学生信息管理系统笔记python
一、需求分析
应具备的功能:
- 添加学生信息及成绩信息
- 将学生信息保存在文件中
- 修改和删除学生信息
- 查询学生信息
- 根据学生成绩进行排序
- 统计学生总分
二、系统设计
学生信息管理系统的7大模块
-
录入学生信息模块
-
查找学生信息
-
删除学生信息
-
修改学生信息
-
学生成绩排名
-
统计学生总人数
-
显示全部学生信息
四、系统实现
main()
menu()
search()
delete()
modify()
insert()
total()
show()
sort()
五、打包项目生存exe文件
安装第三方包
pip install PyInstaller
打开命令行,打包exe
pyinstaller -F “D:\Program Files (x86)\pycharm\PythonProject\studentsys\stusystem.py”
图片中标红位置为exe程序存储位置。
图片中标红位置为exe程序存储位置。
六、代码实现
import os.path
filename = 'students.txt'
def main():
while True:
menu()
choice = int(input('请选择功能'))
if choice in [0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7]:
if choice == 0:
answer = input('您确定退出系统吗?y/n')
if answer == 'y' or answer == 'Y':
print("欢迎您的使用!!")
break
else:
continue
elif choice == 1:
insert()
elif choice == 2:
search()
elif choice == 3:
delete()
elif choice == 4:
modify()
elif choice == 5:
sort()
elif choice == 6:
total()
elif choice == 7:
show()
input()
def menu():
print('==================学生信息管理系统==============')
print('===============功能菜单==================')
print('\t\t\t1. 录入学生信息')
print('\t\t\t2. 查找学生信息')
print('\t\t\t3. 删除学生信息')
print('\t\t\t4. 修改学生信息')
print('\t\t\t5. 对学生成绩进行排序')
print('\t\t\t6. 统计学生总人数')
print('\t\t\t7. 显示所有学生信息')
print('\t\t\t0. 退出程序')
print('======================================')
def insert():
student_list = []
while True:
id = input("请输入ID:")
if not id:
break
name = input("请输入姓名:")
if not name:
break
try:
english = int(input("请输入英语成绩:"))
python = int(input("请输入python成绩:"))
java = int(input("请输入Java成绩:"))
except:
print("输入无效,请重新输入")
# 将录入的学生信息保存在字典中
student = {'id': id, 'name': name, 'english': english, 'python': python, 'java': java}
# 将学生信息添加到列表中
student_list.append(student)
answer = input("是否继续添加y/n?")
if answer == 'y':
continue
else:
break
# 调用save函数保存信息
save(student_list)
print("学生信息保存成功")
def save(lst):
try:
stu_txt = open(filename, 'a', encoding='utf-8')
except:
stu_txt = open(filename, 'w', encoding='utf-8')
for item in lst:
stu_txt.write(str(item) + '\n')
stu_txt.close()
def search():
student_query = []
while True:
id = ''
name = ''
if os.path.exists(filename):
mode = input("按ID查找请按1,按姓名查找请按2:")
if mode == '1':
id = input("请输入学生ID:")
elif mode == '2':
name = input("请输入学生新明:")
else:
print("输入有误,请重新输入")
search()
with open(filename, 'r', encoding='utf-8') as file:
student = file.readlines()
for item in student:
d = dict(eval(item))
if id != '':
if d['id'] == id:
student_query.append(d)
elif name != '':
if d['name'] == name:
student_query.append(d)
show_query(student_query)
# 清空列表
student_query.clear()
answer = input("是否继续查询?y/n")
if answer == 'y':
continue
else:
break
else:
print("无学生信息")
return
def show_query(lst):
if len(lst) == 0:
print("无相关信息")
return
# 定义标题显示格式
format_title = '{:^6}\t{:^12}\t{:^8}\t{:^10}\t{:^10}\t{:^8}'
print(format_title.format('ID', '姓名', '英语成绩', 'python成绩', 'Java成绩', '总成绩'))
# 定义内容显示格式
format_data = '{:^6}\t{:^12}\t{:^8}\t{:^10}\t{:^10}\t{:^8}'
for item in lst:
print(format_data.format(item.get('id'),
