Matlab基础知识三

Matlab笔记

1.Function

>> edit(which('mean.m'))

​ 如何构建一个function

​ 构建function目的就是方便以后调用这个方法.

​ 注: 这里使用的是.*

运行结果如下:

function x=freebody(x0,v0,t)
x=x0+v0.*t+1/2*9.8*t.*t;

>> freebody(0,0,10)
ans =
   490
>> cos(10)
ans =
   -0.8391

function [a F]=acc(v2,v1,t2,t1,m)
a=(v2-v1)./(t2-t1);
F=m.*a;

>> [ACC Force]=acc(20,10,5,4,1)
ACC =
    10
Force =
    10

默认变量

Function Handles

>> f=@(x) exp(-2*x);
>> x=0:0.1:2;
plot(x,f(x));

2.变量与存储

Variable(Data) Type Conversion

>> A=10
A =
    10
>> b=int8(20)
b =
   20

①char 字符

输入以下代码,会显示出该变量的类型.

>>s2='h';
whos

uint16(),会把该字符在ASCLL表中的值显示出来.

>> uint16(s1)
ans =
    104

②String 字符串

>> s1='example'
s1 =
example
>> s2='String'
s2 =
String
>> s3=[s1 s2]
s3 =
exampleString

>> a='123';
>> b='001';
>> s=[a;b]
s =
123
001

[…]显示结果[…];[.;.]显示结果为矩阵.

③逻辑操作符

>> str='aardsjsiwk'
str =
aardsjsiwk

>> str(4)
ans =
d

>>'a'==str
ans =
     1     1     0     0     0     0     0     0     0     0
>> 's'==str
ans =
     0     0     0     0     1     0     1     0     0     0

>> str(str=='a')='Z'
str =
ZZrdsjsiwk

④Structure

>> student.name='john';
>> student.sex='boy';
>> student.number='123001';
>> student.grade=[100 99 98 78 89 90];
>> student

student = 
      name: 'john'
       sex: 'boy'
    number: '123001'
     grade: [100 99 98 78 89 90]

>> student.grade=[100 99 98 78 89 90];
>> student.grade(3)

ans =
    98

fieldnames() 结构体中文件的名称，例fieldnames(student)

rmfield() 移除结构体中某一项，例rmfield(student,‘name’)

>> A=struct('data',[1 2 4;5 8 9],'nest',...
struct('testnum','Test 1',...
'xdata',[2 3 4],'ydata',[7 9 7]));
>> A(2).data=[0 9 8;7 8 5];
>> A(2).nest.testnum='Test 2';
>> A(2).nest.xdata=[2 3 4];
>> A(2).nest.ydata=[1 1 1];
>> A.nest

ans = 
    testnum: 'Test 1'
      xdata: [2 3 4]
      ydata: [7 9 7]

ans = 
    testnum: 'Test 2'
      xdata: [2 3 4]
      ydata: [1 1 1]

⑤Cell Array 分块矩阵

整体矩阵分块的话用**()**；

>> A(1,1)={'This is the first'};
A(1,2)={[5+j*6,4+j*5]};
A(2,1)={[1 2 3;4 5 6;7 8 9]};
A(2,2)={{'Tim','Chris'}};
A

A = 
    'This is the first'    [1x2 double]
           [3x3 double]    {1x2 cell  }

读cell array中的详细内容，用**{}**；

>> B=A{1,1}

B =
This is the first

{}后加(),可以把分块矩阵内容里具体信息显示出来

>> C=A{1,1}(1,1)

C =
T

>> C=A{2,2}(1,1)

C = 
    'Tim'

magic()、num2cell()、mat2cell()

>> a=magic(3)
b=num2cell(a)
c=mat2cell(a,[1 1 1],3)

a =
     8     1     6
     3     5     7
     4     9     2
b = 
    [8]    [1]    [6]
    [3]    [5]    [7]
    [4]    [9]    [2]
c = 

    [1x3 double]
    [1x3 double]
    [1x3 double]
>> D=c{3,1}

D =
     4     9     2
>> D=c{3,1}(3)

D =
     2

>> A{1,1,1}=[1 2;4 5];
A{1,2,1}='Name';
A{2,1,1}=2-4i;
A{2,1,2}=7;
A{1,1,2}='Name2';
A{1,2,2}=3;
A{2,1,2}=0:1:3;
A{2,2,2}=[4 5];
>> A
A(:,:,1) = 
          [2x2 double]    'Name'    
    [2.0000 - 4.0000i]    {1x2 cell}


A(:,:,2) = 
    'Name2'         [         3]
    [1x4 double]    [1x2 double]

⑥Cat()

>> A=[1 2;3 4];
B=[2 3;89 9];
C=cat(3,A,B)

C(:,:,1) =
     1     2
     3     4

C(:,:,2) =
     2     3
    89     9

>> C=cat(1,A,B)

C =
     1     2
     3     4
     2     3
    89     9

>> C=cat(2,A,B)

C =
     1     2     2     3
     3     4    89     9

⑦reshape()

>>A={'James Bond',[1 2 3;2 3 4;5 5 6];pi,magic(5)}
C=reshape(A,1,4)

A = 
    'James Bond'    [3x3 double]
    [    3.1416]    [5x5 double]

C = 
    'James Bond'    [3.1416]    [3x3 double]    [5x5 double]

>> A=[1:3;4:6]

A =
     1     2     3
     4     5     6
     
>> D=reshape(A,3,2)

D =
     1     5
     4     3
     2     6

File Access存储

load、save、xlsread、xlswrite

save() and load() 存储与读取

xlsread() 读取表格中去掉文字的部分

xlswrite() 把数据写入表格

输出数据

>> Score=xlsread('04Score.xls','B2:D5')

Score =

   100    98    98
    99    78    90
   100    89    88
    99    89    80
 
>> M=mean(Score')';
>> xlswrite('04Score.xls',M,1,'E2:E5');
>> xlswrite('04Score.xls',{'mean'},1,'E1')

输出标题和内容

>> [Score Header]=xlsread('04Score.xls')

Score =
  100.0000   98.0000   98.0000   98.6667
   99.0000   78.0000   90.0000   89.0000
  100.0000   89.0000   88.0000   92.3333
   99.0000   89.0000   80.0000   89.3333

Header = 
    '姓名'    '语文'    '数学'    '英语'    'mean'
    '丽丽'    ''        ''        ''        ''    
    '机虎'    ''        ''        ''        ''    
    '积极'    ''        ''        ''        ''    
    '谷歌'    ''        ''        ''        ''    

File Input/Output

fid

把数据写入文件

从文件中读取数据