Java网络编程
1.概述
-
计算机网络
是指将地理位置不同的具有独立功能的多台计算机及其外部设备,通过通信线路连接起来,在网络操作系统,网络管路软件及网络通信协议的管理和协调下,实现资源共享和信息传递的计算机系统。
-
网络编程
就是用来实现网络互连的不同计算机上运行的程序间可以进行数据交换。
2. 网络编程3要素
IP
- 每个设备在网络中的唯一标识
- 每台网络终端在网络中都已有一个独立的地址,我们在网络中传输数据就是使用这个地址
- ipconfig:查看本地IP
- ping:测试连接
- 本地回路地址:127.0.0.1
端口号
- 每个程序在设备上的唯一标识
- 每个网络程序都需要绑定一个端口号,传输数据时除了确定发到哪个机器上,还要明确发到哪个程序上
- 端口号范围0-65535
- 编写网络应用就需要绑定一个端口号,尽量使用1024以上,1024以下的基本都被系统程序占用了
协议
-
UDP
面向无连接,数据不安全,速度快,不区分客户端和服务端
-
TCP
面向连接(三次握手),数据安全,速度略低,分为客户端和服务端
三次握手:客户端先向服务端发起请求,服务端响应请求,传输数据
3. 网络编程(UDP传输)
发送方
public class Demo_Send {
public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
DatagramSocket socket = new DatagramSocket(); //创建socket相当于创建码头
String str = "what are you doing now?";
DatagramPacket packet = // 创建packet相当于集装箱
new DatagramPacket(str.getBytes(), str.getBytes().length, InetAddress.getByName("127.0.0.1"), 6666);
socket.send(packet);
socket.close();
}
}
接收方
public class Demo_Receive {
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
DatagramSocket socket = new DatagramSocket(6666);//创建socket相当于创建码头
DatagramPacket packet = new DatagramPacket(new byte[1024], 1024);//相当于创建集装箱
socket.receive(packet);
byte[] arr = packet.getData();
int len = packet.getLength();//获取有效的字节个数
System.out.println(new String(arr,0,len));
socket.close();
}
}
在dos命令窗口下先运行Demo_Receive,再运行Demo_Send
4.UDP传输优化
实现输入发送
发送方
public class Demo2_Send {
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
Scanner sc = new Scanner(System.in); //创建键盘录入对象
DatagramSocket socket = new DatagramSocket(); //创建socket相当于创建码头
while(true){
String line = sc.nextLine(); //获取键盘录入的字符串
if("quit".equals(line)){
break;
}
DatagramPacket packet = // 创建packet相当于集装箱
new DatagramPacket(line.getBytes(), line.getBytes().length, InetAddress.getByName("127.0.0.1"), 6666);
socket.send(packet);
}
socket.close();
}
}
接收方
public class Demo2_Receive {
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
DatagramSocket socket = new DatagramSocket(6666);//创建socket相当于创建码头
DatagramPacket packet = new DatagramPacket(new byte[1024], 1024);//相当于创建集装箱
while(true){
socket.receive(packet);
byte[] arr = packet.getData();
int len = packet.getLength();//获取有效的字节个数
String ip = packet.getAddress().getHostAddress(); //获取IP地址
int port = packet.getPort(); //获取端口号
System.out.println(ip+":"+port+":"+new String(arr,0,len));
}
}
}
5.UDP传输多线程
public class Demo_MoreThread {
public static void main(String[] args) {
new Receive().start();
new Send().start();
}
}
class Receive extends Thread{
public void run(){
try{
DatagramSocket socket = new DatagramSocket(6666);//创建socket相当于创建码头
DatagramPacket packet = new DatagramPacket(new byte[1024], 1024);//相当于创建集装箱
while(true){
socket.receive(packet);
byte[] arr = packet.getData();
int len = packet.getLength();//获取有效的字节个数
String ip = packet.getAddress().getHostAddress(); //获取IP地址
int port = packet.getPort(); //获取端口号
System.out.println(ip+":"+port+":"+new String(arr,0,len));
}
}catch(IOException e){
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
class Send extends Thread{
public void run(){
try{
Scanner sc = new Scanner(System.in); //创建键盘录入对象
DatagramSocket socket = new DatagramSocket(); //创建socket相当于创建码头
while(true){
String line = sc.nextLine(); //获取键盘录入的字符串
if("quit".equals(line)){
break;
}
DatagramPacket packet = // 创建packet相当于集装箱
new DatagramPacket(line.getBytes(), line.getBytes().length, InetAddress.getByName("127.0.0.1"), 6666);
socket.send(packet);
}
socket.close();
}catch(IOException e){
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
6. TCP协议
1. 客户端
- 创建socket连接服务器(指定IP地址,端口号),通过IP地址找到对应的服务器
- 调用socket的getInputStream()和getOutputStream()方法获取和客户端相连的IO流
- 输入流可以读取服务端输出流写出的数据
- 输出流可以写出数据到服务端的输入流
2. 服务端
- 创建ServerSocket(需要指定端口号)
- 调用ServerSocket的accept接收到客户端的一个请求,得到一个socket
- 输入流可以读取到客户端输出流写出的数据
- 输出流可以写出数据到客户端的输入流
客户端
public class Demo_Client {
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception, IOException {
Socket socket = new Socket("127.0.0.1",12345);
InputStream is = socket.getInputStream(); //获取客户端的输入流
OutputStream os = socket.getOutputStream();// 获取客户端的输出流
byte[] arr = new byte[1024];
int len = is.read(arr);
System.out.println(new String(arr,0,len));
os.write("好好学习,天天向上".getBytes());
socket.close();;
}
}
服务端
public class Demo_Server {
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
ServerSocket server = new ServerSocket(12345);
Socket socket = server.accept();//接收客户端请求
InputStream is = socket.getInputStream();
OutputStream os = socket.getOutputStream();
os.write("百度一下,你就知道".getBytes());
byte[] arr = new byte[1024];
int len = is.read(arr);
System.out.println(new String(arr,0,len));
socket.close();
}
}
在dos命令窗口先运行服务端,再运行客户端
7. TCP协议代码优化
客户端
public class Demo2_Client {
