Java 多线程循环打印

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一、标志变量 + 互斥锁

标志变量用于标识当前应该是哪个线程进行输出，互斥锁用于保证对标志变量的互斥访问。

public class Main {
    private static int globalTag = 0;  // 标志变量
    private static final Lock LOCK = new ReentrantLock();  // 互斥锁
    private static final int TIMES = 10;

    @Data
    @Accessors(chain = true)
    private static class MyRunnable implements Runnable {
        private int myTag;

        @Override
        public void run() {
            for (int i = 0; i < TIMES; i++) {
                try {
                    // 加锁
                    LOCK.lock();

                    // 让权等待
                    while (myTag != globalTag) {
                        LOCK.unlock();
                        Thread.yield();
                        LOCK.lock();
                    }

                    // 输出
                    System.out.print(myTag + 1);
                    
                    // 修改标志位
                    globalTag = (globalTag + 1) % 3;
                } finally {
                    // 解锁
                    LOCK.unlock();
                }
            }
        }
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        new Thread(new MyRunnable().setMyTag(0)).start();
        new Thread(new MyRunnable().setMyTag(1)).start();
        new Thread(new MyRunnable().setMyTag(2)).start();
    }
}

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二、标志变量 + 互斥锁 + 条件变量

public class Main {
    private static int globalTag = 0;  // 标志变量
    private static final Lock LOCK = new ReentrantLock();  // 互斥锁
    private static final Condition CONDITION = LOCK.newCondition();  // 条件变量
    private static final int TIMES = 10;

    @Data
    @Accessors(chain = true)
    private static class MyRunnable implements Runnable {
        private int myTag;

        @Override
        public void run() {
            for (int i = 0; i < TIMES; i++) {
                try {
                    // 加锁
                    LOCK.lock();
                    
                    // 让权等待
                    while (myTag != globalTag) {
                        CONDITION.await();
                    }
                    
                    // 输出
                    System.out.print(myTag + 1);

					// 修改标志位
                    globalTag = (globalTag + 1) % 3;

                    // 唤醒其他等待的线程
                    CONDITION.signalAll();
                } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                    Thread.currentThread().interrupt();
                } finally {
                    // 解锁
                    LOCK.unlock();
                }
            }
        }
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        new Thread(new MyRunnable().setMyTag(0)).start();
        new Thread(new MyRunnable().setMyTag(1)).start();
        new Thread(new MyRunnable().setMyTag(2)).start();
    }
}

三、标志变量 + synchronized

public class Main {
    private static int globalTag = 0;  // 标志变量
    private static final int TIMES = 10;

    @Data
    @Accessors(chain = true)
    private static class MyRunnable implements Runnable {
        private int myTag;

        @Override
        public void run() {
            for (int i = 0; i < TIMES; i++) {
                while (true) {
                    synchronized (MyRunnable.class) {
                        if (myTag == globalTag) {
                            // 输出
                            System.out.print(myTag + 1);
                            
                            // 修改标志位
                            globalTag = (globalTag + 1) % 3;

                            // 退出循环
                            break;
                        }
                    }
                }
            }
        }
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        new Thread(new MyRunnable().setMyTag(0)).start();
        new Thread(new MyRunnable().setMyTag(1)).start();
        new Thread(new MyRunnable().setMyTag(2)).start();
    }
}

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四、原子变量

public class Main {
    private static final AtomicInteger GLOBAL_TAG = new AtomicInteger(0);
    private static final int TIMES = 10;

    @Data
    @Accessors(chain = true)
    private static class MyRunnable implements Runnable {
        private int myTag;

        @Override
        public void run() {
            for (int i = 0; i < TIMES; i++) {
                // 让权等待
                while (GLOBAL_TAG.get() != myTag) {
                    Thread.yield();
                }

                // 输出
                System.out.print(myTag + 1);
                
                // 修改标志位
                GLOBAL_TAG.set((GLOBAL_TAG.get() + 1) % 3);
            }
        }
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        new Thread(new MyRunnable().setMyTag(0)).start();
        new Thread(new MyRunnable().setMyTag(1)).start();
        new Thread(new MyRunnable().setMyTag(2)).start();
    }
}

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五、volatile

public class Main {
    private static volatile int GLOBAL_TAG = 0;
    private static final int TIMES = 10;

    @Data
    @Accessors(chain = true)
    private static class MyRunnable implements Runnable {
        private int myTag;

        @Override
        public void run() {
            for (int i = 0; i < TIMES; i++) {
                // 让权等待
                while (GLOBAL_TAG != myTag) {
                    Thread.yield();
                }

                // 输出
                System.out.print(myTag + 1);

                // 修改标志位
                GLOBAL_TAG = (myTag + 1) % 3;
            }
        }
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        new Thread(new MyRunnable().setMyTag(0)).start();
        new Thread(new MyRunnable().setMyTag(1)).start();
        new Thread(new MyRunnable().setMyTag(2)).start();
    }
}

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六、信号量

public class Main {
    private static final Semaphore[] semaphores = new Semaphore[3];
    private static final int TIMES = 10;

    static {
        semaphores[0] = new Semaphore(1);
        semaphores[1] = new Semaphore(0);
        semaphores[2] = new Semaphore(0);
    }

    @Data
    @Accessors(chain = true)
    private static class MyRunnable implements Runnable {
        private int myTag;

        @Override
        public void run() {
            try {
                for (int i = 0; i < TIMES; i++) {
                    // 获取信号量
                    semaphores[myTag].acquire();
                    
                    // 输出
                    System.out.print(myTag + 1);
                    
                    // 释放信号量
                    semaphores[(myTag + 1) % 3].release();
                }
            } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                Thread.currentThread().interrupt();
            }
        }
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        new Thread(new MyRunnable().setMyTag(0)).start();
        new Thread(new MyRunnable().setMyTag(1)).start();
        new Thread(new MyRunnable().setMyTag(2)).start();
    }
}