实战项目-python库分析科比生涯数据

python库分析科比生涯数据

import numpy as np 
import pandas as pd 
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
%matplotlib inline

from sklearn.ensemble import RandomForestClassifier
from sklearn.model_selection import KFold

# import data
filename= "data.csv"
raw = pd.read_csv(filename)
print (raw.shape)
raw.head()

# 5000 for test
# 去掉缺失值
kobe =  raw[pd.notnull(raw['shot_made_flag'])]
print (kobe.shape)

(25697, 25)

#plt.subplot(211) first is raw second Column
# alpha表示点的透明程度
alpha = 0.02
# 指定画图区域
plt.figure(figsize=(10,10))

# loc_x and loc_y
# 子图，12是一行两列，1是第一个位置
plt.subplot(121)
plt.scatter(kobe.loc_x, kobe.loc_y, color='R', alpha=alpha)
plt.title('loc_x and loc_y')

# lat and lon
plt.subplot(122)
plt.scatter(kobe.lon, kobe.lat, color='B', alpha=alpha)
plt.title('lat and lon')

# 极坐标计算
raw['dist'] = np.sqrt(raw['loc_x']**2 + raw['loc_y']**2)

loc_x_zero = raw['loc_x'] == 0
#print (loc_x_zero)
raw['angle'] = np.array([0]*len(raw))
raw['angle'][~loc_x_zero] = np.arctan(raw['loc_y'][~loc_x_zero] / raw['loc_x'][~loc_x_zero])
raw['angle'][loc_x_zero] = np.pi / 2 

raw['remaining_time'] = raw['minutes_remaining'] * 60 + raw['seconds_remaining']

# 打印某列包含的所有属性
print(kobe.action_type.unique())
print(kobe.combined_shot_type.unique())
print(kobe.shot_type.unique())
print(kobe.shot_type.value_counts())

kobe['season'].unique()

array([‘2000-01’, ‘2001-02’, ‘2002-03’, ‘2003-04’, ‘2004-05’, ‘2005-06’,
‘2006-07’, ‘2007-08’, ‘2008-09’, ‘2009-10’, ‘2010-11’, ‘2011-12’,
‘2012-13’, ‘2013-14’, ‘2014-15’, ‘2015-16’, ‘1996-97’, ‘1997-98’,
‘1998-99’, ‘1999-00’], dtype=object)

# 转换数值数据
raw['season'] = raw['season'].apply(lambda x: int(x.split('-')[1]) )
raw['season'].unique()

array([ 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 97,
98, 99, 0], dtype=int64)

print(kobe['team_id'].unique())
print(kobe['team_name'].unique())

[1610612747]
[‘Los Angeles Lakers’]

pd.DataFrame({'matchup':kobe.matchup, 'opponent':kobe.opponent})

plt.figure(figsize=(5,5))

plt.scatter(raw.dist, raw.shot_distance, color='blue')
plt.title('dist and shot_distance')

gs = kobe.groupby('shot_zone_area')
print (kobe['shot_zone_area'].value_counts())
print (len(gs))

Center© 11289
Right Side Center(RC) 3981
Right Side® 3859
Left Side Center(LC) 3364
Left Side(L) 3132
Back Court(BC) 72
Name: shot_zone_area, dtype: int64
6

import matplotlib.cm as cm
plt.figure(figsize=(20,10))

def scatter_plot_by_category(feat):
    alpha = 0.1
    gs = kobe.groupby(feat)
    cs = cm.rainbow(np.linspace(0, 1, len(gs)))
    for g, c in zip(gs, cs):
        plt.scatter(g[1].loc_x, g[1].loc_y, color=c, alpha=alpha)

# shot_zone_area
plt.subplot(131)
scatter_plot_by_category('shot_zone_area')
plt.title('shot_zone_area')

# shot_zone_basic
plt.subplot(132)
scatter_plot_by_category('shot_zone_basic')
plt.title('shot_zone_basic')

# shot_zone_range
plt.subplot(133)
scatter_plot_by_category('shot_zone_range')
plt.title('shot_zone_range')

drops = ['shot_id', 'team_id', 'team_name', 'shot_zone_area', 'shot_zone_range', 'shot_zone_basic', \
         'matchup', 'lon', 'lat', 'seconds_remaining', 'minutes_remaining', \
         'shot_distance', 'loc_x', 'loc_y', 'game_event_id', 'game_id', 'game_date']
for drop in drops:
    raw = raw.drop(drop, 1)

print (raw['combined_shot_type'].value_counts())
pd.get_dummies(raw['combined_shot_type'], prefix='combined_shot_type')[0:2]

categorical_vars = ['action_type', 'combined_shot_type', 'shot_type', 'opponent', 'period', 'season']
for var in categorical_vars:
    raw = pd.concat([raw, pd.get_dummies(raw[var], prefix=var)], 1)
    raw = raw.drop(var, 1)

