Ansible中的任务执行控制

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提示：以下是本篇文章正文内容，下面案例可供参考

一、循环

#循环迭代任务#

简单循环

loop: ##赋值列表
- value1
- value2
- ...
{{item}} ##迭代变量名称

#实例#
---
- name: create file
	hosts: 172.25.0.254
	tasks:
		- name: file module
		  file:
				name: /mnt/{{item}}
				state: present
		loop:
			- westos_file1
			- westos_file2

循环散列或字典列表

---
- name: create file
	hosts: 172.25.0.254
	tasks:
		- name: file module
			service:
				name: "{{ item.name}}"
				state: "{{ item.state }}"
			loop:
				- name: httpd
					state: started
				- name: vsftpd
					state: stopped

练习——配置apache虚拟主机

二. 条件

when:
- 条件1
- 条件2
#条件判断#
= 								value == "字符串",value == 数字
< 								value < 数字
> 								value > 数字
<=								value <= 数字
>= 								value >= 数字
!= 								value != 数字
is defined value 			value is defined 				变量存在
is not defined 				value is not defined 		    变量不存在
in 							value is in value 				变量为
not in 						value is not in value 			变量不为
bool变量 为true    			value 							value的值为true
bool变量 false 				not value 						value的值为false
							value in value2 				value的值在value2列表中

#多条条件组合#
when：
条件1 and 条件2
- 条件1
- 条件2
when:
 条件1 or 条件2
when: >
 条件1
 or
 条件2

练习——建立用户组及用户

建立用户组 shengchan-8888，caiwu----6666，jishu—5555
建立用户westos ，id 2000，附加组为caiwu
建立tab ，id 2001，附加组为技术
建立lee ，id 2002，附加组为生产

练习——判断文件类型

练习——lvm

测试题：
建立playbook ~/ansibles/lvm.yml要求如下:
*建立大小为1500M名为exam_lvm的lvm 在westos组中
*如果westos不存在请输出:
vg westos is not exist
*如果westos大小不足1500M请输出：
vg westos is less then 1500M
并建立800M大小的lvm

三、触发器

notify: 		触发器当遇到更改时触发handlers
handlers： 		触发器触发后执行的动作

#实例#
---
- name: create virtualhost for web server
  hosts: 172.25.0.254
  vars_files:
    ./vhost_list.yml
  tasks:
    - name: create document
      file:
        path: "{{web2.document}}"
		state: directory
    - name: create vhost.conf
      copy:
        dest: /etc/httpd/conf.d/vhost.conf
        content:
          "<VirtualHost *:{{web1.port}}>\n\tServerName {{web1.name}}\n\tDocumentRoot
{{web1.document}}\n\tCustomLog logs/{{web1.name}}.log combined\n</VirtualHost>\n\n<VirtualHost *:
{{web2.port}}>\n\tServerName {{web2.name}}\n\tDocumentRoot {{web2.document}}\n\tCustomLog logs/
{{web2.name}}.log combined\n</VirtualHost>"
      notify:
        restart apache
      handlers:
        - name: restart apache
          service:
            name: httpd
            state: restarted

四.处理失败任务

ignore_errors

作用：当play遇到任务失败时会终止
ignore_errors: yes 将会忽略任务失败使下面的任务继续运行

#实例#
- name: test
  dnf:
    name: westos
    state: latest
  ignore_errors: yes
- name: create file
  file:
    path: /mnt/westos
    state: touch

force_handlers

作用：当任务失败后play被终止也会调用触发器进程

---
- name: apache change port
  hosts: 172.25.0.254
  force_handlers: yes
  vars:
    http_port: 80
  tasks:
    - name: configure apache conf file
      lineinfile:
        path: /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf
        regexp: "^Listen"
        line: "Listen {{ http_port }}"
      notify: restart apache
    - name: install error
      dnf:
	    name: westos
		state: latest
       handlers:
		 - name: restart apache
 		   service:
			 name: httpd
			 state: restarted
			 enabled: yes

changed_when

作用：控制任务在何时报告它已进行更改

---
- name: apache change port
  hosts: 172.25.0.254
  force_handlers: yes
  vars:
    http_port: 8080
  tasks:
    - name: configure apache conf file
      lineinfile:
        path: /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf
        regexp: "^Listen"
        line: "Listen {{ http_port }}"
      changed_when: true
      notify: restart apache
      handlers:
        - name: restart apache
          service:
            name: httpd
			state: restarted
			enabled: yes

failed_when

当符合条件时强制任务失败

---
- name: test
  hosts: 172.25.0.254
  tasks:
- name: shell
  shell: echo hello
  register: westos
  failed_when: "'hello' in westos.stdout"

block

block: ##定义要运行的任务
rescue: ##定义当block句子中出现失败任务后运行的任务
always： ##定义最终独立运行的任务

练习——创建lvm并挂载

建立playbook ~/westos.yml要求如下:
建立大小为1500M名为/dev/vdb1的设备
如果/dev/vdb不存在请输入:
/dev/vdb is not exist
如果/dev/vdb大小不足2G请输出：
/dev/vdb is less then 2G
并建立800M大小的/dev/vdb1
此设备挂载到/westos上

方法一：

方法二：