Android View系统分析之一从setContentView说开来

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最新推荐文章于 2024-07-13 23:11:02 发布

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本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/qq_43661309/article/details/87172420

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今天是中秋节，先祝各位中秋快乐吧。作为北漂的人，对于过节最大的感触就是没气氛~ 中秋是一个特别重要的节日，小的时候过中秋都是特别快乐的，有月饼吃，和家人上月，过完中秋要去亲戚家拜访等等。现在对于我们来说也就是一个节日罢了，窝在家里看点电视、看点书、吃顿好的，虽说生活好了，但日子过得没啥滋味。废话不多说，开始今天的学习吧。

Hello World

对于学习编程的人而言，大多数人第一个项目都是著名的"Hello World"，自从K&R开了这个先例，后面的人就很少有打破的。学习Android开发也是这样，我们第一次创建应用，估计也就是运行程序，然后在模拟器上输出一个Hello World，我们看到最简单的Activity中的内容大致是这样的:

public class MainActivity extends Activity { @Override public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {  super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);  setContentView(R.layout.main_activity); }}

main_activity.xml大致是这样的 :

<RelativeLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"    xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools"    android:layout_width="match_parent"    android:layout_height="match_parent"    android:gravity="center" >    <TextView        android:layout_width="match_parent"        android:layout_height="wrap_content"        android:text="@string/hello_world" /></RelativeLayout>

然后执行程序，我们就可以看到模拟器中的Hello World了。

图1

我们在整个过程中做的事情很少，在我们的main_activity.xml我们只有一个显示文本的TextView，但是在上图中却还多了一个title。我们好奇的是整个过程是怎么工作的？对于大型系统来说细节总是复杂的，在下水平有限，所以我们今天只来理一下它的基本脉络。

setContentView

一般来说我们设置页面的内容视图是都是通过setContentView方法，那么我们就以2.3源码为例就来看看Activity中的setContentView到底做了什么吧。

    /**     * Set the activity content from a layout resource.  The resource will be     * inflated, adding all top-level views to the activity.     *      * @param layoutResID Resource ID to be inflated.     */    public void setContentView(int layoutResID) {        getWindow().setContentView(layoutResID);    }         public Window getWindow() {        return mWindow;    }    private Window mWindow;

我们可以看到，实际上调用的mWindow的setContentView方法，在Android Touch事件分发过程这篇文章中我们已经指出Window的实现类为PhoneWindow类，我们就移步到PhoneWindow的setConentView吧，核心源码如下 :

    @Override    public void setContentView(int layoutResID) {        if (mContentParent == null) {            installDecor();   // 1、生成DecorView        } else {            mContentParent.removeAllViews();        }        mLayoutInflater.inflate(layoutResID, mContentParent);// 2、将layoutResId的布局添加到mContentParent中        final Callback cb = getCallback();        if (cb != null) {            cb.onContentChanged();        }    }        // 构建mDecor对象,并且初始化标题栏和Content Parent(我们要显示的内容区域)        private void installDecor() {        if (mDecor == null) {            mDecor = generateDecor();          // 3、构建DecorView            mDecor.setDescendantFocusability(ViewGroup.FOCUS_AFTER_DESCENDANTS);            mDecor.setIsRootNamespace(true);        }        if (mContentParent == null) {            mContentParent = generateLayout(mDecor);              // 4、获取ContentView容器，即显示内容的区域            mTitleView = (TextView)findViewById(com.android.internal.R.id.title); 5、设置Title等            if (mTitleView != null) {                if ((getLocalFeatures() & (1 << FEATURE_NO_TITLE)) != 0) {                    View titleContainer = findViewById(com.android.internal.R.id.title_container);                    if (titleContainer != null) {                        titleContainer.setVisibility(View.GONE);                    } else {                        mTitleView.setVisibility(View.GONE);                    }                    if (mContentParent instanceof FrameLayout) {                        ((FrameLayout)mContentParent).setForeground(null);                    }                } else {                    mTitleView.setText(mTitle);                }            }        }    }        protected DecorView generateDecor() {        return new DecorView(getContext(), -1);    // 构建mDecor对象    }

我们可以看到，setContentView的基本流程简单概括就是如下几步：

1、构建mDecor对象。mDecor就是整个窗口的顶层视图，它主要包含了Title和Content View两个区域（参考图1中的两个区域），Title区域就是我们的标题栏，Content View区域就是显示我们xml布局内容中的区域。关于mDecor对象更多说明也请参考Android Touch事件分发过程这篇文章；

