numpy

import numpy as np
A=np.arange(2,14).reshape((3,4))
print(np.argmin(A))#索引
print(np.argmax(A))
0
11
A
array([[ 2, 3, 4, 5],
[ 6, 7, 8, 9],
[10, 11, 12, 13]])
#np.mean(A)和A.mean()意义一样
#np.cumsum(A)累加
array([ 2, 5, 9, 14, 20, 27, 35, 44, 54, 65, 77, 90], dtype=int32)
#累差np.diff(A)
array([[1, 1, 1],
[1, 1, 1],
[1, 1, 1]])
np.transpose(A)
array([[ 2, 6, 10],
[ 3, 7, 11],
[ 4, 8, 12],
[ 5, 9, 13]])
A.T.dot(A)
array([[140, 158, 176, 194],
[158, 179, 200, 221],
[176, 200, 224, 248],
[194, 221, 248, 275]])
np.clip(A,5,9)
array([[5, 5, 5, 5],
[6, 7, 8, 9],
[9, 9, 9, 9]])
把所有大于9的变为9，把所有小于5的变为5
np.mean(A,axis=1)#按行计算平均数
array([ 3.5, 7.5, 11.5])
A
array([[ 2, 3, 4, 5],
[ 6, 7, 8, 9],
[10, 11, 12, 13]])
np.min(A,axis=1)#每行最小值
array([ 2, 6, 10])
np.min(A,axis=0)#每列最小值
array([2, 3, 4, 5])
b = np.arange(3,15).reshape((3,4))
print(b[2][1])#和b[2,1]一样
print(b[2,1])
12
12
b
array([[ 3, 4, 5, 6],
[ 7, 8, 9, 10],
[11, 12, 13, 14]])
for row in b:
print(row)#迭代打印出每行
[3 4 5 6]
[ 7 8 9 10]
[11 12 13 14]
for column in b.T:
print(column)#没有打印每列，只能转置
[ 3 7 11]
[ 4 8 12]
[ 5 9 13]
[ 6 10 14]
for item in b.flat:
print(item)#打印出每项
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
a = np.array([1,1,1])
b = np.array([2,2,2])
c = np.vstack((a,b))#按行堆积，上下
c
array([[1, 1, 1],
[2, 2, 2]])
np.hstack((a,b))#按列堆积，左右
array([1, 1, 1, 2, 2, 2])
a_new = a[np.newaxis,:]#添加一个新轴
a_new.shape
(1, 3)
A=a[:,np.newaxis]
B = b[:,np.newaxis]
np.concatenate((A,B),axis=1)
array([[1, 2],
[1, 2],
[1, 2]])
np.concatenate((A,B),axis=0)
array([[1],
[1],
[1],
[2],
[2],
[2]])
分割array
A = np.arange(12).reshape((3,4))
A
array([[ 0, 1, 2, 3],
[ 4, 5, 6, 7],
[ 8, 9, 10, 11]])
np.split(A,2,axis=1)#纵向分割
[array([[0, 1],
[4, 5],
[8, 9]]), array([[ 2, 3],
[ 6, 7],
[10, 11]])]
np.array_split(A,3,axis=1)#可以完成不均匀分割
[array([[0, 1],
[4, 5],
[8, 9]]), array([[ 2],
[ 6],
[10]]), array([[ 3],
[ 7],
[11]])]
np.vsplit(A,3)#按列所在方向分割
[array([[0, 1, 2, 3]]), array([[4, 5, 6, 7]]), array([[ 8, 9, 10, 11]])]
np.hsplit(A,2)#按行所在方向分割
[array([[0, 1],
[4, 5],
[8, 9]]), array([[ 2, 3],
[ 6, 7],
[10, 11]])]
numpy的copy和deepcopy
a = np.arange(4)
b=a
c=b
b
array([0, 1, 2, 3])
b is a
True
c is a
True
c[0] = 11
c
array([11, 1, 2, 3])
a
array([11, 1, 2, 3])
这里所有的b,c都是a,改变b,c就会改变a

id(a)
2120052777488
id(b)
2120052777488
若是想要a的值，又不想关联a，则可用copy

b = a.copy()
a
array([11, 1, 2, 3])
a[3]=44
a
array([11, 1, 2, 44])
b#此时b没有改变,deepcopy
array([11, 1, 2, 3])
​