嵌入式操作系统（含文件编程、进程编程、进程间通信、线程编程、网络编程）

文件编程

#include <sys/types.h>
#include <sys/stat.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <fcntl.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>
int main(int argc,char *argv[])
{
    int srcid,dstid;
    unsigned char buf[128] = {0};
    int readlen,pos; 
	//备份的文件
    srcid = open(argv[1],O_RDONLY); 
	//文件备份名
    dstid = open(strcat(argv[1],".bak"),O_WRONLY|O_CREAT); 
    pos = lseek(srcid,0,SEEK_CUR);
    while(readlen = read(srcid,buf,128)>0)
    {
        write(dstid,buf,readlen);
        pos +=readlen;
        lseek(srcid,pos,SEEK_SET);
    } 
    printf("\n文件备份成功\n"); 
    close(srcid);
    close(dstid);
}

进程编程

fork函数：pid_t fork( void);
成功调用一次则返回两个值，子进程返回0，父进程返回子进程ID；否则，出错返回-1。fork产生子进程的表现就是它会返回2次，一次返回0，顺序执行下面的代码。这是子进程。一次返回子进程的pid，也顺序执行下面的代码，这是父进程。进程创建成功之后，父进程以及子进程都从fork() 之后开始执行，只是pid不同。
Linux 操作系统提供了三个获得进程号的函数 getpid()、getppid()、getpgid()。
函数getpid()：pid_t getpid(void); 获取本进程号（PID）
函数getppid()：pid_t getppid(void); 获取调用此函数的进程的父进程号（PPID）
函数getpgid()：pid_t getpgid(pid_t pid); 获取进程组号（PGID）pid：进程号，参数为 0 时返回当前进程组号，否则返回参数指定的进程的进程组号

#include <unistd.h>
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <sys/wait.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
int main(void)
{
    pid_t child;
    int status;
    if ((child = fork()) == -1)
    {
        perror("fork");
        exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
    }
    else if (child == 0)
    {
        puts("in child");
        char *argv[] = {"ls - l ", NULL};
        if (execve("/bin/ls", argv, NULL) == -1)
        {
            perror("execve");
            exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
        }
        exit(EXIT_SUCCESS);
    }
    else
    {
        waitpid(child, &status, 0);
        puts("\nin parent");
        printf("\tparent pid = %d\n", getpid());
        printf("\tparent ppid = %d\n", getppid());
    }
    exit(EXIT_SUCCESS);
}

进程间通信

管道、信号量、信号、消息队列、共享内存、套接字

#include <signal.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
static int alarm_fired = 0; 
void ding(int sig)
{
	alarm_fired = 1;
}
int main()
{
	int pid;
	printf("alarm application starting\n");
	if((pid = fork()) == 0) 
	{
		sleep(5);
		kill(getppid(), SIGALRM);
		exit(0);
	}
	printf("waiting for alarm to go off\n");
	signal(SIGALRM, ding);
	pause();
	if (alarm_fired)
		printf("Signal is received!\n");
	printf("done\n");
	exit(0);
}

线程编程

pthread_create 函数

#include <stdio.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <pthread.h>
void *thread_function(void *arg);
char message[] = "Hello World";
int main() {
    int res;
    pthread_t a_thread;
    void *thread_result;
    res = pthread_create(&a_thread, NULL, thread_function, (void *)message);
    if (res != 0) {
        perror("Thread creation failed");
        exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
    }
    printf("Waiting for thread to finish...\n");
    res = pthread_join(a_thread, &thread_result);
    if (res != 0) {
        perror("Thread join failed");
        exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
    }
    printf("Thread joined, it returned %s\n", (char *)thread_result);
    printf("Message is now %s\n", message);
    exit(EXIT_SUCCESS);
}
void *thread_function(void *arg) {
    printf("thread_function is running. Argument was %s\n", (char *)arg);
    sleep(3);
    strcpy(message, "Bye!");
    pthread_exit("Thank you for the CPU time");
}

网络编程

tcp_server.c

#include <stdio.h>
#include <sys/types.h>          /* See NOTES */
#include <sys/socket.h>
#include <sys/socket.h>
#include <netinet/in.h>
#include <arpa/inet.h>
int main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
     //1. 申请套接字
     int listenfd = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, 0);
     if(-1 == listenfd)
	{
		perror("socket");
		return -1;
	}
	//2. 绑定确定的端口与地址（用于客户端目标）
	struct sockaddr_in serveraddr = {0};
	serveraddr.sin_family = AF_INET;
	serveraddr.sin_port = htons(8888);
	serveraddr.sin_addr.s_addr = INADDR_ANY;//0
	int len = sizeof(serveraddr);
	if(-1 == bind(listenfd, (struct sockaddr*)&serveraddr, len) )
	{
		perror("bind");
		return -1;
	}
	//3. 开启监听
	listen(listenfd, 10);
	//4. accept（接通接入）
	int clientfd = accept(listenfd, NULL, NULL);
	while(1)
	{
		//5. 接受客户端请求
		char buf[100] = {0};
		read(clientfd, buf, 100);
		printf("recv: %s\n", buf); 
		//your code here
		buf[0] -= ' '; 
		//6. 回复客户端
		write(clientfd, buf, 100);
	}
	//7. 中断链接
	close(clientfd);	
	close(listenfd);	
}

tcp_cliect.c

#include <stdio.h>
#include <sys/types.h>          /* See NOTES */
#include <sys/socket.h>
#include <sys/socket.h>
#include <netinet/in.h>
#include <arpa/inet.h>
/*短链接*/
int main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
	if(3 != argc)
	{
		printf("Usage: %s <IP> <port>\n", argv[0]);
		return -1;
	}
	//1.  向操作系统申请套接字
	int socketfd = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, 0);
	if(-1 == socketfd)
	{
		perror("socket create");
		return -1;
	}
	//2.  连接服务器
	struct sockaddr_in serveraddr = {0};
	serveraddr.sin_family = AF_INET;
	serveraddr.sin_addr.s_addr = inet_addr(argv[1]);
	serveraddr.sin_port = htons(atoi(argv[2]));
	int len = sizeof(serveraddr);
	if(-1 == connect(socketfd, (struct sockaddr*)&serveraddr, len))
	{
		perror("connect to server");
		return -1;
	}
	while(1)
	{
		printf("input: ");fflush(stdout);
		char buf[100] = {0};
		gets(buf);
		//3. 发出请求
		write(socketfd, buf, 100);
		//4. 接受反馈
		read(socketfd, buf, 100);
		printf("recv: %s\n", buf);
	}
	//5. 结束链接
	close(socketfd);
}