2、设置一些关于窗口的属性，初始化标题栏区域和内容显示区域；

这里比较复杂的就是generateLayout(mDecor)这个函数，我们一起来分析一下吧。

     // 返回用于显示我们设置的页面内容的ViewGroup容器     protected ViewGroup generateLayout(DecorView decor) {        // Apply data from current theme.        // 1、获取窗口的Style属性        TypedArray a = getWindowStyle();        if (false) {            System.out.println("From style:");            String s = "Attrs:";            for (int i = 0; i < com.android.internal.R.styleable.Window.length; i++) {                s = s + " " + Integer.toHexString(com.android.internal.R.styleable.Window[i]) + "="                        + a.getString(i);            }            System.out.println(s);        }        // 窗口是否是浮动的        mIsFloating = a.getBoolean(com.android.internal.R.styleable.Window_windowIsFloating, false);        int flagsToUpdate = (FLAG_LAYOUT_IN_SCREEN|FLAG_LAYOUT_INSET_DECOR)                & (~getForcedWindowFlags());        if (mIsFloating) {            setLayout(WRAP_CONTENT, WRAP_CONTENT);            setFlags(0, flagsToUpdate);        } else {            setFlags(FLAG_LAYOUT_IN_SCREEN|FLAG_LAYOUT_INSET_DECOR, flagsToUpdate);        }        // 设置是否不显示title区域        if (a.getBoolean(com.android.internal.R.styleable.Window_windowNoTitle, false)) {            requestFeature(FEATURE_NO_TITLE);        }        // 设置全屏的flag        if (a.getBoolean(com.android.internal.R.styleable.Window_windowFullscreen, false)) {            setFlags(FLAG_FULLSCREEN, FLAG_FULLSCREEN&(~getForcedWindowFlags()));        }        if (a.getBoolean(com.android.internal.R.styleable.Window_windowShowWallpaper, false)) {            setFlags(FLAG_SHOW_WALLPAPER, FLAG_SHOW_WALLPAPER&(~getForcedWindowFlags()));        }        WindowManager.LayoutParams params = getAttributes();        // 设置输入法模式        if (!hasSoftInputMode()) {            params.softInputMode = a.getInt(                    com.android.internal.R.styleable.Window_windowSoftInputMode,                    params.softInputMode);        }        if (a.getBoolean(com.android.internal.R.styleable.Window_backgroundDimEnabled,                mIsFloating)) {            /* All dialogs should have the window dimmed */            if ((getForcedWindowFlags()&WindowManager.LayoutParams.FLAG_DIM_BEHIND) == 0) {                params.flags |= WindowManager.LayoutParams.FLAG_DIM_BEHIND;            }            params.dimAmount = a.getFloat(                    android.R.styleable.Window_backgroundDimAmount, 0.5f);        }        // 窗口动画        if (params.windowAnimations == 0) {            params.windowAnimations = a.getResourceId(                    com.android.internal.R.styleable.Window_windowAnimationStyle, 0);        }        // The rest are only done if this window is not embedded; otherwise,        // the values are inherited from our container.        if (getContainer() == null) {            if (mBackgroundDrawable == null) {                if (mBackgroundResource == 0) {                    mBackgroundResource = a.getResourceId(                            com.android.internal.R.styleable.Window_windowBackground, 0);                }                if (mFrameResource == 0) {                    mFrameResource = a.getResourceId(com.android.internal.R.styleable.Window_windowFrame, 0);                }                if (false) {                    System.out.println("Background: "                            + Integer.toHexString(mBackgroundResource) + " Frame: "                            + Integer.toHexString(mFrameResource));                }            }            mTextColor = a.getColor(com.android.internal.R.styleable.Window_textColor, 0xFF000000);        }        // Inflate the window decor.         // 2、根据一些属性来选择不同的顶层视图布局,例如设置了FEATURE_NO_TITLE的属性，那么就选择没有Title区域的那么布局；        // layoutResource布局就是整个Activity的布局，其中含有title区域和content区域，content区域就是用来显示我通过        // setContentView设置进来的内容区域，也就是我们要显示的视图。        int layoutResource;        int features = getLocalFeatures();        // System.out.println("Features: 0x" + Integer.toHexString(features));        if ((features & ((1 << FEATURE_LEFT_ICON) | (1 << FEATURE_RIGHT_ICON))) != 0) {            if (mIsFloating) {                layoutResource = com.android.internal.R.layout.dialog_title_icons;            } else {                layoutResource = com.android.internal.R.layout.screen_title_icons;            }            // System.out.println("Title Icons!");        } else if ((features & ((1 << FEATURE_PROGRESS) | (1 << FEATURE_INDETERMINATE_PROGRESS))) != 0) {            // Special case for a window with only a progress bar (and title).            // XXX Need to have a no-title version of embedded windows.            layoutResource = com.android.internal.R.layout.screen_progress;            // System.out.println("Progress!");        } else if ((features & (1 << FEATURE_CUSTOM_TITLE)) != 0) {            // Special case for a window with a custom title.            // If the window is floating, we need a dialog layout            if (mIsFloating) {                layoutResource = com.android.internal.R.layout.dialog_custom_title;            } else {                layoutResource = com.android.internal.R.layout.screen_custom_title;            }        } else if ((features & (1 << FEATURE_NO_TITLE)) == 0) {            // If no other features and not embedded, only need a title.            // If the window is floating, we need a dialog layout            if (mIsFloating) {                layoutResource = com.android.internal.R.layout.dialog_title;            } else {                layoutResource = com.android.internal.R.layout.screen_title;            }            // System.out.println("Title!");        } else {            // Embedded, so no decoration is needed.            layoutResource = com.android.internal.R.layout.screen_simple;            // System.out.println("Simple!");        }        mDecor.startChanging();        // 3、加载视图        View in = mLayoutInflater.inflate(layoutResource, null);        // 4、将layoutResource的内容添加到mDecor中        decor.addView(in, new ViewGroup.LayoutParams(MATCH_PARENT, MATCH_PARENT));        // 5、获取到我们的内容显示区域，这是一个ViewGroup类型的，其实是FrameLayout        ViewGroup contentParent = (ViewGroup)findViewById(ID_ANDROID_CONTENT);        if (contentParent == null) {            throw new RuntimeException("Window couldn't find content container view");        }        if ((features & (1 << FEATURE_INDETERMINATE_PROGRESS)) != 0) {            ProgressBar progress = getCircularProgressBar(false);            if (progress != null) {                progress.setIndeterminate(true);            }        }        // 6、设置一些背景、title等属性        // Remaining setup -- of background and title -- that only applies        // to top-level windows.        if (getContainer() == null) {            Drawable drawable = mBackgroundDrawable;            if (mBackgroundResource != 0) {                drawable = getContext().getResources().getDrawable(mBackgroundResource);            }            mDecor.setWindowBackground(drawable);            drawable = null;            if (mFrameResource != 0) {                drawable = getContext().getResources().getDrawable(mFrameResource);            }            mDecor.setWindowFrame(drawable);            // System.out.println("Text=" + Integer.toHexString(mTextColor) +            // " Sel=" + Integer.toHexString(mTextSelectedColor) +            // " Title=" + Integer.toHexString(mTitleColor));            if (mTitleColor == 0) {                mTitleColor = mTextColor;            }            if (mTitle != null) {                setTitle(mTitle);            }            setTitleColor(mTitleColor);        }        mDecor.finishChanging();        return contentParent;    }

