PyQt学习——day5

模型视图机制

优势：相较于基于widget的模型，model/view的在最大好处在于共享data，一份data，可以被多个view使用，实现信息同步更新；而如果想利用widget做到这点，就必需手动去设置复杂的信号槽关系。
劣势：相关的概念较多，上手比较困难。

自定义listmodel

1. 继承QAbstractListModel
2. 结构：rowCount()
3. 显示：data()
4. 编辑：flags()、setData()
5. 增减数据：insertRows()、removeRows()

# 自定义自己的listmodel
import typing
from PyQt5.QtCore import Qt, QAbstractListModel, QModelIndex
from PyQt5.QtGui import QIcon
from PyQt5.QtWidgets import QApplication, QListView, QComboBox


class MyListModel(QAbstractListModel):
    def __init__(self, names=[], parent=None):
        super(MyListModel, self).__init__(parent)

        self.__name = names
        self.__icon = QIcon('0.png')

    def rowCount(self, parent) -> int:
        return len(self.__name)

    def data(self, index: QModelIndex, role: int = ...) -> typing.Any:
        row = index.row()
        if role == Qt.DisplayRole:
            return self.__name[row]

        if role == Qt.EditRole:
            return self.__name[row]

        if role == Qt.DecorationRole:
            return self.__icon

    def flags(self, index: QModelIndex) -> Qt.ItemFlags:
        return Qt.ItemIsEditable | Qt.ItemIsEnabled | Qt.ItemIsSelectable

    def headerData(self, section: int, orientation: Qt.Orientation, role: int = ...) -> typing.Any:
        return "未定义"

    def setData(self, index: QModelIndex, value: typing.Any, role: int = ...) -> bool:
        row = index.row()
        if role == Qt.EditRole:
            self.__name[row] = value
            self.dataChanged.emit(index, index)  # 注意这里需要发出一个通知
            return True

        return False

    def insertRows(self, row: int, count: int, parent=QModelIndex()) -> bool:
        self.beginInsertRows(QModelIndex(), row, row + count - 1)
        for i in range(count):
            self.__name.insert(row, '默认')
        self.endInsertRows()

    def removeRows(self, row: int, count: int, parent=QModelIndex()) -> bool:
        self.beginRemoveRows(QModelIndex(), row, row + count - 1)
        for i in range(count):
            self.__name.pop(row)
        self.endRemoveRows()

if __name__ == '__main__':
    app = QApplication([])
    model = MyListModel(['小红', '小小', '星星', '大哥', '憨憨'])

    w = QListView()
    w.setModel(model)
    w.show()

    box = QComboBox()
    box.setModel(model)
    box.show()

    model.insertRows(0, 2)
    model.removeRows(0, 2)

    app.exec_()

自定义tableModel

1. 继承QAbstractTableModel
2. 结构：rowCount()、colCount()
3. 显示：data()、headerData()
4. 编辑：flags()、setData()
5. 增减数据：insertRows()、removeRows()、insertColumns()、removeColums()

# myTableModel
import typing
from PyQt5.QtCore import Qt, QAbstractTableModel, QModelIndex
from PyQt5.QtGui import QIcon
from PyQt5.QtWidgets import QApplication, QListView, QComboBox, QTableView


class MyTableModel(QAbstractTableModel):
    def __init__(self, data=[[]], parent=None):
        super(MyTableModel, self).__init__(parent)

        self.__data = data
        self.__headers = ['名字', '年龄']

    def rowCount(self, parent) -> int:
        return len(self.__data)

    def columnCount(self, parent: QModelIndex = ...) -> int:
        return len(self.__data[0])

    def flags(self, index: QModelIndex) -> Qt.ItemFlags:
        return Qt.ItemIsEditable | Qt.ItemIsEnabled | Qt.ItemIsSelectable

    def data(self, index: QModelIndex, role: int = ...) -> typing.Any:
        row, col = index.row(), index.column()

        if role == Qt.DisplayRole:
            return self.__data[row][col]

        if role == Qt.EditRole:
            return self.__data[row][col]

