Java基础——多态数组

多态数组

数组的定义类型为父类类型，里面保存的实际元素类型为子类类型
应用实例：现有一个继承结构如下：

要求创建1个Person对象、2个Student对象和2个Teacher对象。

package day03;

public class Demo1 {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Person[] persons = new Person[5];
        persons[0] = new Person("Tom1", 18);
        persons[1] = new Student("Tom2", 19, 89.0);
        persons[2] = new Student("Tom3", 20, 99.0);
        persons[3] = new Teacher("Tom4", 21, 10000.0);
        persons[4] = new Teacher("Tom5", 22, 15000.0);

        for (int i = 0; i < persons.length; i++) {
            System.out.println(persons[i]);
        }
    }
}
class Person{

    private String name;
    private int age;

    public Person(String name, int age) {
        this.name = name;
        this.age = age;
    }

    public String getName() {
        return name;
    }

    public void setName(String name) {
        this.name = name;
    }

    public int getAge() {
        return age;
    }

    public void setAge(int age) {
        this.age = age;
    }

    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return "name='" + name + ", age=" + age;
    }
}
class Student extends Person{
    private double score;

    public Student(String name, int age, double score) {
        super(name, age);
        this.score = score;
    }

    public double getScore() {
        return score;
    }

    public void setScore(double score) {
        this.score = score;
    }

    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return "学生 " + super.toString() + ", score = " + score;
    }
}
class Teacher extends Person{
    private double salary;

    public Teacher(String name, int age, double salary) {
        super(name, age);
        this.salary = salary;
    }

    public double getSalary() {
        return salary;
    }

    public void setSalary(double salary) {
        this.salary = salary;
    }

    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return "老师 " + super.toString() + ", salary = " + salary;
    }
}

// 给 Student 类和 Teacher 类分别添加 study() 方法和 teach() 方法
// 此时如果要输出 study 和 teach 方法，就通过 instanceof 方法进行判断，然后向下转型来调用子类独有的方法。

package day03;

public class Demo1 {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Person[] persons = new Person[5];
        persons[0] = new Person("Tom1", 18);
        persons[1] = new Student("Tom2", 19, 89.0);
        persons[2] = new Student("Tom3", 20, 99.0);
        persons[3] = new Teacher("Tom4", 21, 10000.0);
        persons[4] = new Teacher("Tom5", 22, 15000.0);

        for (int i = 0; i < persons.length; i++) {
            System.out.println(persons[i]);
            if(persons[i] instanceof  Student){
                ((Student)persons[i]).study();
            }else if(persons[i] instanceof Teacher){
                ((Teacher)persons[i]).teach();
            }else if(persons[i] instanceof Person){

            }else {
                System.out.println("类型有误！");
            }
        }
    }
}
class Person{

    private String name;
    private int age;

    public Person(String name, int age) {
        this.name = name;
        this.age = age;
    }

    public String getName() {
        return name;
    }

    public void setName(String name) {
        this.name = name;
    }

    public int getAge() {
        return age;
    }

    public void setAge(int age) {
        this.age = age;
    }

    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return "name='" + name + ", age=" + age;
    }
}
class Student extends Person{
    private double score;

    public Student(String name, int age, double score) {
        super(name, age);
        this.score = score;
    }

    public double getScore() {
        return score;
    }

    public void setScore(double score) {
        this.score = score;
    }

    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return "学生 " + super.toString() + ", score = " + score;
    }

    public void study(){
        System.out.println("学生 " + getName() + " 正在学习Java课程");
    }

}
class Teacher extends Person{
    private double salary;

    public Teacher(String name, int age, double salary) {
        super(name, age);
        this.salary = salary;
    }

    public double getSalary() {
        return salary;
    }

    public void setSalary(double salary) {
        this.salary = salary;
    }

    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return "老师 " + super.toString() + ", salary = " + salary;
    }

    public void teach(){
        System.out.println("老师 " + getName() + " 正在讲授Java课程");
    }
}