其实也就是这么几个步骤：

1、获取用户设置的一些属性与Flag；

2、根据一些属性选择不同的顶层视图布局，例如FEATURE_NO_TITLE则选择没有title的布局文件等；这里我们看一个与图1中符合的顶层布局吧，即layoutResource = com.android.internal.R.layout.screen_title的情形：

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?><LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"    android:orientation="vertical"    android:fitsSystemWindows="true">    <!-- Popout bar for action modes -->    <ViewStub android:id="@+id/action_mode_bar_stub"              android:inflatedId="@+id/action_mode_bar"              android:layout="@layout/action_mode_bar"              android:layout_width="match_parent"              android:layout_height="wrap_content" />    <!--  title区域-->    <FrameLayout        android:layout_width="match_parent"         android:layout_height="?android:attr/windowTitleSize"        style="?android:attr/windowTitleBackgroundStyle">        <TextView android:id="@android:id/title"             style="?android:attr/windowTitleStyle"            android:background="@null"            android:fadingEdge="horizontal"            android:gravity="center_vertical"            android:layout_width="match_parent"            android:layout_height="match_parent" />    </FrameLayout>    <!--内容显示区域, 例如main_activity.xml布局就会被放到这个ViewGroup下面 -->    <FrameLayout android:id="@android:id/content"        android:layout_width="match_parent"         android:layout_height="0dip"        android:layout_weight="1"        android:foregroundGravity="fill_horizontal|top"        android:foreground="?android:attr/windowContentOverlay" /></LinearLayout>