    def headerData(self, section: int, orientation: Qt.Orientation, role: int = ...):
        if orientation == Qt.Horizontal:
            if role == Qt.DisplayRole:
                if section < len(self.__headers):
                    return self.__headers[section]
                else:
                    return 'undefined'

    def setData(self, index: QModelIndex, value: typing.Any, role: int = ...) -> bool:
        row, col = index.row(), index.column()

        if role == Qt.EditRole:
            self.__data[row][col] = value
            self.dataChanged.emit(index, index)  # 注意这里需要发出一个通知
            return True

        return False

    def insertRows(self, row: int, count: int, parent=QModelIndex()) -> bool:
        self.beginInsertRows(QModelIndex(), row, row + count - 1)

        for i in range(count):
            self.__data.insert(row, ['' for i in range(self.columnCount())])

        self.endInsertRows()
        return True

    def removeRows(self, row: int, count: int, parent=QModelIndex()) -> bool:
        self.beginRemoveRows(QModelIndex(), row, row + count - 1)

        for i in range(count):
            self.__data.pop(row)

        self.endRemoveRows()
        return True


if __name__ == '__main__':
    app = QApplication([])
    model = MyTableModel([['小红', 19]])

    tableView = QTableView()
    tableView.setModel(model)
    tableView.show()

    model.insertRows(0, 2)
    model.removeRows(0, 2)

    app.exec_()

自定义treeModel

1. 自定义树结构，维护好：parent、children、data
2. 结构：rowCount()、columnCount()、index()
3. 数据显示：headerData()、data()
4. 编辑：flags()、setData()
5. 增删：insertRow()、removeRow()
6. 父节点：parent()

使用已有模型

QFileSystemModel使用

# 利用已有的模型做使用展示
from PyQt5.QtWidgets import *
from PyQt5.QtCore import *
import os

class Demo(QWidget):
    def __init__(self):
        super(Demo, self).__init__()

        self.__setttingWindow()
        self.__buildUI()

    # ================== 功能函数 ==================
    def __setttingWindow(self):
        self.resize(640, 480)

    def __buildUI(self):
        vbox = QVBoxLayout(self)
        splitter = QSplitter()
        vbox.addWidget(splitter)

        # 模型
        model = QFileSystemModel()
        model.setRootPath('')  # 文档上说设置监视范围，没弄清楚是什么意思；如果不设置不会显示；

        # 树形视图
        treeView = QTreeView(splitter)
        treeView.setModel(model)
        treeView.setRootIndex(model.index('c:')) # 设置可见范围

        # 列表型视图
        listView = QListView(splitter)
        listView.setModel(model)
        listView.setRootIndex(model.index(os.getcwd())) # 设置可见范围， 只有直接子节点会显示


if __name__ == '__main__':
    app = QApplication([])
    w = Demo()
    w.show()
    app.exec_()

代理模型

model <----> proxy <----> view
通过在模型上在加一个代理模型，可以实现很多其他的功能：排序、过滤

from PyQt5.QtCore import Qt, QSortFilterProxyModel
from PyQt5.QtGui import QStandardItemModel, QStandardItem
from PyQt5.QtWidgets import QApplication, QListView, QWidget, QLineEdit, QTableView, QVBoxLayout
import random


class Demo(QWidget):
    def __init__(self):
        super(Demo, self).__init__()
        self.__buildUI()

    def __buildUI(self):
        vbox = QVBoxLayout(self)
        # 输入re框
        self.editRE = QLineEdit()
        vbox.addWidget(self.editRE)

        # 模型
        model = QStandardItemModel()
        for i in range(10):
            model.insertRow(0, QStandardItem(f'{random.randint(0, 20)}'))

        # 代理
        proxyModel = QSortFilterProxyModel()
        proxyModel.setSourceModel(model)
        self.editRE.textChanged.connect(proxyModel.setFilterRegExp)
        proxyModel.setDynamicSortFilter(True)

