SSM概念
SSM(Spring+SpringMVC+MyBatis)框架集由Spring、MyBatis两个开源框架整合而成(SpringMVC是Spring中的部分内容)。常作为数据源较简单的web项目的框架。
Spring
Spring就像是整个项目中装配bean的大工厂,在配置文件中可以指定使用特定的参数去调用实体类的构造方法来实例化对象。也可以称之为项目中的粘合剂。
Spring的核心思想是IoC(控制反转),即不再需要程序员去显式地new
一个对象,而是让Spring框架帮你来完成这一切。
SpringMVC
SpringMVC在项目中拦截用户请求,它的核心Servlet即DispatcherServlet承担中介或是前台这样的职责,将用户请求通过HandlerMapping去匹配Controller,Controller就是具体对应请求所执行的操作。SpringMVC相当于SSH框架中struts。
mybatis
mybatis是对jdbc的封装,它让数据库底层操作变的透明。mybatis的操作都是围绕一个sqlSessionFactory实例展开的。mybatis通过配置文件关联到各实体类的Mapper文件,Mapper文件中配置了每个类对数据库所需进行的sql语句映射。在每次与数据库交互时,通过sqlSessionFactory拿到一个sqlSession,再执行sql命令。
页面发送请求给控制器,控制器调用业务层处理逻辑,逻辑层向持久层发送请求,持久层与数据库交互,后将结果返回给业务层,业务层将处理逻辑发送给控制器,控制器再调用视图展现数据。
配置文件
提前说一下,我的配置环境是搭建好了的,就是tomcat8.5配置成功就行
我搭建的SSM框架运用到了五个配置文件
1.pox.xml(这个文件是创建mawen项目会自动生成的)
里面一般存放jar包,就不用像之前需要把jar包一个个添加进来,而是直接把配置写在文件里,通过仓库的方式去下载它
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
<groupId>com.atguigu</groupId>
<artifactId>atcrowdfunding-parent</artifactId>
<version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
<packaging>pom</packaging>
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>javax.servlet</groupId>
<artifactId>servlet-api</artifactId>
<version>2.5</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>javax.servlet.jsp</groupId>
<artifactId>jsp-api</artifactId>
<version>2.1.3-b06</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-core</artifactId>
<version>4.0.0.RELEASE</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-context</artifactId>
<version>4.0.0.RELEASE</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-jdbc</artifactId>
<version>4.0.0.RELEASE</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-orm</artifactId>
<version>4.0.0.RELEASE</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-web</artifactId>
<version>4.0.0.RELEASE</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-webmvc</artifactId>
<version>4.0.0.RELEASE</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>com.mchange</groupId>
<artifactId>c3p0</artifactId>
<version>0.9.2</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>cglib</groupId>
<artifactId>cglib</artifactId>
<version>2.2</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.aspectj</groupId>
<artifactId>aspectjweaver</artifactId>
<version>1.6.8</version>
</dependency>
<!-- Spring整合MyBatis -->
<!-- MyBatis中延迟加载需要使用Cglib -->
<!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.mybatis/mybatis -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.mybatis</groupId>
<artifactId>mybatis</artifactId>
<version>3.2.8</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.mybatis</groupId>
<artifactId>mybatis-spring</artifactId>
<version>1.2.2</version>
</dependency>
<!-- 控制日志输出:结合log4j -->
<dependency>
<groupId>log4j</groupId>
<artifactId>log4j</artifactId>
<version>1.2.17</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.slf4j</groupId>
<artifactId>slf4j-api</artifactId>
<version>1.7.7</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.slf4j</groupId>
<artifactId>slf4j-log4j12</artifactId>
<version>1.7.7</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>mysql</groupId>
<artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
<version>5.1.37</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>jstl</groupId>
<artifactId>jstl</artifactId>
<version>1.2</version>
</dependency>
<!-- ********其他****************************** -->
<!-- Ehcache二级缓存 -->
<dependency>
<groupId>net.sf.ehcache</groupId>
<artifactId>ehcache</artifactId>
<version>1.6.2</version>
</dependency>
<!-- 石英调度 - 开始 -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.quartz-scheduler</groupId>
<artifactId>quartz</artifactId>
<version>1.8.5</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-context-support</artifactId>
<version>4.0.0.RELEASE</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>commons-collections</groupId>
<artifactId>commons-collections</artifactId>
<version>3.1</version>
</dependency>
