C++ 泛型矩阵 的 运算符重载

目的

1. 泛型为了实现int、double等矩阵的运算。

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问题

1. 运算符重载时，两个不同类型、行数、列数的矩阵如何实现用泛型记录类型？这里采用模板+友元函数的方式实现。

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代码

#include <iostream>
#include <vector>

using namespace std;

template<typename T, int r, int c>
class TMatrix{
public:
    TMatrix() : row(r), colum(c), elem(r, vector<T>(c)) {}

    TMatrix(T e[]) : row(r), colum(c), elem(r, vector<T>(c)) {
        for(int i = 0; i < row; i++){
            for(int j = 0; j < colum; j++){
                elem[i][j] = e[i * colum + j];
            }
        }
    }
    
    template<typename T1, int r1, int c1, typename T2, int r2, int c2>
    friend TMatrix<T1, r1, c1> operator+(const TMatrix<T1, r1, c1>& t1, const TMatrix<T2, r2, c2>& t2);

    template<typename T1, int r1, int c1, typename T2, int r2, int c2>
    friend TMatrix<T1, r1, c2> operator*(const TMatrix<T1, r1, c1>& m1, const TMatrix<T2, r2, c2>& m2);
    
    template<typename T1, int r1, int c1>
    friend void printMatrix(const TMatrix<T1, r1, c1>& m);

protected:
    int row, colum;    
    vector<vector<T>> elem;
};

template<typename T1, int r1, int c1, typename T2, int r2, int c2>
TMatrix<T1, r1, c1> operator+(const TMatrix<T1, r1, c1>& t1, const TMatrix<T2, r2, c2>& t2){
    T1 e1; T2 e2;
    TMatrix<decltype(e1 * e2), r1, c1> m3;
    
    if(r1 == 0 || c1 == 0 || !(r1 == r2 && c1 == c2)){
        return m3;
    }
    
    for(int i = 0; i < r1; i++){
        for(int j = 0; j < c1; j++){
            m3.elem[i][j] = t1.elem[i][j] + t2.elem[i][j];
        }
    }
    return m3;
}

template<typename T1, int r1, int c1, typename T2, int r2, int c2>
TMatrix<T1, r1, c2> operator*(const TMatrix<T1, r1, c1>& m1, const TMatrix<T2, r2, c2>& m2){
    T1 e1; T2 e2;
    decltype(e1 * e2) val;
    TMatrix<decltype(val), r1, c2> m3;  // 定义相乘类型的矩阵
    
    if(r1 == 0 || c2 == 0 || c1 == 0 || r1 == 0 || m1.colum != m2.row){
        return m3;
    }
    
    for(int i = 0; i < r1; i++){
        for(int j = 0; j < c2; j++){
            val = 0;
            
            for(int k = 0; k < c1; k++){
                val += m1.elem[i][k] * m2.elem[k][j];
            }
            m3.elem[i][j] = val;
        }
    }
    return m3;
}
    
template<typename T1, int r1, int c1>
void printMatrix(const TMatrix<T1, r1, c1>& m){
    for(int i = 0; i < r1; i++){
        for(int j = 0; j < c1; j++){
            cout << m.elem[i][j] << " ";
        }
        cout << endl;
    }
    cout << endl;
}

int main()
{
    double a[] = {1.5, 2, 3, 4.2, 5, 6};
    TMatrix<double, 3, 2> t1(a);
    TMatrix<double, 3, 2> t2(a);
    TMatrix<double, 3, 2> t3(a);
    TMatrix<double, 2, 3> t4(a);
    
    printMatrix(t1 + t2);
    cout << endl;
    printMatrix(t3 * t4);
        
    cout << "Hello" << endl;
    return 0;
}