        # 视图
        self.view = QListView()
        self.view.setModel(proxyModel)
        # self.view.setSortingEnabled(True)
        vbox.addWidget(self.view)


if __name__ == '__main__':
    app = QApplication([])
    w = Demo()
    w.show()
    app.exec_()

使用QStandarItemModel 搭配各类ViewQListView、QWidgetView、QTreeView

# 简单使用
from PyQt5.QtCore import QModelIndex, Qt
from PyQt5.QtWidgets import QApplication, QListView, QTableView, QTreeView
from PyQt5.QtGui import QStandardItemModel


if __name__ == '__main__':
    app = QApplication([])

    # list只需要一个列
    listModel = QStandardItemModel(5, 1)
    animals = ['小猫', '小狗', '小猪', '兔子', '猫头鹰']
    for i in range(listModel.rowCount()):
        index = listModel.index(i, 0)
        listModel.setData(index, animals[i])

    listView = QListView()
    listView.setModel(listModel)
    # listView.show()

    # table多了一步设计表头
    tableModel = QStandardItemModel(5, 2)
    tableModel.setHorizontalHeaderLabels(['名称', '年龄'])
    ages = [3, 2, 1, 3, 4]
    for i in range(tableModel.rowCount()):
        index = tableModel.index(i, 0)
        tableModel.setData(index, animals[i])

        index = tableModel.index(i, 1)
        tableModel.setData(index, ages[i])

    tableView = QTableView()
    tableView.setModel(tableModel)
    # tableView.show()

    # tree
    treeModel = QStandardItemModel(2, 2)
    treeModel.setHorizontalHeaderLabels(['名称', '年龄'])
    type = ['动物', '植物']
    for i in range(2):
        index = treeModel.index(i, 0)
        treeModel.setData(index, type[i])

    animalParentIndex = treeModel.index(0, 0)
    treeModel.insertRows(0, 5, animalParentIndex)
    treeModel.insertColumns(0, 2, animalParentIndex)
    for i in range(5):
        index = treeModel.index(i, 0, animalParentIndex)
        treeModel.setData(index, animals[i])
        index = treeModel.index(i, 1, animalParentIndex)
        treeModel.setData(index, ages[i])

    treeView = QTreeView()
    treeView.setModel(treeModel)
    treeView.show()

    app.exec_()

代表

就是一个获取输入、显示数据的组件，本质上就是一个Qwidget，只不过其显示的内容和model里面的值绑定上了。我们不单单可以使用默认的组件，也可以自己实现组件，并将其作为delegate。

1. 继承QStyleItemDelegate
2. 创建：createEditor()
3. 设置编辑器：setEditorData()
4. 设置模型：setModelData()
5. 设置位置：updateEditorGeometry()

from PyQt5.QtWidgets import QApplication, QTableView, QStyledItemDelegate, QWidget, QLineEdit, QSpinBox
from PyQt5.QtGui import QStandardItemModel, QStandardItem, QIcon
from PyQt5.QtCore import Qt, QModelIndex, QAbstractItemModel


class MyDelegate(QStyledItemDelegate):
    def createEditor(self, parent: QWidget, option: 'QStyleOptionViewItem', index: QModelIndex) -> QWidget:
        if index.column() == 0:
            return QLineEdit(parent)
        else:
            return QSpinBox(parent)

    def setEditorData(self, editor: QWidget, index: QModelIndex) -> None:
        if index.column() == 0:
            editor.setText(index.data(Qt.EditRole))
        else:
            editor.setValue(index.data(Qt.EditRole))

    def setModelData(self, editor: QWidget, model: QAbstractItemModel, index: QModelIndex) -> None:
        if index.column() == 0:
            model.setData(index, editor.text(), Qt.EditRole)
        else:
            model.setData(index, editor.value(), Qt.EditRole)

    def updateEditorGeometry(self, editor: QWidget, option: 'QStyleOptionViewItem', index: QModelIndex) -> None:
        editor.setGeometry(option.rect)


if __name__ == '__main__':
    app = QApplication([])
    model = QStandardItemModel(2, 2)
    # 初始化
    icon = QIcon('0.png')

    for i in range(2):
        index = model.index(i, 0)
        model.setData(index, f'小{i}')
        index = model.index(i, 1)
        model.setData(index, 10)

    model.setHorizontalHeaderLabels(['姓名', '年龄'])
    view = QTableView()
    view.setModel(model)
    view.setItemDelegate(MyDelegate())
    view.show()
    app.exec_()

