HDFS 的 Shell 操作

1.1基本语法
hadoop fs 具体命令 or hdfs dfs 具体命令（两个完全一样）
1.2命令大全

[atguigu@hadoop102 current]$ hadoop fs 
Usage: hadoop fs [generic options]
	[-appendToFile <localsrc> ... <dst>]
	[-cat [-ignoreCrc] <src> ...]
	[-checksum <src> ...]
	[-chgrp [-R] GROUP PATH...]
	[-chmod [-R] <MODE[,MODE]... | OCTALMODE> PATH...]
	[-chown [-R] [OWNER][:[GROUP]] PATH...]
	[-copyFromLocal [-f] [-p] [-l] [-d] [-t <thread count>] <localsrc> ... <dst>]
	[-copyToLocal [-f] [-p] [-ignoreCrc] [-crc] <src> ... <localdst>]
	[-count [-q] [-h] [-v] [-t [<storage type>]] [-u] [-x] [-e] <path> ...]
	[-cp [-f] [-p | -p[topax]] [-d] <src> ... <dst>]
	[-createSnapshot <snapshotDir> [<snapshotName>]]
	[-deleteSnapshot <snapshotDir> <snapshotName>]
	[-df [-h] [<path> ...]]
	[-du [-s] [-h] [-v] [-x] <path> ...]
	[-expunge]
	[-find <path> ... <expression> ...]
	[-get [-f] [-p] [-ignoreCrc] [-crc] <src> ... <localdst>]
	[-getfacl [-R] <path>]
	[-getfattr [-R] {-n name | -d} [-e en] <path>]
	[-getmerge [-nl] [-skip-empty-file] <src> <localdst>]
	[-head <file>]
	[-help [cmd ...]]
	[-ls [-C] [-d] [-h] [-q] [-R] [-t] [-S] [-r] [-u] [-e] [<path> ...]]
	[-mkdir [-p] <path> ...]
	[-moveFromLocal <localsrc> ... <dst>]
	[-moveToLocal <src> <localdst>]
	[-mv <src> ... <dst>]
	[-put [-f] [-p] [-l] [-d] <localsrc> ... <dst>]
	[-renameSnapshot <snapshotDir> <oldName> <newName>]
	[-rm [-f] [-r|-R] [-skipTrash] [-safely] <src> ...]
	[-rmdir [--ignore-fail-on-non-empty] <dir> ...]
	[-setfacl [-R] [{-b|-k} {-m|-x <acl_spec>} <path>]|[--set <acl_spec> <path>]]
	[-setfattr {-n name [-v value] | -x name} <path>]
	[-setrep [-R] [-w] <rep> <path> ...]
	[-stat [format] <path> ...]
	[-tail [-f] [-s <sleep interval>] <file>]
	[-test -[defsz] <path>]
	[-text [-ignoreCrc] <src> ...]
	[-touch [-a] [-m] [-t TIMESTAMP ] [-c] <path> ...]
	[-touchz <path> ...]
	[-truncate [-w] <length> <path> ...]
	[-usage [cmd ...]]

Generic options supported are:
-conf <configuration file>        specify an application configuration file
-D <property=value>               define a value for a given property
-fs <file:///|hdfs://namenode:port> specify default filesystem URL to use, overrides 'fs.defaultFS' property from configurations.
-jt <local|resourcemanager:port>  specify a ResourceManager
-files <file1,...>                specify a comma-separated list of files to be copied to the map reduce cluster
-libjars <jar1,...>               specify a comma-separated list of jar files to be included in the classpath
-archives <archive1,...>          specify a comma-separated list of archives to be unarchived on the compute machines

The general command line syntax is:
command [genericOptions] [commandOptions]

1.3常用命令操作
1.3.1准备工作
1）启动hadoop集群

[atguigu@hadoop102 hadoop-3.1.3]$ sbin/start-dfs.sh
[atguigu@hadoop103 hadoop-3.1.3]$ sbin/start-yarn.sh

2）-help：输出这个命令参数

[atguigu@hadoop102 hadoop-3.1.3]$ hadoop fs -help rm

3）创建/sanguo 文件夹

[atguigu@hadoop102 hadoop-3.1.3]$ hadoop fs -mkdir /sanguo

1.3.2上传
1）-moveFromLocal：从本地剪切粘贴到 HDFS

[atguigu@hadoop102 hadoop-3.1.3]$ vim shuguo.txt
输入：
shuguo
[atguigu@hadoop102 hadoop-3.1.3]$ hadoop fs -moveFromLocal ./shuguo.txt 
/sanguo

