OpenCV彩色直方图

重点：

（1）直方图是图像中像素强度分布
（2）直方图统计了每一个强度值所具有的像素个数
（3）cv2.calcHist(images,channels,mask,histSize,ranges)

代码实现：

# 1 导入库
import cv2
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import numpy as np

# 2 方法：显示图片
def show_image(image, title, pos):
    plt.subplot(3, 2, pos)# 定义一个三行两列的位置，pos为显示的位置
    plt.title(title)
    image_RGB = image[:, :, ::-1] # BGR to RGB
    plt.imshow(image_RGB)
    plt.axis("off")


# 3 方法：显示彩色直方图 b, g, r
def show_histogram(hist, title, pos, color):
    plt.subplot(3, 2, pos)
    plt.title(title)
    plt.xlim([0, 256])
    for h, c in zip(hist, color): #color :('b', 'g', 'r')
        plt.plot(h, color=c)
# 4 方法：计算直方图
def calc_color_hist(image):
    # b, g, r
    hist = []
    hist.append(cv2.calcHist([image], [0], None, [256], [0, 256]))
    hist.append(cv2.calcHist([image], [1], None, [256], [0, 256]))
    hist.append(cv2.calcHist([image], [2], None, [256], [0, 256]))
    return hist

# 5 主函数
def main():
    # 5 创建画布
    plt.figure(figsize=(12, 8))
    plt.suptitle("Color Histogram", fontsize=4, fontweight='bold')

    # 5.2 读取原图片
    img = cv2.imread("1.jpg")

    # 5.3 计算直方图
    img_hist = calc_color_hist(img)

    # 5.4 显示图片和直方图
    show_image(img, "RGB Image", 1)
    show_histogram(img_hist, "RGB Image Hist", 2, ('b', 'g', 'r') )

    # 5.5 原始图片中的每个像素增加50个像素值
    M = np.ones(img.shape, dtype="uint8") * 50
    added_image = cv2.add(img, M)# 像素一一对应相加
    added_image_hist = calc_color_hist(added_image)
    show_image(added_image, "added image", 3)
    show_histogram(added_image_hist, "added image hist", 4, ('b', 'g', 'r'))

    # 5.6 原始图片中的每个像素减少50个像素值
    subtracted_image =cv2.subtract(img, M)
    subtracted_image_hist = calc_color_hist(subtracted_image)
    show_image(subtracted_image, "subtracted image", 5)
    show_histogram(subtracted_image_hist, "subtracted image hist", 6, ('b', 'g', 'r'))


    plt.show()


if __name__ == '__main__':
    main()

运行结果