Python疫情数据可视化

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已于 2023-03-30 23:29:05 修改

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文章标签： python spring boot vue.js mysql

于 2023-03-28 20:33:49 首次发布

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本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/qq_43658309/article/details/129818701

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1 课题介绍

全球Covid-19大危机影响我们的生活，我们的出行、交流、教育、经济等都发生了巨大的变化，全球疫情大数据可视化分析与展示，可用于社会各界接入疫情数据，感知疫情相关情况的实时交互式态势，是重要的疫情分析、防控决策依据。

我国爆发的疫情，对我们的日常生活带来了极大的影响，疫情严重期间，大家都谈“疫”色变，大家对于了解疫情的情况具有巨大的需求；

代码在最下面（要的请私）

Python+SpringBoot+Vue

2 运行效果

在这里插入图片描述

3 关键代码

3.1 数据爬虫

疫情数据爬虫，就是给网站发起请求，并从响应中提取需要的数据

1、发起请求，获取响应

通过http库，对目标站点进行请求。等同于自己打开浏览器输入网址
常用库：urllib、requests
服务器会返回请求的内容一般为：HTML、文档、JSON字符串等

2、解析内容

寻找自己需要的信息，也就是利用正则表达式或者其他库提取目标信息
常用库：re、beautifulsoup4

3、保存数据

将解析到的数据持久化到数据库中

import pymysql
import time 
import json
import traceback  #追踪异常
import requests
def get_tencent_data(): 
    """
    :return: 返回历史数据和当日详细数据
    """
    url = ''
    url_his=''
    #最基本的反爬虫
    headers = {
        'user-agent': 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/79.0.3945.88 Safari/537.36',
    }
    r = requests.get(url, headers)	#使用requests请求
    res = json.loads(r.text)  # json字符串转字典
    data_all = json.loads(res['data'])
<span class="token comment">#再加上history的配套东西</span>
r_his<span class="token operator">=</span>requests<span class="token punctuation">.</span>get<span class="token punctuation">(</span>url_his<span class="token punctuation">,</span>headers<span class="token punctuation">)</span>
res_his<span class="token operator">=</span>json<span class="token punctuation">.</span>loads<span class="token punctuation">(</span>r_his<span class="token punctuation">.</span>text<span class="token punctuation">)</span>
data_his<span class="token operator">=</span>json<span class="token punctuation">.</span>loads<span class="token punctuation">(</span>res_his<span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token string">'data'</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>

history <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token punctuation">{<!-- --></span><span class="token punctuation">}</span>  <span class="token comment"># 历史数据</span>
<span class="token keyword">for</span> i <span class="token keyword">in</span> data_his<span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token string">"chinaDayList"</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span>
    ds <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token string">"2020."</span> <span class="token operator">+</span> i<span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token string">"date"</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span>
    tup <span class="token operator">=</span> time<span class="token punctuation">.</span>strptime<span class="token punctuation">(</span>ds<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">"%Y.%m.%d"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
    ds <span class="token operator">=</span> time<span class="token punctuation">.</span>strftime<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"%Y-%m-%d"</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> tup<span class="token punctuation">)</span>  <span class="token comment"># 改变时间格式,不然插入数据库会报错，数据库是datetime类型</span>
    confirm <span class="token operator">=</span> i<span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token string">"confirm"</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span>
    suspect <span class="token operator">=</span> i<span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token string">"suspect"</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span>
    heal <span class="token operator">=</span> i<span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token string">"heal"</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span>
    dead <span class="token operator">=</span> i<span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token string">"dead"</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span>
    history<span class="token punctuation">[</span>ds<span class="token punctuation">]</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token punctuation">{<!-- --></span><span class="token string">"confirm"</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> confirm<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">"suspect"</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> suspect<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">"heal"</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> heal<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">"dead"</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> dead<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token keyword">for</span> i <span class="token keyword">in</span> data_his<span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token string">"chinaDayAddList"</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span>
    ds <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token string">"2020."</span> <span class="token operator">+</span> i<span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token string">"date"</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span>
    tup <span class="token operator">=</span> time<span class="token punctuation">.</span>strptime<span class="token punctuation">(</span>ds<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">"%Y.%m.%d"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
    ds <span class="token operator">=</span> time<span class="token punctuation">.</span>strftime<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"%Y-%m-%d"</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> tup<span class="token punctuation">)</span>
    confirm <span class="token operator">=</span> i<span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token string">"confirm"</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span>
    suspect <span class="token operator">=</span> i<span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token string">"suspect"</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span>
    heal <span class="token operator">=</span> i<span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token string">"heal"</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span>
    dead <span class="token operator">=</span> i<span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token string">"dead"</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span>
    history<span class="token punctuation">[</span>ds<span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>update<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">{<!-- --></span><span class="token string">"confirm_add"</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> confirm<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">"suspect_add"</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> suspect<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">"heal_add"</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> heal<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">"dead_add"</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> dead<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
    