2）-copyFromLocal：从本地文件系统中拷贝文件到 HDFS 路径去

[atguigu@hadoop102 hadoop-3.1.3]$ vim weiguo.txt
输入：
weiguo
[atguigu@hadoop102 hadoop-3.1.3]$ hadoop fs -copyFromLocal weiguo.txt 
/sanguo

3）-put：等同于 copyFromLocal，生产环境更习惯用 put

[atguigu@hadoop102 hadoop-3.1.3]$ vim wuguo.txt
输入：
wuguo
[atguigu@hadoop102 hadoop-3.1.3]$ hadoop fs -put ./wuguo.txt /sanguo

4）-appendToFile：追加一个文件到已经存在的文件末尾

[atguigu@hadoop102 hadoop-3.1.3]$ vim liubei.txt
输入：
liubei
[atguigu@hadoop102 hadoop-3.1.3]$ hadoop fs -appendToFile liubei.txt 
/sanguo/shuguo.txt

1.3.3下载
1）-copyToLocal：从 HDFS 拷贝到本地

[atguigu@hadoop102 hadoop-3.1.3]$ hadoop fs -copyToLocal 
/sanguo/shuguo.txt ./

2）-get：等同于 copyToLocal，生产环境更习惯用 get

[atguigu@hadoop102 hadoop-3.1.3]$ hadoop fs -get 
/sanguo/shuguo.txt ./shuguo2.txt

1.3.4 HDFS 直接操作
1）-ls: 显示目录信息

[atguigu@hadoop102 hadoop-3.1.3]$ hadoop fs -ls /sanguo

2）-cat：显示文件内容

[atguigu@hadoop102 hadoop-3.1.3]$ hadoop fs -cat /sanguo/shuguo.txt

3）-chgrp、-chmod、-chown：Linux 文件系统中的用法一样，修改文件所属权限

[atguigu@hadoop102 hadoop-3.1.3]$ hadoop fs -chmod 666 
/sanguo/shuguo.txt
[atguigu@hadoop102 hadoop-3.1.3]$ hadoop fs -chown atguigu:atguigu 
/sanguo/shuguo.txt

4）-mkdir：创建路径

[atguigu@hadoop102 hadoop-3.1.3]$ hadoop fs -mkdir /jinguo

5）-cp：从 HDFS 的一个路径拷贝到 HDFS 的另一个路径

[atguigu@hadoop102 hadoop-3.1.3]$ hadoop fs -cp /sanguo/shuguo.txt 
/jinguo

6）-mv：在 HDFS 目录中移动文件

[atguigu@hadoop102 hadoop-3.1.3]$ hadoop fs -mv /sanguo/wuguo.txt /jinguo
[atguigu@hadoop102 hadoop-3.1.3]$ hadoop fs -mv /sanguo/weiguo.txt 
/jinguo

7）-tail：显示一个文件的末尾 1kb 的数据

[atguigu@hadoop102 hadoop-3.1.3]$ hadoop fs -tail /jinguo/shuguo.txt

8）-rm：删除文件或文件夹

[atguigu@hadoop102 hadoop-3.1.3]$ hadoop fs -rm /sanguo/shuguo.txt

9）-rm -r：递归删除目录及目录里面内容

[atguigu@hadoop102 hadoop-3.1.3]$ hadoop fs -rm -r /sanguo

10）-du 统计文件夹的大小信息

[atguigu@hadoop102 hadoop-3.1.3]$ hadoop fs -du -s -h /jinguo

27 81 /jinguo

[atguigu@hadoop102 hadoop-3.1.3]$ hadoop fs -du -h /jinguo

14 42 /jinguo/shuguo.txt
7 21 /jinguo/weiguo.txt
6 18 /jinguo/wuguo.tx

说明：27 表示文件大小；81 表示 27*3 个副本；/jinguo 表示查看的目录
11）-setrep：设置 HDFS 中文件的副本数量

[atguigu@hadoop102 hadoop-3.1.3]$ hadoop fs -setrep 10 /jinguo/shuguo.txt

这里设置的副本数只是记录在 NameNode 的元数据中，是否真的会有这么多副本，还得
看 DataNode 的数量。因为目前只有 3 台设备，最多也就 3 个副本，只有节点数的增加到 10
台时，副本数才能达到 10。