matlablib经典题目

1. 绘制一个柱状图，写出代码

import numpy as np
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
from matplotlib.pyplot import MultipleLocator#从pyplot导入MultipleLocator类，这个类用于设置刻度间隔

#x坐标['A', 'B', 'C', 'D', 'E', 'F', 'G', 'H']
x_list = []
for i in range(65,73):
    x_list.append(chr(i))
#y坐标
data = [2.5,1,4,4.5,8,8.5,6.5,2]
plt.bar(x_list,data)
#设置y轴刻度
y_major_locator=MultipleLocator(2)#把y轴的刻度间隔设置为2，并存在变量里
ax=plt.gca()#ax为两条坐标轴的实例
ax.yaxis.set_major_locator(y_major_locator)#把y轴的主刻度设置为2的倍数
plt.ylim(0,9)#把y轴的刻度范围设置为0到9
plt.show()

import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
x = [1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8]
y = [3,1,4,5,8,9,7,2]
label=['A','B','C','D','E','F','G','H']
 
plt.bar(x,y,tick_label = label);

2. 绘制 x=(0,10)间 sin 的图像，设置线性为虚线

import numpy as np
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
x = np.linspace(0, 10, 30)#第单个参数决定图形构成元素数量可以改为80
plt.plot(x, np.sin(x),'--');#第三个参数决定图形元素可以改为+

3. 用散点图及颜色展示一组 4 维数据，代码如下,要求：给每行代码做注释，详细解释每个函数以及参数的意义

import numpy as np#导入numpy库并起别名为np
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt#导入pyplot
rng = np.random.RandomState(0)#以0为随机种子生成伪随机数
x = rng.randn(100)#返回有100的随机项的数组
y = rng.randn(100)#返回有100的随机项的数组
colors = rng.rand(100)#产生100个服从“0~1”均匀分布的随机样本值
sizes = 1000 * rng.rand(100)#产生100个服从“0~1”均匀分布的随机样本值
 
plt.scatter(x, y, c=colors, s=sizes, alpha=0.3,#sizes规定大小，cmap是翡翠色
            cmap='viridis')# alpha是标量，介于0（透明）与1（不透明）之间
plt.colorbar(); # 展示色阶

4. 用pandas实现下列列表.要求：

①编写代码实现下图内容

②并且显示前5行内容

③显示最后3行内容

④把下图按照age升序排序

import numpy as np
import pandas as pd

row_index = []#行索引为['a', 'b', 'c', 'd', 'e', 'f', 'g', 'h', 'i']
for i in range(97,107):
    row_index.append(chr(i))

data_cols = {
            "animal":["cat","cat","snake","dog","dog","cat","snake","cat","dog","dog"],
            "age":["2.5","3.0","0.5","NaN","5.0","2.0","4.5","NaN","7.0","3.0"],
            "priority":["yes","yes","no","yes","no","no","no","yes","no","no"],
            "visits":["1","3","2","3","2","3","1","1","2","1"]
            }

#输出DF表格
df = pd.DataFrame(data_cols,index=row_index)
print(df)
print("\n")
#显示前5行
print(df.head(5))
print("\n")
#显示后3行
print(df.tail(3))
print("\n")
#按照age升序排列
df.sort_values(['age'])
print(df)

  animal  age priority visits
a    cat  2.5      yes      1
b    cat  3.0      yes      3
c  snake  0.5       no      2
d    dog  NaN      yes      3
e    dog  5.0       no      2
f    cat  2.0       no      3
g  snake  4.5       no      1
h    cat  NaN      yes      1
i    dog  7.0       no      2
j    dog  3.0       no      1


  animal  age priority visits
a    cat  2.5      yes      1
b    cat  3.0      yes      3
c  snake  0.5       no      2
d    dog  NaN      yes      3
e    dog  5.0       no      2


  animal  age priority visits
h    cat  NaN      yes      1
i    dog  7.0       no      2
j    dog  3.0       no      1


  animal  age priority visits
a    cat  2.5      yes      1
b    cat  3.0      yes      3
c  snake  0.5       no      2
d    dog  NaN      yes      3
e    dog  5.0       no      2
f    cat  2.0       no      3
g  snake  4.5       no      1
h    cat  NaN      yes      1
i    dog  7.0       no      2
j    dog  3.0       no      1