【Spring】xml配置文件常用的头约束

        在Spring开发开发过程中，我们经常需要借助xml配置文件实现对于Spring相关配置的引入，很多人常常在使用的xml配置的时候不知道该引入什么样的头约束，下面就给大家提供下经常使用的一些框架的头约束。

一、Spring对xml文件的校验

Spring文件中的头部引用的xsd文件是用于校验xml文件的格式用的。

1.1、Spring是如何校验XML的

        Spring默认在启动时是要加载xsd文件来验证xml文件的，如果有的时候断网了，或者一些开源软件切换域名，那么就很容易碰到应用启动不了。为了防止这种情况，Spring提供了一种机制，默认从本地加载XSD文件。

例如：可以打开spring-context-4.3.4.RELEASE.jar，进入org/springframework/context/config/目录，可以看到如下所示：

 

1.2、Spring中的xsd文件带版本号与不带版本号的区别

        不带版本号，它会自动使用JAR中最新的xsd；这样以后升级Spring版本的时候，你的配置文件不用再手动改动。Spring的配置里,最好不要配置xsd文件的版本号。

        另外如果没有配置版本号，取的就是当前jar里的xsd文件，减少了各种风险。其实，最大的好处是，当你升级了Spring的jar，该配置文件的xsd声明部分也不用改，会自动找到最新的本地jar里的xsd声明。Spring做了特殊处理，保证断网的情况下不写xsd版本号，能找到本地的jar文件。

二、常见的xml头文件约束

2.1、spring-mvc

<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans" 
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc" 
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
	   http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
	   http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc
	   http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc.xsd">
</beans>

2.2、spring-aop

<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans" 
	xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
	xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop" 
	xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
	   http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
	   http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop
	   http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop.xsd">
</beans>

2.3、spring-tx

<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans" 
	xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" 
	xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx"
	xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
	   http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
	   http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx
	   http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx.xsd">
</beans>

2.4、spring-context

<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans" 
	xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
	xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context" 
	xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
	   http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
       http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
       http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd">
</beans>

2.5、spring-task

<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans" 
	xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
　　xmlns:task="http://www.springframework.org/schema/task"
	xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
	   http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
	   http://www.springframework.org/schema/task
	   http://www.springframework.org/schema/task/spring-task.xsd">
</beans>

2.6、spring-cache

<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans" 
	xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
    xmlns:cache="http://www.springframework.org/schema/cache"
	xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
	   http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
	   http://www.springframework.org/schema/cache
	   http://www.springframework.org/schema/cache/spring-cache.xsd
</beans>

2.7、spring-jdbc

<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans" 
	xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
    xmlns:jdbc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/jdbc"
	xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
	   http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
	   http://www.springframework.org/schema/jdbc
	   http://www.springframework.org/schema/jdbc/spring-jdbc.xsd
</beans>

2.8、P命名空间

<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans" 
	xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
    xmlns:p="http://www.springframework.org/schema/p"
	xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
	   http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
</beans>

 2.9、spring-jee

<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans" 
	xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
	xmlns:jee="http://www.springframework.org/schema/jee"
	xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
	   http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
	   http://www.springframework.org/schema/jee
	   http://www.springframework.org/schema/jee/spring-jee.xsd    
</beans>

2.10、spring-jms

<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans" 
	xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
	xmlns:jms="http://www.springframework.org/schema/jms"
	xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
	   http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
	   http://www.springframework.org/schema/jms
	   http://www.springframework.org/schema/jms/spring-jms.xsd
</beans>

2.11、spring-lang

<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans" 
	xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
	xmlns:lang="http://www.springframework.org/schema/lang"
	xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
	   http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
	   http://www.springframework.org/schema/lang
	   http://www.springframework.org/schema/lang/spring-lang.xsd    
</beans>

2.12、spring-oxm

<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans" 
	xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
	xmlns:oxm="http://www.springframework.org/schema/oxm"
	xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
	   http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
	   http://www.springframework.org/schema/oxm
	   http://www.springframework.org/schema/oxm/spring-oxm.xsd    
</beans>

2.13、spring-util

<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans" 
	xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
	xmlns:util="http://www.springframework.org/schema/util"
	xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
	   http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
	   http://www.springframework.org/schema/util
	   http://www.springframework.org/schema/util/spring-util.xsd">
</beans>

三、总结

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
    xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"
    xmlns:cache="http://www.springframework.org/schema/cache"
    xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
    xmlns:jdbc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/jdbc" xmlns:jee="http://www.springframework.org/schema/jee"
    xmlns:jms="http://www.springframework.org/schema/jms" xmlns:lang="http://www.springframework.org/schema/lang"
    xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc" xmlns:oxm="http://www.springframework.org/schema/oxm"
    xmlns:p="http://www.springframework.org/schema/p" xmlns:task="http://www.springframework.org/schema/task"
    xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx" xmlns:util="http://www.springframework.org/schema/util"
    xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd    
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop.xsd    
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/cache http://www.springframework.org/schema/cache/spring-cache.xsd    
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd    
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/jdbc http://www.springframework.org/schema/jdbc/spring-jdbc.xsd    
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/jee http://www.springframework.org/schema/jee/spring-jee.xsd    
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/jms http://www.springframework.org/schema/jms/spring-jms.xsd    
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/lang http://www.springframework.org/schema/lang/spring-lang.xsd    
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc.xsd    
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/oxm http://www.springframework.org/schema/oxm/spring-oxm.xsd    
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/task http://www.springframework.org/schema/task/spring-task.xsd    
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx.xsd    
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/util http://www.springframework.org/schema/util/spring-util.xsd">
</beans>