SpringMVC框架简单搭建和前后台传值

1. 创建web项目并导入jar包
   1. 
2.  在web.xml中进行servlet的配置

   1. <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
      <web-app version="2.5" 
      	xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee" 
      	xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" 
      	xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee 
      	http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_2_5.xsd">
        <display-name></display-name>	
        <welcome-file-list>
          <welcome-file>index.jsp</welcome-file>
        </welcome-file-list>
        
        <!-- 以servlet的方式配置SpringMVC的核心控制器 -->
        <servlet>
        	<servlet-name>springMvc</servlet-name>
        	<!-- springMVC的核心类(前端控制器) -->
        	<servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class>
        	
        	<!-- 通过初始化参数配置springMVC的核心配置配文件的位置 -->
        	<init-param>
        		<param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
        		<!-- classpath:表示源文件夹下 -->
        		<param-value>classpath:springmvc-servlet.xml</param-value>
        	</init-param>
        	<!-- 加载的顺序 -->
        	<load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup>
        </servlet>
        
        <servlet-mapping>
        	<servlet-name>springMvc</servlet-name>
        	<!-- 拦截所有的请求 -->
        	<url-pattern>/</url-pattern>
        </servlet-mapping>
      </web-app>
      

       

3. 在项目下创建一个源文件夹(conf)放springmvc-servlet.xml
   1.  
4. 配置springmvc-servlet.xml

   1. <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
      <beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
          xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
          xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc"
          xmlns:p="http://www.springframework.org/schema/p"
          xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
          xsi:schemaLocation="
              http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
              http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-3.2.xsd
              http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
              http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-3.2.xsd
              http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc
              http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc-3.2.xsd">
        
        	<!--配置处理映射器( 通过页面请求的url路径映射到控制器的bean名称,决定跳到那个控制器controller) -->
      	<bean name="/test1" class="com.controller.TestController"></bean>
      	
      	<!-- 配置自动扫描注解的包 -->
      	<context:component-scan base-package="com.controller"></context:component-scan>
      	
      	<!-- 配置读取SpringMVC的注解的驱动 -->
      	<mvc:annotation-driven></mvc:annotation-driven>
      	
      	<!-- 配置视图解析器 -->
      	<bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver">
      		<!-- 前缀 -->
      		<property name="prefix" value="/"></property>
      		<!-- 后缀 -->
      		<property name="suffix" value=".jsp"></property>
      	</bean>
      </beans>
      
      

       
5. 创建controller控制器(包括前后台=装)
   1.  第一种是继承AbstractController

      1. package com.controller;
         
         import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
         import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
         
         import org.springframework.web.servlet.ModelAndView;
         import org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.AbstractController;
         
         
         /**
          * 控制器controller
          * @author asus
          *
          */
         
         public class TestController extends AbstractController {
         
         	@Override
         	protected ModelAndView handleRequestInternal(HttpServletRequest arg0,
         			HttpServletResponse arg1) throws Exception {
         		
         		System.out.println("你好!SpringMVC");
         		//成功后跳转到success.jsp中
         		ModelAndView mv= new ModelAndView("success");
         		return mv;
         	}
         
         }
         

          

   2. 使用@Controller注解的方式定义
      1. 首先要配置
         1. 

      2. package com.controller;
         
         import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
         import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
         
         @Controller   //使用注解定义一个控制器
         public class IndexController {
         	
         	@RequestMapping("/hello")
         	public String a1(){
         		System.out.println("使用注解的方式访问controller");
         		return "success";//需要跳转的view
         	}
         }
         

          
6. 前后台传值的方法
   1.  
   2.  
7. 实现的代码
   1. 访问的jsp

      1. <%@ page language="java" import="java.util.*" pageEncoding="UTF-8"%>
         <%
         String path = request.getContextPath();
         String basePath = request.getScheme()+"://"+request.getServerName()+":"+request.getServerPort()+path+"/";
         %>
         
