小甲鱼-虚继承

虚继承是解决C++多重继承问题的一种手段，从不同途径继承来的同一基类，会在子类中存在多份拷贝。这将存在两个问题：其一，浪费存储空间；第二，存在二义性问题，通常可以将派生类对象的地址赋值给基类对象，实现的具体方式是，将基类指针指向继承类（继承类有基类的拷贝）中的基类对象的地址，但是多重继承可能存在一个基类的多份拷贝，这就出现了二义性。
虚继承主要解决多继承中出现变量访问不明确的问题；

在一般的多重继承中，D继承来自B,C。而B,C都继承自C，因此在D中出现了2次A,

为了节省空间，可以将B,C对A的继承设定为虚拟继承，A就变成了虚拟基类
解决方法：

1.用类名+::来解决；

2.虚继承；

#include<iostream>
#include<string>
using namespace std;

class Person
{
public:
	Person(string theName);
	
	void introduce();
protected:
	string name;
};

class Teacher:virtual public Person
{
public:
	Teacher(string theName,string theClass);
	void teach();
	void introduce();
protected:
	string classes;
};
class Student:virtual public Person
{
public:
	Student(string theName,string theClass);
	void attendClass();
	void introduce();
protected:
	string classes;
};

class TeachingStudent:public Student,public Teacher
{
public:
	TeachingStudent(string theName,string classTeaching,string classAttending);
	void introduce();
};
Person::Person(string theName)
{
	name=theName;
}
void Person::introduce()
{
	cout<<"大家好,我是"<<name<<". \n\n";
}

Teacher::Teacher(string theName,string theClass):Person(theName)
{
	classes=theClass;
}

void Teacher::teach()
{
	cout<<name<<"教"<<classes<<endl;
}

void Teacher::introduce()
{
	cout<<"大家好,我是"<<name<<",我教"<<classes<<endl;
}

Student::Student(string theName,string theClass):Person(theName)
{
	classes=theClass;
}

void Student::attendClass()
{
	cout<<name<<"加入"<<classes<<"学习"<<endl;
}

void Student::introduce()
{
	cout<<"大家好,我是"<<name<<",我在"<<classes<<"学习"<<endl;
}

TeachingStudent::TeachingStudent(string theName,string classTeaching,string classAttending):Teacher(theName,classTeaching),Student(theName,classAttending),Person(theName)
{
}

void TeachingStudent::introduce()
{
	cout<<"大家好，我是"<<Student::name<<",我教"<<Teacher::classes<<endl;
	cout<<"同时我在"<<Student::classes<<"学习"<<endl;
}

int main()
{
	Teacher teacher("周帅~","C++入门班");
	Student student("段莉~","C++进阶班");

	TeachingStudent teachingStudent("周锻~","C++入门班","C++进阶班");
	teacher.introduce();
	teacher.teach();
	student.introduce();
	student.attendClass();
	teachingStudent.introduce();
	teachingStudent.teach();
	teachingStudent.attendClass();

	return 0;

}