数组与动态数组

1、数组的基本操作

int main() {
    // 1. Initialize
    int a0[5];
    int a1[5] = {1, 2, 3};  // other element will be set as the default value
    // 2. Get Length
    int size = sizeof(a1) / sizeof(*a1);
    cout << "The size of a1 is: " << size << endl;
    // 3. Access Element
    cout << "The first element is: " << a1[0] << endl;
    // 4. Iterate all Elements
    cout << "[Version 1] The contents of a1 are:";
    for (int i = 0; i < size; ++i) {
        cout << " " << a1[i];
    }
    cout << endl;
    cout << "[Version 2] The contents of a1 are:";
    for (int& item: a1) {
        cout << " " << item;
    }
    cout << endl;
    // 5. Modify Element
    a1[0] = 4;
    // 6. Sort
    sort(a1, a1 + size);
}

2、动态数组的基本操作

大多数编程语言都提供内置的动态数组，它仍然是一个随机存取的列表数据结构，但大小是可变的。例如，在 C++ 中的 vector

int main() {
    // 1. initialize
    vector<int> v0;
    vector<int> v1(5, 0);
    // 2. make a copy
    vector<int> v2(v1.begin(), v1.end());
    vector<int> v3(v2);
    // 2. cast an array to a vector，地址取地址二级指针，加1就直接移动一个数组的大小## 标题
    int a[5] = {0, 1, 2, 3, 4};
    vector<int> v4(a, *(&a + 1));
    // 3. get length
    cout << "The size of v4 is: " << v4.size() << endl;
    // 4. access element
    cout << "The first element in v4 is: " << v4[0] << endl;
    // 5. iterate the vector
    cout << "[Version 1] The contents of v4 are:";
    for (int i = 0; i < v4.size(); ++i) {
        cout << " " << v4[i];
    }
    cout << endl;
    cout << "[Version 2] The contents of v4 are:";
    for (int& item : v4) {
        cout << " " << item;
    }
    cout << endl;
    cout << "[Version 3] The contents of v4 are:";
    for (auto item = v4.begin(); item != v4.end(); ++item) {
        cout << " " << *item;
    }
    cout << endl;
    // 6. modify element
    v4[0] = 5;
    // 7. sort
    sort(v4.begin(), v4.end());
    // 8. add new element at the end of the vector
    v4.push_back(-1);
    // 9. delete the last element
    v4.pop_back();
}

下文来源于链接: https://www.cnblogs.com/Tang-tangt/p/9352093.html.

最大值最小值

可以用max_element（）及min_element（）函数，二者返回的都是迭代器或指针。
头文件：#include

1.求数组的最大值或最小值

1）vector容器
例 vector vec
最大值：int maxValue = *max_element(v.begin(),v.end());
最小值：int minValue = *min_element(v.begin(),v.end());
2）普通数组
例 a[]={1,2,3,4,5,6};
最大值：int maxValue = *max_element(a,a+6);
最小值：int minValue = *min_element(a,a+6);

2.求数组最大值最小值对应的下标

1）vector容器
例 vector vec
最大值下标：int maxPosition = max_element(v.begin(),v.end()) - v.begin();
最小值下标：int minPosition = min_element(v.begin(),v.end()) - v.begin();
2）普通数组
例 a[]={1,2,3,4,5,6};
最大值下标：int maxPosition = max_element(a,a+6) - a;
最小值下标：int minPosition = min_element(a,a+6) - a;