# 指定训练集和测试集
train_kobe = raw[pd.notnull(raw['shot_made_flag'])]

train_label = train_kobe['shot_made_flag']
train_kobe = train_kobe.drop('shot_made_flag', 1)

test_kobe = raw[pd.isnull(raw['shot_made_flag'])]
test_kobe = test_kobe.drop('shot_made_flag', 1)

from sklearn.ensemble import RandomForestRegressor
from sklearn.metrics import confusion_matrix,log_loss
import time

import numpy as np
range_m = np.logspace(0,2,num=5).astype(int)
range_m

array([ 1, 3, 10, 31, 100])

# find the best n_estimators for RandomForestClassifier
# 使用随机森林判断科比能不能投进球
from sklearn.ensemble import RandomForestClassifier
from sklearn.model_selection import KFold

print('Finding best n_estimators for RandomForestClassifier...')
min_score = 100000
best_n = 0
scores_n = []
range_n = np.logspace(0,2,num=3).astype(int)
for n in range_n:
    print("the number of trees : {0}".format(n))
    t1 = time.time()
    
    rfc_score = 0.
    rfc = RandomForestClassifier(n_estimators=n)
    for train_k, test_k in KFold(10, shuffle=True).split(train_kobe):
        rfc.fit(train_kobe.iloc[train_k], train_label.iloc[train_k])
        #rfc_score += rfc.score(train.iloc[test_k], train_y.iloc[test_k])/10
        pred = rfc.predict(train_kobe.iloc[test_k])
        rfc_score += log_loss(train_label.iloc[test_k], pred) / 10
    scores_n.append(rfc_score)
    if rfc_score < min_score:
        min_score = rfc_score
        best_n = n
        
    t2 = time.time()
    print('Done processing {0} trees ({1:.3f}sec)'.format(n, t2-t1))
print(best_n, min_score)


# find best max_depth for RandomForestClassifier
print('Finding best max_depth for RandomForestClassifier...')
min_score = 100000
best_m = 0
scores_m = []
range_m = np.logspace(0,2,num=3).astype(int)
for m in range_m:
    print("the max depth : {0}".format(m))
    t1 = time.time()
    
    rfc_score = 0.
    rfc = RandomForestClassifier(max_depth=m, n_estimators=best_n)
    for train_k, test_k in KFold(10, shuffle=True).split(train_kobe):
        rfc.fit(train_kobe.iloc[train_k], train_label.iloc[train_k])
        #rfc_score += rfc.score(train.iloc[test_k], train_y.iloc[test_k])/10
        pred = rfc.predict(train_kobe.iloc[test_k])
        rfc_score += log_loss(train_label.iloc[test_k], pred) / 10
    scores_m.append(rfc_score)
    if rfc_score < min_score:
        min_score = rfc_score
        best_m = m
    
    t2 = time.time()
    print('Done processing {0} trees ({1:.3f}sec)'.format(m, t2-t1))
print(best_m, min_score)

Finding best n_estimators for RandomForestClassifier…
the number of trees : 1
Done processing 1 trees (0.973sec)
the number of trees : 10
Done processing 10 trees (5.755sec)
the number of trees : 100
Done processing 100 trees (51.947sec)
100 11.914000011353393
Finding best max_depth for RandomForestClassifier…
the max depth : 1
Done processing 1 trees (4.065sec)
the max depth : 10
Done processing 10 trees (16.296sec)
the max depth : 100
Done processing 100 trees (49.635sec)
10 11.040351953558947

plt.figure(figsize=(10,5))
plt.subplot(121)
plt.plot(range_n, scores_n)
plt.ylabel('score')
plt.xlabel('number of trees')

plt.subplot(122)
plt.plot(range_m, scores_m)
plt.ylabel('score')
plt.xlabel('max depth')

model = RandomForestClassifier(n_estimators=best_n, max_depth=best_m)
model.fit(train_kobe, train_label)

报错问题解决

for train_k, test_k in KFold(len(train_kobe), n_folds=10, shuffle=True):会报很多错
需要改为for train_k, test_k in KFold(10, shuffle=True).split(train_kobe):