# 自己实现的简单滑动编辑:)
from PyQt5.QtWidgets import QApplication, QWidget, QListView, QStyledItemDelegate
from PyQt5.QtGui import QPainter, QPaintEvent, QMouseEvent, QStandardItemModel
from PyQt5.QtCore import Qt, QSize, pyqtSignal, QModelIndex, QAbstractItemModel


class PowerLine(QWidget):
    editingFinished = pyqtSignal()

    def __init__(self, parent=None, curPower=20, maxPower=100):
        super(PowerLine, self).__init__(parent)

        self.curPower = curPower
        self.maxPower = maxPower
        self.isSetting = False

        self.__setting()

    # ================== 辅助函数 ==================
    def __setting(self):
        self.resize(408, 100)
        self.setMouseTracking(True)
        self.setAutoFillBackground(True)  # 当在老画面上绘制时，自动清空

    def __getPower(self, pos):
        miniScale = self.width() / 108
        power = (pos.x() - 2 * miniScale) / miniScale
        return int(min(100, max(0, power)))

    # ================== 事件 ==================
    def paintEvent(self, event: QPaintEvent) -> None:
        painter = QPainter(self)
        # 视图、窗口
        painter.setViewport(self.rect())
        w, h = self.width(), self.height()
        painter.setWindow(0, 0, 108, 66)

        # 外边框
        pen = painter.pen()
        pen.setWidth(2)
        painter.setPen(pen)
        painter.drawRect(2, 2, 104, 60)

        # 内部
        pen = painter.pen()
        pen.setColor(Qt.green)
        pen.setWidth(0)
        painter.setPen(pen)

        brush = painter.brush()
        brush.setColor(Qt.green)
        brush.setStyle(Qt.SolidPattern)
        painter.setBrush(brush)

        if self.curPower > 0:
            painter.drawRect(4, 5, self.curPower, 54)

    def mousePressEvent(self, event: QMouseEvent) -> None:
        self.isSetting = True

        self.curPower = self.__getPower(event.pos())
        self.update()

    def mouseMoveEvent(self, event: QMouseEvent) -> None:
        if not self.isSetting:
            return

        power = self.__getPower(event.pos())

        if self.curPower != int(power):
            self.curPower = int(power)
            self.update()

    def mouseReleaseEvent(self, event: QMouseEvent) -> None:
        self.isSetting = False
        self.editingFinished.emit()

    # ================== 功能函数 ==================
    def sizeHint(self) -> QSize:
        return QSize(104, 50)


class MyDelegate(QStyledItemDelegate):
    def createEditor(self, parent: QWidget, option: 'QStyleOptionViewItem', index: QModelIndex) -> QWidget:
        powerline = PowerLine(parent)
        powerline.editingFinished.connect(self.commitAndCloseEditor)
        return powerline

    def setEditorData(self, editor: QWidget, index: QModelIndex) -> None:
        val = index.data()
        editor.curPower = val

    def setModelData(self, editor: QWidget, model: QAbstractItemModel, index: QModelIndex) -> None:
        val = editor.curPower
        model.setData(index, val, Qt.DisplayRole)

    def commitAndCloseEditor(self):
        editor = self.sender()
        self.commitData.emit(editor)
        self.closeEditor.emit(editor)


if __name__ == '__main__':
    app = QApplication([])

    model = QStandardItemModel(2, 1)
    index = model.index(0, 0, QModelIndex())
    model.setData(index, 10, Qt.DisplayRole)
    index = model.index(1, 0, QModelIndex())
    model.setData(index, 20, Qt.DisplayRole)

    listView = QListView()
    listView.setModel(model)
    listView.setItemDelegate(MyDelegate())
    listView.show()

    app.exec_()