死信队列
死信队列:创建一个普通队列时,通过添加配置绑定另一个交换机(死信交换机),在普通队列发生异常时,消息就通过死信交换机转发到绑定它的队列里,这个绑定死信交换机的队列就是死信队列
spring:
rabbitmq:
port: 5672
host: 127.0.0.1
username: guest
password: guest
listener:
simple:
retry:
enabled: true
max-attempts: 5 # 重试次数
max-interval: 10000 # 重试最大间隔时间
initial-interval: 2000 # 重试初始间隔时间
multiplier: 2 # 间隔时间乘子,间隔时间*乘子=下一次的间隔时间,最大不能超过设置的最大间隔时间
RabbitConfig 配置
package com.yzm.rabbitmq_05.config;
import org.springframework.amqp.core.*;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.Map;
@Configuration
public class RabbitConfig {
// 死信队列配置
public static final String DL_QUEUE = "dl_queue";
public static final String DL_EXCHANGE = "dl.exchange";
public static final String DL_KEY = "dl.key";
@Bean
public Queue dlQueue() {
return QueueBuilder.durable(DL_QUEUE).build();
}
@Bean
public DirectExchange dlExchange() {
return ExchangeBuilder.directExchange(DL_EXCHANGE).build();
}
@Bean
public Binding dlBinding() {
return BindingBuilder.bind(dlQueue()).to(dlExchange()).with(DL_KEY);
}
// 正常队列,添加死信配置
public static final String NORMAL_QUEUE = "normal_queue";
public static final String NORMAL_EXCHANGE = "normal.exchange";
public static final String NORMAL_KEY = "normal.key";
@Bean
public Queue queue() {
Map<String, Object> params = new HashMap<>();
params.put("x-dead-letter-exchange", DL_EXCHANGE);//声明当前队列绑定的死信交换机
params.put("x-dead-letter-routing-key", DL_KEY);//声明当前队列的死信路由键
return QueueBuilder.durable(NORMAL_QUEUE).withArguments(params).build();
}
@Bean
public DirectExchange exchange() {
return ExchangeBuilder.directExchange(NORMAL_EXCHANGE).build();
}
@Bean
public Binding binding() {
return BindingBuilder.bind(queue()).to(exchange()).with(NORMAL_KEY);
}
}
package com.yzm.rabbitmq_05.sender;
import com.yzm.rabbitmq_05.config.RabbitConfig;
import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j;
import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.core.RabbitTemplate;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.GetMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;
@RestController
public class Sender {
private final RabbitTemplate rabbitTemplate;
public Sender(RabbitTemplate rabbitTemplate) {
this.rabbitTemplate = rabbitTemplate;
}
@GetMapping("/dl")
public void dl() {
String message = "Hello World!";
log.info(" [ 生产者 ] Sent ==> '" + message + "'");
rabbitTemplate.convertAndSend(RabbitConfig.NORMAL_EXCHANGE, RabbitConfig.NORMAL_KEY, message);
}
}
消费者
package com.yzm.rabbitmq03.service;
import com.yzm.rabbitmq03.config.DeadLetterRabbitConfig;
import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j;
import org.springframework.amqp.core.Message;
import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.annotation.RabbitListener;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;
@Slf4j
@Component
public class DeadLetterReceiver {
private int count = 1;
// 监听 normal_queue 正常队列
@RabbitListener(queues = DeadLetterRabbitConfig.NORMAL_QUEUE)
public void normal(Message message) {
log.info(" [ 消费者@A号 ] 接收到消息 ==> '" + new String(message.getBody()));
log.info("当前执行次数:{}", count++);
int i = 1 / 0;
log.info(" [ 消费者@A号 ] 消费了消息 ==> '" + new String(message.getBody()));
}
// 监听死信队列
@RabbitListener(queues = DeadLetterRabbitConfig.DL_QUEUE)
public void dl(Message message) {
log.info(" [ 消费者@死信号 ] 接收到消息 ==> '" + new String(message.getBody()));
}
}
启动,运行结果如下:
服务器上normal-queue有DLX、DLK标识,说明该队列绑定了死信交换机和路由键;
重试5次之后,就将消息转发给死信队列
修改消费者、手动确认
@Slf4j
@Component
public class Receiver {
private int count = 1;
// 监听 normal-queue 正常队列
// @RabbitListener(queues = RabbitConfig.NORMAL_QUEUE)
public void normal(Message message) {
log.info(" [ 消费者@A号 ] 接收到消息 ==> '" + new String(message.getBody()));
log.info("当前执行次数:{}", count++);
int i = 1 / 0;
log.info(" [ 消费者@A号 ] 消费了消息 ==> '" + new String(message.getBody()));
}
@RabbitListener(queues = RabbitConfig.NORMAL_QUEUE)
public void normal2(Message message, Channel channel) throws IOException {
log.info(" [ 消费者@A号 ] 接收到消息 ==> '" + new String(message.getBody()));
log.info("当前执行次数:{}", count++);
try {
// 制造异常
int i = 1 / 0;
channel.basicAck(message.getMessageProperties().getDeliveryTag(), false);
log.info(" [ 消费者@A号 ] 消费了消息 ==> '" + new String(message.getBody()));
} catch (Exception e) {
log.info("捕获异常,不会启动重试机制,异常消息直接转发到死信队列");
channel.basicReject(message.getMessageProperties().getDeliveryTag(), false);
}
}
// 监听死信队列
@RabbitListener(queues = RabbitConfig.DL_QUEUE)
public void dl(Message message) {
log.info(" [ 消费者@死信号 ] 接收到消息 ==> '" + new String(message.getBody()));
}
}
配置文件、手动确认
spring:
rabbitmq:
port: 5672
host: 127.0.0.1
username: guest
password: guest
listener:
simple:
retry:
enabled: true
max-attempts: 5 # 重试次数
max-interval: 10000 # 重试最大间隔时间
initial-interval: 2000 # 重试初始间隔时间
multiplier: 2 # 间隔时间乘子,间隔时间*乘子=下一次的间隔时间,最大不能超过设置的最大间隔时间
acknowledge-mode: manual # 手动确认
重启,运行结果:
手动确认并且主动捕获了异常是不会触发重试机制,异常消息直接转发到死信队列
死信队列是针对某个队列发生异常时进行处理,
而重试机制中的RepublishMessageRecoverer是对所有队列发生异常时进行处理,并且优先于死信队列