         <!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN">
         <html>
           <head>
             <base href="<%=basePath%>">
             
             <title>My JSP 'index.jsp' starting page</title>
         	<meta http-equiv="pragma" content="no-cache">
         	<meta http-equiv="cache-control" content="no-cache">
         	<meta http-equiv="expires" content="0">    
         	<meta http-equiv="keywords" content="keyword1,keyword2,keyword3">
         	<meta http-equiv="description" content="This is my page">
         	<!--
         	<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="styles.css">
         	-->
           </head>
           
           <body>
         	<a href="test1">第一个springMVC</a>
         	<a href="hello">使用注解的方式访问controller1</a>
         	<a href="test/hello">前台向后台传值测试1(空值)</a>
         	<a href="test/hello1?userName=zhangsan1">前台向后台传值测试2</a>
         	<a href="test/hello2?name=zhangsan2">前台向后台传值测试3</a>
         	<a href="test/hello3?userName=张三&password=123&age=18">前台向后台传值测试4(对象)</a>
         	<a href="test/hello4?userName=张三">前台向后台传值测试5(request)</a>
         	
           </body>
         </html>
         

          
   2. controller控制器层

      1. package com.controller;
         
         import java.util.Map;
         
         import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
         
         import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
         import org.springframework.ui.Model;
         import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
         import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestParam;
         import org.springframework.web.servlet.ModelAndView;
         
         
         import com.pojo.Student;
         //使用注解定义一个控制器
         @Controller
         @RequestMapping("/test")//表示第一层路径
         public class HelloController {
         
         	@RequestMapping("/hello")
         	// 如果前台没有传值,后台接收了使用 @RequestParam(value="name",required=false)进行指定就不会报错
         	public String a1(
         			@RequestParam(value = "name", required = false) String userName) {
         		System.out.println("传值测试1:" + userName);
         		return "show";//需要跳转的页面
         	}
         
         	@RequestMapping("/hello1")
         	// 直接获取(参数名称要跟前台传的参数名称一致)
         	public ModelAndView a2(String userName) {
         		System.out.println("传值测试2:" + userName);
         		ModelAndView mv=new ModelAndView();
         		mv.addObject("userName", userName);//使用ModelAndView对象保存参数值
         		mv.setViewName("show");//需要跳转的页面
         		return mv;
         	}
         
         	@RequestMapping("/hello2")
         	// 使用配置的方式获取(名称不一致可以使用配置@RequestParam配置)
         	public String a3(@RequestParam("name") String userName,Model model) {
         		System.out.println("传值测试3:" + userName);
         	  	model.addAttribute("userName", userName);//使用model进行保存
         		return "show";//需要跳转的页面
         	}
         
         	@RequestMapping("/hello3")
         	// 使用对象来获取(前台参数必须和类里面的属性名一致)
         	public String a4(Student student,Map<String, Object> map) {
         		System.out.println("传值测试4(对象):" + student.getUserName() + "-"
         				+ student.getPassword() + "-" + student.getAge());
         		map.put("userName", student.getUserName());//使用map集合进行保存
         		return "show";//需要跳转的页面
         	}
          
         	@RequestMapping("/hello4")
         	// 使用HttpServletRequest来获取
         	public String a5(HttpServletRequest request) {
         		System.out.println("传值测试5(request):" + request.getParameter("userName"));
         		String userName=request.getParameter("userName");//获取前台传过来的数据
         		request.setAttribute("userName", userName);//使用request将值保存在作用域中
         		return "show";//需要跳转的页面
         	}
         }
         

          
   3. 跳转后的页面,直接用${}取值

      1. <%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=UTF-8"
             pageEncoding="UTF-8"%>
         <!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">
         <html>
         <head>
         <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8">
         <title>Insert title here</title>
         </head>
         <body>
         	欢迎: ${userName }
         </body>
         </html>