Dungeon Master---dfs

本文深入探讨了在一个三维迷宫中寻找最快逃脱路径的算法。通过深度优先搜索(DFS)策略,文章详细解释了如何从起点到终点进行路径寻觅,并记录最短逃脱时间。在限定的时间和空间内,该算法能有效判断是否可以成功逃脱,为迷宫游戏设计提供了一种可行的解决方案。
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You are trapped in a 3D dungeon and need to find the quickest way out! The dungeon is composed of unit cubes which may or may not be filled with rock. It takes one minute to move one unit north, south, east, west, up or down. You cannot move diagonally and the maze is surrounded by solid rock on all sides.

Is an escape possible? If yes, how long will it take?

Input

The input consists of a number of dungeons. Each dungeon description starts with a line containing three integers L, R and C (all limited to 30 in size).
L is the number of levels making up the dungeon.
R and C are the number of rows and columns making up the plan of each level.
Then there will follow L blocks of R lines each containing C characters. Each character describes one cell of the dungeon. A cell full of rock is indicated by a '#' and empty cells are represented by a '.'. Your starting position is indicated by 'S' and the exit by the letter 'E'. There's a single blank line after each level. Input is terminated by three zeroes for L, R and C.

Output

Each maze generates one line of output. If it is possible to reach the exit, print a line of the form

Escaped in x minute(s).


where x is replaced by the shortest time it takes to escape.
If it is not possible to escape, print the line

Trapped!

Sample Input

3 4 5
S....
.###.
.##..
###.#

#####
#####
##.##
##...

#####
#####
#.###
####E

1 3 3
S##
#E#
###

0 0 0

Sample Output

Escaped in 11 minute(s).
Trapped!
#include<iostream>
#include<string.h>
using namespace std;
char g[34][34][34];int book[34][34][34];
int xend,yend,zend,minn,a,b,c,step;
const int r[6][3]={{1,0,0},{0,1,0},{0,0,1},{-1,0,0},{0,-1,0},{0,0,-1}};
void dfs(int x,int y,int z,int step)
{
	if(x == xend && y == yend && z == zend)
	{
		if(minn > step)
		{
			minn = step;
		}
		return ;
	}
	for(int i = 0;i < 6;i++)
	{
		int dx = x + r[i][0];
		int dy = y + r[i][1];
		int dz = z + r[i][2];
		if(dx < 0||dx > a || dy < 0 || dy > b || dz > c || dz < 0)
		{
			continue;
		}
		if(g[dx][dy][dz] == '.' && book[dx][dy][dz] == 0)
		{
			book[dx][dy][dz] = 1;
			dfs(dx,dy,dz,step+1);
			book[dx][dy][dz] =0;
		}
	}	
}
int main()
{
	int xstart,ystart,zstart;
	while(1)
	{
		minn=999999;
		scanf("%d%d%d", &a, &b, &c);
		memset(book, 0, sizeof(book));
		if(!(a || b || c))
		{
			break;
		}
		for(int i = 1;i <= a;i++)
		{
			for(int j = 1;j <= b;j++)
			{
				for(int r = 1;r <= c;r++)
				{
					cin>>g[i][j][r];
					if(g[i][j][r] == 'S' )
					{
						 xstart = i;
						 ystart = j;
						 zstart = r;
					}
					if(g[i][j][r] == 'E')
					{
						xend = i;
						yend = j;
						zend = r;g[i][j][r] = '.';
					}
				}
			}
		}
		getchar();
		g[xstart][ystart][zstart]='#';
		dfs(xstart,ystart,zstart,step);
		if(minn == 999999)
		{
			printf("Trapped!\n");
		}
		else{
			printf("Escaped in %d minute(s).\n",minn);
		}
	}
	return 0;
 } 

 

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