<!-- 石英调度 - 结束 -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.codehaus.jackson</groupId>
<artifactId>jackson-mapper-asl</artifactId>
<version>1.9.2</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.apache.poi</groupId>
<artifactId>poi</artifactId>
<version>3.9</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.jfree</groupId>
<artifactId>jfreechart</artifactId>
<version>1.0.19</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>commons-fileupload</groupId>
<artifactId>commons-fileupload</artifactId>
<version>1.3.1</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.freemarker</groupId>
<artifactId>freemarker</artifactId>
<version>2.3.19</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.activiti</groupId>
<artifactId>activiti-engine</artifactId>
<version>5.15.1</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.activiti</groupId>
<artifactId>activiti-spring</artifactId>
<version>5.15.1</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.apache.commons</groupId>
<artifactId>commons-email</artifactId>
<version>1.3.1</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.activiti</groupId>
<artifactId>activiti-explorer</artifactId>
<version>5.15.1</version>
<exclusions>
<exclusion>
<artifactId>groovy-all</artifactId>
<groupId>org.codehaus.groovy</groupId>
</exclusion>
</exclusions>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
</project>
2.Spring.xml(这个需要自己创建,存放路径一般在Java/resources下面)
我的文件路径
Spring.xml文件
文件主要就是操作数据库,里面写配置数据库连接参数,在Service层注入dao来实现、配置事务、生命周期、自动扫描包注解等
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx"
xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-4.0.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx-4.0.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-4.0.xsd">
<!-- 这个基本是固定的 -->
<!-- 配置然后可以扫描指定的包以及它的注解类 -->
<context:component-scan base-package="com.atguigu.*" >
<!--排除controller注解(因为这个类是由SpringMVC进行管理和组织的的,不需要有spring框架扫描) -->
<context:exclude-filter type="annotation" expression="org.springframework.stereotype.Controller"/>
</context:component-scan>
<!-- 配置数据库连接池(这里使用的是C3P0) -->
<bean id="dataSource" class="com.mchange.v2.c3p0.ComboPooledDataSource" >
<property name="driverClass" value="com.mysql.jdbc.Driver"/>
<property name="jdbcUrl" value="jdbc:mysql://localhost:3307/ssm?rewriteBatchedStatements=true&useUnicode=true&characterEncoding=utf8"/>
<property name="user" value="admin"/>
<property name="password" value="Aa123456"/>
</bean>
<!--Mybatis框架委托spring来创建对象和管理对象生命周期 -->
<bean id="sqlSessionFactory" class="org.mybatis.spring.SqlSessionFactoryBean" >
<property name="configLocation" value="classpath:mybatis/config.xml" />
<property name="dataSource" ref="dataSource" />
<property name="mapperLocations" >
<list>
<value>classpath*:mybatis/mapper-*.xml</value>
</list>
</property>
</bean>
<bean id="mapperScannerConfigurer" class="org.mybatis.spring.mapper.MapperScannerConfigurer" >
<property name="basePackage" value="com.atguigu.atcrowdfunding.**.dao" />
</bean>
<!-- 为了保持数据操作的一致性,必须添加事务处理,
采用声明式事务,通过AOP的方式将事务增加到业务中 -->
<bean id="transactionManager" class="org.springframework.jdbc.datasource.DataSourceTransactionManager" >
<property name="dataSource" ref="dataSource"/>
</bean>
<tx:advice id="transactionAdvice" transaction-manager="transactionManager" >
<tx:attributes>
<tx:method name="*" propagation="REQUIRED" isolation="DEFAULT" rollback-for="java.lang.Exception" />
<tx:method name="query*" read-only="true" />
</tx:attributes>
</tx:advice>
<aop:config>
<aop:advisor advice-ref="transactionAdvice" pointcut="execution(* com.atguigu..*Service.*(..))"/>
</aop:config>
</beans>
3.SpringMVC.xml(这个也是自己创建,同一路径)
主要配置相应的视图解析器,还有返回字符串格式‘自动扫描、上传等,通过在Controller层注入Service接口,处理静态资源的Servlet等
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
xmlns:p="http://www.springframework.org/schema/p"
xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc-4.0.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-4.0.xsd">
<!-- 增加对controller的扫描 -->
<context:component-scan base-package="com.atguigu.*" use-default-filters="false" >