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception, IOException {
Socket socket = new Socket("127.0.0.1",12345);
BufferedReader br = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(socket.getInputStream())); //获取客户端的输入流
PrintStream ps = new PrintStream(socket.getOutputStream());// 获取客户端的输出流
System.out.println(br.readLine());
ps.println("西邮欢迎你");
socket.close();;
}
}
服务端
public class Demo2_Client {
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception, IOException {
Socket socket = new Socket("127.0.0.1",12345);
BufferedReader br = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(socket.getInputStream())); //获取客户端的输入流
PrintStream ps = new PrintStream(socket.getOutputStream());// 获取客户端的输出流
System.out.println(br.readLine());
ps.println("西邮欢迎你");
socket.close();;
}
}
8.TCP服务端多线程
public class Demo2_Server {
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
ServerSocket server = new ServerSocket(12345);
while(true){
final Socket socket = server.accept();//接收客户端请求
new Thread(){
public void run(){
try {
BufferedReader br = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(socket.getInputStream())); //获取客户端的输入流
PrintStream ps = new PrintStream(socket.getOutputStream());// 获取客户端的输出流
ps.println("3g实验室");
System.out.println(br.readLine());
socket.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}.start();
}
}
}
9. 练习
客户端向服务器写字符串(键盘录入),服务器(多线程)将字符串反转后写回,客户端再次读取到的是反转后的字符串
客户端
public class Test1_Client {
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception, IOException {
Scanner sc = new Scanner(System.in);
Socket socket = new Socket("127.0.0.1",12345);
BufferedReader br = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(socket.getInputStream()));
PrintStream ps = new PrintStream(socket.getOutputStream());
ps.println(sc.nextLine());
System.out.println(br.readLine());
socket.close();
}
}
服务端
public class Test1_Server {
public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
ServerSocket server = new ServerSocket(12345);
System.out.println("服务器启动,绑定12345端口。");
while(true){
final Socket socket = server.accept();// 接收客户端请求就开启一条线程
new Thread(){
public void run(){
try {
BufferedReader br = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(socket.getInputStream()));
PrintStream ps = new PrintStream(socket.getOutputStream());
String line = br.readLine();
line = new StringBuilder(line).reverse().toString();
ps.println(line);
socket.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}.start();
}
}
}
10. 练习
客户端向服务器上传文件
步骤
客户端
1. 提示输入要上传的文件路径,验证路径是否存在以及是否是文件夹
2. 发送文件名到服务端
服务端
3. 建立多线程服务器
4. 读取文件名
5. 判断文件是否存在,将结果发回客户端
6. 接受结果,如果存在给予提示,程序退出
7. 如果不存在,定义FileInputStream读取文件,写出到网络
服务端
8. 定义FileOutputStream,从网络中读取数据,存储到本地
客户端
public class Test_UpdateClient {
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception, IOException {
File file = getFile();
Socket socket = new Socket("127.0.0.1",12345);
BufferedReader br = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(socket.getInputStream()));
PrintStream ps = new PrintStream(socket.getOutputStream());
ps.println(file.getName());
String result =br.readLine();//读取是否存在的结果
if("存在".equals(result)){
System.out.println("您上传的文件已经存在,请不要重复上传!");
socket.close();
return;
}else{
FileInputStream fis = new FileInputStream(file);
byte[] arr = new byte[8192];
int len;
while((len = fis.read(arr))!=-1){
ps.write(arr,0,len);
}
System.out.println("文件上传成功!!");
fis.close();
socket.close();
}
}
private static File getFile() {
Scanner sc = new Scanner(System.in);
System.out.println("请输入一个文件路径:");
while(true){
String line = sc.nextLine();
File file = new File(line);
if(!file.exists()){
System.out.println("您录入的文件路径不存在,请重新输入:");
}else if(file.isDirectory()){
System.out.println("您录入的是文件夹路径,请输入一个文件路径:");
}else{
return file;
}
}
}
}
服务端
public class Test_UpdateServer {
public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
ServerSocket server = new ServerSocket(12345);
System.out.println("服务器启动,绑定12345端口号。");
while(true){
final Socket socket = server.accept();
new Thread(){
public void run(){
try {
InputStream is = socket.getInputStream();
BufferedReader br = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(is));
PrintStream ps = new PrintStream(socket.getOutputStream());
String fileName = br.readLine();
File dir = new File("update");
dir.mkdir(); //创建文件夹
File file = new File(dir,fileName);//封装file对象
if(file.exists()){//如果服务器已经存在这个文件,将存在写给客户端
ps.println("存在。");
socket.close();
}else{
ps.println("不存在。");
FileOutputStream fos = new FileOutputStream(file);
byte[] arr = new byte[8192];
int len;
while((len = is.read(arr))!=-1){
fos.write(arr,0,len);
}
fos.close();
socket.close();
server.close();
}
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}.start();
}
}
}