创建型——单例模式

作用及其适用场景

表示全局唯一类

递增id生成器

处理资源冲突

并发调用同一个文件时的读写覆盖

常见写法

饿汉式

public class Logger{
	private static final Logger instance = new Logger();

	private Logger(){}

	public static Logger getInstance() {
		return instance;
	}
}

懒汉式

public class Logger{
	private static Logger instance;

	private Logger(){}

	public synchronized static Logger getInstance(
		if (instance == null) {
			instance = new Logger();
		}
		return instance
	);
}

双重检测

public class Logger{
	// private static volatile Logger instance; 有些文章里会给成员变量加上 volatile 关键字，防止指令重排（低版本java中，对象new操作与初始化不是一个原子操作，高版本进行了优化，所以不需要）
	private static Logger instance;

	private Logger(){}

	public static Logger getInstance(
		if (instance == null) {
			synchronized(Logger.class) {
				if (instance == null) {
					instance = new Logger();
				}
			}
		}
		return instance
	);
}

静态内部类

public class Logger{
	private static Logger instance;

	private Logger(){}

	public static Logger getInstance(
		return SingletonHolder.instance;
	)

	private static class SingletonHolder{
		private static Logger instance = new Logger();
	}
}

枚举

public enum Logger() {
	INSTANCE();
}