<context:include-filter type="annotation" expression="org.springframework.stereotype.Controller"/>
</context:component-scan>
<!-- 配置使静态资源不被拦截 -->
<mvc:default-servlet-handler/>
<mvc:annotation-driven />
<!--配置相应的视图解析器(页面跳转就要用这个) -->
<bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver" >
<property name="viewClass" value="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.JstlView"/>
<property name="prefix" value="/WEB-INF/jsp/"/>
<property name="suffix" value=".jsp"/>
</bean>
<!--配置页面需要向我们返回一些字符串设置返回格式 -->
<bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.annotation.AnnotationMethodHandlerAdapter" >
<property name="messageConverters" >
<list>
<bean class="org.springframework.http.converter.json.MappingJacksonHttpMessageConverter" >
<property name="supportedMediaTypes" >
<list>
<value>application/json;charset=UTF-8</value>
</list>
</property>
</bean>
</list>
</property>
</bean>
<!--项目中含有上传业务,增加文件上传解析器MultipartResolver -->
<bean id="multipartResolver" class="org.springframework.web.multipart.commons.CommonsMultipartResolver" p:defaultEncoding="UTF-8" >
<property name="maxUploadSize" value="2097152"/>
<property name="resolveLazily" value="true"/>
</bean>
</beans>
4.web.xml(文件是自动生成的,不需要手动创建)
主要就是拦截客户端的所有请求,交给上面的springmvc处理,容器记载spring.xml配置文件
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<web-app id="WebApp_ID" version="2.5" xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_2_5.xsd">
<!-- 初始化参数 -->
<context-param>
<param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
<param-value>classpath*:spring/spring-*.xml</param-value>
</context-param>
<!--监听器 Spring提供的 -->
<listener>
<listener-class>org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoaderListener</listener-class>
</listener>
<listener>
<listener-class>com.atguigu.atcrowdfunding.web.ServerStartupListener</listener-class>
</listener>
<!-- 解决编码(由spring提供的) -->
<filter>
<filter-name>encoding</filter-name>
<filter-class>org.springframework.web.filter.CharacterEncodingFilter</filter-class>
<!-- 初始化参数 -->
<init-param>
<param-name>encoding</param-name>
<param-value>UTF-8</param-value>
</init-param>
<init-param>
<param-name>forceEncoding</param-name>
<param-value>true</param-value>
</init-param>
</filter>
<filter-mapping>
<filter-name>encoding</filter-name>
<servlet-name>springmvc</servlet-name>
</filter-mapping>
<!--SpringMVC框架用于处理系统中数据的流转及控制操作(以下是配置集成Spring框架) -->
<servlet>
<servlet-name>springmvc</servlet-name>
<servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class>
<!-- 初始化参数 -->
<init-param>
<param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
<param-value>classpath:spring/springmvc-context.xml</param-value>
</init-param>
<!--改变servlet的生命周期 -->
<load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup>
</servlet>
<servlet-mapping>
<servlet-name>springmvc</servlet-name>
<!-- /表示所有web应用请求都会走到这个servlet当中 -->
<url-pattern>/</url-pattern>
</servlet-mapping>
</web-app>
5.mybatis.xml(这个文件没有什么配置内容)
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE configuration PUBLIC "-//mybatis.org//DTD Config 3.0//EN" "http://mybatis.org/dtd/mybatis-3-config.dtd">
<configuration>
<typeAliases>
</typeAliases>
</configuration>
测试
1.新建一个包controller,在包下创建TestController类
package com.atguigu.atcrowdfunding.controller;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
@Controller
//如果请求路径是以/test开头的,就会找到的
@RequestMapping("/test")
public class TestController {
@RequestMapping("/index") //添加一个映射方法
public String index() {
return "index"; //返回视图名称
}
}
//把对象转换成为字符串,并输出到页面
@ResponseBody
@RequestMapping("/json")
public Object json() {
Map map= new HashMap();
map.put("username","zhangsan");
return map;
}
3.开始测试
启动tomcat服务器(这里我用的是tomcat8.5版本和jdk1.8)
在谷歌网页上输入http://localhost:8080/atcrowdfunding-web/test/index
如果能出现网页内容,就搭建成功了
输入http://localhost:8080/atcrowdfunding-web/test/json
出现以下内容
总结
注意:(这里面的包名,都是创建maven项目时的com.什么,后面所有的都用一致的),这些个代码都是我亲自操作过一遍的,没有错误,可以正常运行,这只是一个简单的SSM框架,希望对你们有用,如果有错误,请告知。