(3)UML

an object repersents an entity, either physical, conceptual or software

an object has state
an object has behavior
an object has identity

basic principles of object orientation:
abstraction
encapsulation(封装)
modularity(模块化)
hierarchy(等级制)

an object is represented as a rectangle with an underlined name
just like this

a class is represented using a rectangle with three compartments:
the class name
the structure(attributes)
the behavior(operations)

attributes


operations:

polymorphism(多态)
generalization

package:
organize elements into groups

diagram depiction

规格说明：
元素的特征和语义的文本描述

修饰：
建模元素暴露的信息项以表现某个要点

公共分类：
类元：classifier 和 实例

扩展机制：
约束：形式：{约束条件}
构造型（stereotypes）：基于已有的建模元素引入新的建模元素
标记值：形式：{属性名=值}

构架（architecture）

参考资料：
https://www.icourse163.org/learn/ZNUEDU-1002531022?tid=1450202441#/learn/content?type=detail&id=1214341160&cid=1217927444