/6.26.0/babel.min.js"></script>
</head>
<body>
<div id="example"></div>
<script type="text/babel">
function Alink(){
function handleClick(e){
e.preventDefault();// 链接的阻止默认行为
alert("被点击了")
}
return(
<a href="#" onClick={handleClick}>链接</a>
)
}
ReactDOM.render(
<Alink />,
document.getElementById('example')
);
</script>
</body>
</html>
2.“类组件”注册点击事件
代码如下(示例):
(1) 在构造函数中绑定 this
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8" />
<title>React 实例</title>
<script src="https://cdn.staticfile.org/react/16.4.0/umd/react.development.js"></script>
<script src="https://cdn.staticfile.org/react-dom/16.4.0/umd/react-dom.development.js"></script>
<script src="https://cdn.staticfile.org/babel-standalone/6.26.0/babel.min.js"></script>
</head>
<body>
<div id="example"></div>
<script type="text/babel">
class Toggle extends React.Component {
constructor(props) {
super(props);
this.state = {isToggleOn: true};
// 这边绑定是必要的,这样 `this` 才能在回调函数中使用
this.handleClick = this.handleClick.bind(this);
}
handleClick() {
this.setState(prevState => ({
isToggleOn: !prevState.isToggleOn
}));
}
render() {
return (
<button onClick={this.handleClick}>
{this.state.isToggleOn ? 'ON' : 'OFF'}
</button>
);
}
}
ReactDOM.render(
<Toggle />,
document.getElementById('example')
);
</script>
</body>
</html>
(2) 使用“属性初始化器语法”绑定 this
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8" />
<title>React 实例</title>
<script src="https://cdn.staticfile.org/react/16.4.0/umd/react.development.js"></script>
<script src="https://cdn.staticfile.org/react-dom/16.4.0/umd/react-dom.development.js"></script>
<script src="https://cdn.staticfile.org/babel-standalone/6.26.0/babel.min.js"></script>
</head>
<body>
<div id="example"></div>
<script type="text/babel">
class LoggingButton extends React.Component {
// 这个语法确保了 `this` 绑定在 handleClick 中
// 这里只是一个测试
handleClick = () => {
console.log('this is:', this);
}
render() {
return (
<button onClick={this.handleClick}>
Click me
</button>
);
}
}
ReactDOM.render(
<LoggingButton />,
document.getElementById('example')
);
</script>
</body>
</html>
(3) 回调函数中使用“箭头函数”绑定 this
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8" />
<title>React 实例</title>
<script src="https://cdn.staticfile.org/react/16.4.0/umd/react.development.js"></script>
<script src="https://cdn.staticfile.org/react-dom/16.4.0/umd/react-dom.development.js"></script>
<script src="https://cdn.staticfile.org/babel-standalone/6.26.0/babel.min.js"></script>
</head>
<body>
<div id="example"></div>
<script type="text/babel">
class LoggingButton extends React.Component {
handleClick() {
console.log('this is:', this);
}
render() {
// 这个语法确保了 `this` 绑定在 handleClick 中
return (
<button onClick={(e) => this.handleClick(e)}>
Click me
</button>
);
}
}
ReactDOM.render(
<LoggingButton />,
document.getElementById('example')
);
</script>
</body>
</html>