item.get('name'),
item.get('english'),
item.get('english'),
item.get('java'),
int( item.get('english')) + int( item.get('english')) + int( item.get('java'))
))
def delete():
while True:
student_id = input("请输入删除学生的ID:")
if student_id != '':
if os.path.exists(filename):
with open(filename,'r',encoding='utf-8') as file:
student_old = file.readlines()
else:
student_old = []
flag = False
if student_old: # 空列表等于 False,非空列表等于True
with open(filename,'w',encoding='utf-8') as wfile:
# 只用于写入。如果该文件已存在则打开文件,并从开头开始编辑,即原有内容会被删除
d = {}
for item in student_old:
d = dict(eval(item)) # 将字符串转换为字典
if d['id'] != student_id:
wfile.write(str(d)+'\n')
else:
flag = True
if flag:
print(f'id为{student_id}的学生信息已被删除')
else:
print(f'没有找到学生ID为{student_id}的学生')
else:
print("无学生信息")
break
show()
answer = input("是否继续删除?y/n")
if answer == 'y':
continue
else:
break
def modify():
show()
if os.path.exists(filename):
with open(filename, 'r', encoding='utf-8') as file:
student_old = file.readlines()
else:
return
student_id = input("请输入修改学生的ID:")
with open(filename, 'w', encoding='utf-8') as wfile:
for item in student_old:
d = {}
d = dict(eval(item))
if d['id'] == student_id:
print("已经找到学生信息,请修改相关信息")
while True:
try:
d['name'] = input("请输入姓名")
d['english'] = input("请输入英语成绩")
d['python'] = input("请输入python成绩")
d['java'] = input("请输入Java成绩")
except:
print("输入有误,请重新输入")
else:
break
wfile.write(str(d) + '\n')
print("修改成功")
else:
wfile.write(str(d)+'\n')
answer = input("是否继续修改其他学生信息?y/n")
if answer == 'y':
modify()
else:
return
def sort():
show()
if os.path.exists(filename):
with open(filename, 'r', encoding= 'utf-8') as file:
students = file.readlines()
students_new = []
for item in students:
d = dict(eval(item))
students_new.append(d)
else:
return
# 排序方式
asc_or_desc = input("请选择升序 0 还是降序 1?")
if asc_or_desc == '0':
asc_or_desc_bool = False
elif asc_or_desc == '1':
asc_or_desc_bool = True
else:
print("输入有误,请重新输入")
sort()
mode = input("请选择排序方式(1.英语 2.python 3.Java 4.总成绩):")
if mode == '1':
students_new.sort(key=lambda x : int(x['english']), reverse=asc_or_desc_bool)
# x 代表列表students_new中的项
elif mode == '2':
students_new.sort(key=lambda x: int(x['python']), reverse=asc_or_desc_bool)
elif mode == '3':
students_new.sort(key=lambda x: int(x['java']), reverse=asc_or_desc_bool)
elif mode == '4':
students_new.sort(key=lambda x: int(x['english']) + int(x['python']) + int(x['java']), reverse=asc_or_desc_bool)
else:
print("输入有误,请重新输入")
show_query(students_new)
def total():
if os.path.exists(filename):
with open(filename, 'r', encoding='utf-8') as file:
students = file.readlines()
if students:
print(f"总共有{len(students)}名学生")
else:
print("无学生信息")
else:
print("无学生信息")
def show():
student_query = []
if os.path.exists(filename):
with open(filename, 'r', encoding='utf-8') as file:
student = file.readlines()
for item in student:
d = dict(eval(item))
student_query.append(d)
show_query(student_query)
# 清空列表
student_query.clear()
else:
print("无学生信息")
return
if __name__ == '__main__':
main()