details <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span>  <span class="token comment"># 当日详细数据</span>
update_time <span class="token operator">=</span> data_all<span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token string">"lastUpdateTime"</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span>
data_country <span class="token operator">=</span> data_all<span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token string">"areaTree"</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span>  <span class="token comment"># list 25个国家</span>
data_province <span class="token operator">=</span> data_country<span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token string">"children"</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span>  <span class="token comment"># 中国各省</span>
<span class="token keyword">for</span> pro_infos <span class="token keyword">in</span> data_province<span class="token punctuation">:</span>
    province <span class="token operator">=</span> pro_infos<span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token string">"name"</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span>  <span class="token comment"># 省名</span>
    <span class="token keyword">for</span> city_infos <span class="token keyword">in</span> pro_infos<span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token string">"children"</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span>
        city <span class="token operator">=</span> city_infos<span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token string">"name"</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span>
        confirm <span class="token operator">=</span> city_infos<span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token string">"total"</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token string">"confirm"</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span>
        confirm_add <span class="token operator">=</span> city_infos<span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token string">"today"</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token string">"confirm"</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span>
        heal <span class="token operator">=</span> city_infos<span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token string">"total"</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token string">"heal"</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span>
        dead <span class="token operator">=</span> city_infos<span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token string">"total"</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token string">"dead"</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span>
        details<span class="token punctuation">.</span>append<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span>update_time<span class="token punctuation">,</span> province<span class="token punctuation">,</span> city<span class="token punctuation">,</span> confirm<span class="token punctuation">,</span> confirm_add<span class="token punctuation">,</span> heal<span class="token punctuation">,</span> dead<span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
<span class="token keyword">return</span> history<span class="token punctuation">,</span> details

数据表结构

history表存储每日的总数据

CREATE TABLE history (
ds datetime NOT NULL COMMENT ‘日期’,
confirm int(11) DEFAULT NULL COMMENT ‘累计确诊’,
confirm_add int(11) DEFAULT NULL COMMENT ‘当日新增确诊’,
suspect int(11) DEFAULT NULL COMMENT ‘剩余疑似’,
suspect_add int(11) DEFAULT NULL COMMENT ‘当日新增疑似’,
heal int(11) DEFAULT NULL COMMENT ‘累计治愈’,
heal_add int(11) DEFAULT NULL COMMENT ‘当日新增治愈’,
dead int(11) DEFAULT NULL COMMENT ‘累计死亡’,
dead_add int(11) DEFAULT NULL COMMENT ‘当日新增死亡’,
PRIMARY KEY (ds) USING BTREE ) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8mb4;

  
  
  
  details表存储每日的详细数据 

   
   CREATE TABLE details (
id int(11) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
update_time datetime DEFAULT NULL COMMENT ‘数据最后更新时间’,
province varchar(50) DEFAULT NULL COMMENT ‘省’,
city varchar(50) DEFAULT NULL COMMENT ‘市’,
confirm int(11) DEFAULT NULL COMMENT ‘累计确诊’,
confirm_add int(11) DEFAULT NULL COMMENT ‘新增确诊’,
heal int(11) DEFAULT NULL COMMENT ‘累计治愈’,
dead int(11) DEFAULT NULL COMMENT ‘累计死亡’,
PRIMARY KEY (id) ) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8mb4;

    
    
    
    整体的数据库图表：
  

     
     3.2 可视化部分 

     
     echarts绘制图表 

     
     def get_c1_data():
    """
    :return: 返回大屏div id=c1 的数据
    """
    # 因为会更新多次数据，取时间戳最新的那组数据
    sql = "select sum(confirm)," \
          "(select suspect from history order by ds desc limit 1)," \
          "sum(heal)," \
          "sum(dead) " \
          "from details " \
          "where update_time=(select update_time from details order by update_time desc limit 1) "
    res = query(sql)
    res_list = [str(i) for i in res[0]]
    res_tuple=tuple(res_list)
    return res_tuple

中国疫情地图实现

def get_c2_data():
    """
    :return:  返回各省数据
    """
    # 因为会更新多次数据，取时间戳最新的那组数据
    sql = "select province,sum(confirm) from details " \
          "where update_time=(select update_time from details " \
          "order by update_time desc limit 1) " \
          "group by province"
    res = query(sql)
    return res

全国累计趋势

def get_l1_data():
	"""
	:return:返回每天历史累计数据
	"""
    sql = "select ds,confirm,suspect,heal,dead from history"
    res = query(sql)
    return res

def get_l2_data():
“”"
:return:返回每天新增确诊和疑似数据
“”"
sql = “select ds,confirm_add,suspect_add from history”
res = query(sql)
return res

def get_r1_data():
“”"
:return: 返回非湖北地区城市确诊人数前5名
“”"
sql = 'SELECT city,confirm FROM ‘
’(select city,confirm from details '
'where update_time=(select update_time from details order by update_time desc limit 1) '
'and province not in (“湖北”,“北京”,“上海”,“天津”,“重庆”) '
'union all '
'select province as city,sum(confirm) as confirm from details '
'where update_time=(select update_time from details order by update_time desc limit 1) '
'and province in (“北京”,“上海”,“天津”,“重庆”) group by province) as a '
‘ORDER BY confirm DESC LIMIT 5’
res = query(sql)
return res

疫情热搜

def get_r2_data():
    """
    :return:  返回最近的20条热搜
    """
    sql = 'select content from hotsearch order by id desc limit 20'
    res = query(sql)  # 格式 (('民警抗疫一线奋战16天牺牲1037364',), ('四川再派两批医疗队1537382',)
    return re