会话跟踪技术
·会话:用户打开浏览器,访问web服务器的资源,会话建立,直到有一方断开连接,会话结束。在一次会话中可以包含多次请求和响应。
·会话跟踪:一种维护浏览器状态的方法,服务器需要识别多次请求是否来自同一浏览器,以便在同一会话的多次请求间共享数据。
·HTTP协议是无状态的,每次浏览器向服务器请求时,服务器都会将该请求视为新的请求,因此,需要会话跟踪技术来实现会话内数据共享。
Cookie基本使用
Cookie原理
Cookie的实现是基于HTTP协议的
响应头:set-cookie
请求头:cookie
Cookie使用细节
·cookie存活时间
默认情况下,Cookie存储在浏览器内存中,当浏览器关闭,内存释放,则Cookie被销毁。
Cookie存储中文
·Cookie不能直接存储中文
·如果需要存中文,需要使用url编码
代码如下:
AServlet.java
package com.itheima.web;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.annotation.WebServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.Cookie;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.net.URLEncoder;
/**
* @Description: TODO
* @author: scott
* @date: 2022年03月01日 12:59
*/
@WebServlet("/aServlet")
public class AServlet extends HttpServlet {
@Override
protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
String value ="张三";
value = URLEncoder.encode(value,"utf-8");
Cookie cookie = new Cookie("username",value);
resp.addCookie(cookie);
}
@Override
protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
this.doGet(req,resp);
}
}
BServlet.java
package com.itheima.web;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.annotation.WebServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.Cookie;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.net.URLDecoder;
/**
* @Description: TODO
* @author: scott
* @date: 2022年03月01日 12:59
*/
@WebServlet("/bServlet")
public class BServlet extends HttpServlet {
@Override
protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
Cookie[] cookies = req.getCookies();
for (Cookie cookie : cookies) {
String name = cookie.getName();
if("username".equals(name)){
String value = cookie.getValue();
value = URLDecoder.decode(value,"UTF-8");
System.out.println(name+":"+value);
break;
}
}
}
@Override
protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
this.doGet(req,resp);
}
}