我们可以看到有两个区域，即title区域和content区域，generateLayout函数中的

 // 5、获取到我们的内容显示区域，这是一个ViewGroup类型的，其实是FrameLayout        ViewGroup contentParent = (ViewGroup)findViewById(ID_ANDROID_CONTENT);

获取的就是xml中id为content的FrameLayout，这个content就是我们的内容显示区域。整个布局对应的效果如下 :

这两个区域就组成了mDecor视图，我们的main_activity.xml就是放在内容视图这个区域的。

3、加载顶层布局文件，转换为View，将其添加到mDecor中；

4、获取内容容器Content Parent，即用于显示我们的内容的区域；

5、设置一些背景图和title等。

在经过这几步，我们就得到了mContentParent，这就是用来装载我们的视图的ViewGroup。再回过头来看setContentView函数：

    public void setContentView(int layoutResID) {        if (mContentParent == null) {            installDecor();   // 1、生成DecorView，并且根据窗口属性加载顶级视图布局、获取mContentParent、设置一些基本属性等        } else {            mContentParent.removeAllViews();        }        mLayoutInflater.inflate(layoutResID, mContentParent);// 2、将layoutResId加载到mContentParent中，这里的layoutResId就是我们的main_activity.xml        final Callback cb = getCallback();        if (cb != null) {            cb.onContentChanged();        }    }

我们看看LayoutInflater的inflate函数吧 :

    /**     * Inflate a new view hierarchy from the specified xml resource. Throws     * {@link InflateException} if there is an error.     *      * @param resource ID for an XML layout resource to load (e.g.,     *        <code>R.layout.main_page</code>)     * @param root Optional view to be the parent of the generated hierarchy.     * @return The root View of the inflated hierarchy. If root was supplied,     *         this is the root View; otherwise it is the root of the inflated     *         XML file.     */    public View inflate(int resource, ViewGroup root) {        return inflate(resource, root, root != null);    }    /**     * Inflate a new view hierarchy from the specified xml resource. Throws     * {@link InflateException} if there is an error.     *      * @param resource ID for an XML layout resource to load (e.g.,     *        R.layout.main_page)     * @param root Optional view to be the parent of the generated hierarchy (if     *        attachToRoot is true), or else simply an object that     *        provides a set of LayoutParams values for root of the returned     *        hierarchy (if attachToRoot is false.)     * @param attachToRoot Whether the inflated hierarchy should be attached to     *        the root parameter? If false, root is only used to create the     *        correct subclass of LayoutParams for the root view in the XML.     * @return The root View of the inflated hierarchy. If root was supplied and     *         attachToRoot is true, this is root; otherwise it is the root of     *         the inflated XML file.     */    public View inflate(int resource, ViewGroup root, boolean attachToRoot) {        if (DEBUG) System.out.println("INFLATING from resource: " + resource);        XmlResourceParser parser = getContext().getResources().getLayout(resource);        try {            return inflate(parser, root, attachToRoot);        } finally {            parser.close();        }    }

实际上就是将layoutResId这个布局的视图附加到mContentParent中。

DecorView

移步 : DecorView 。

ViewGroup

ViewGroup从语义上来说就是视图组，它也继承自View类，它其实就是视图的容器。我们看官方的定义 :

 * A ViewGroup is a special view that can contain other views * (called children.) The view group is the base class for layouts and views * containers. This class also defines the * {@link android.view.ViewGroup.LayoutParams} class which serves as the base * class for layouts parameters.

我们通过ViewGroup来组织、管理子视图，例如我们常见的FrameLayout、LinearLayout、RelativeLayout、ListView等都是ViewGroup类型，总之只要能包含其他View或者ViewGroup的都是ViewGroup类型。使用ViewGroup来构建视图树。

View

View就是UI界面上的一个可见的组件，任何在UI上可见的都为View的子类。我们看官方定义 :

 * This class represents the basic building block for user interface components. A View * occupies a rectangular area on the screen and is responsible for drawing and * event handling. View is the base class for <em>widgets</em>, which are * used to create interactive UI components (buttons, text fields, etc.). The * {@link android.view.ViewGroup} subclass is the base class for <em>layouts</em>, which * are invisible containers that hold other Views (or other ViewGroups) and define * their layout properties.