matlab模拟分析生日悖论

生日悖论（birthday paradox）是指在不少于 23 个人中至少有两人生日相同的概率大于 50%。

用两千次的随机数据模拟证明这一结论：

clear all;
clc;

simTimes = 2000;
x = 0.5;

for n = 2:365
    count = 0;
    i = 0;
    while i<simTimes
        N = unidrnd(365,1,n);
        N = sort(N);
        dN = diff(N);
        same = find(dN==0);
        if length(same)
            count = count + 1;
        end
        i = i+1;
    end
    pro = count/simTimes; %the probability of two people sharing the same birthday when there ara n people
    if pro > x
        fprintf('The number of people we need is: %d\n',n);
        break
    end
end

若要找到两人生日相同的概率为x需要至少多少人，修改x即可，simTimes越多越准确。