1、搭建基本框架
(1)建一个Web项目(包含基本的web.xml,controller,index.jsp文件等)
(2)新建resource文件夹并在其下创建springmvc-servlet.xml文件
(3)导入一系列jar包及js文件
2、配置文件
(1)web.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<web-app xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee" xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_3_0.xsd" id="WebApp_ID" version="3.0">
<display-name>DemoSpringMVC</display-name>
<welcome-file-list>
<welcome-file>index.jsp</welcome-file>
</welcome-file-list>
<!-- servlet SpringMVC的核心控制器 -->
<servlet>
<servlet-name>springmvc</servlet-name>
<servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class>
<!-- 读取配置文件 -->
<init-param>
<param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
<param-value>classpath:springmvc-servlet.xml</param-value>
</init-param>
</servlet>
<!-- 设置访问路径 , 所有的请求都要经过核心控制器 方式: *.do 或者: *.action -->
<servlet-mapping>
<servlet-name>springmvc</servlet-name>
<url-pattern>*.do</url-pattern>
</servlet-mapping>
</web-app>
(2)springmvc-servlet.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc"
xmlns:p="http://www.springframework.org/schema/p"
xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
xsi:schemaLocation="
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc
http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc.xsd">
<!-- 注册控制器 :指明控制器的位置:包.控制器名字-->
<bean name="/*.do" class="com.test.TestController"></bean>
<!-- 配置视图解析器:对转向页面的路径解析 -->
<bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver">
<!-- 给访问的路径加前后缀 前缀:在某个文件夹下 后缀 :什么类型的文件 -->
<property name="prefix" value="/jsp/"></property>
<property name="suffix" value=".jsp"></property>
</bean>
<!-- 开启注解驱动,支持springmvc一些更高级的功能,如映射动态请求,jsr303校验,快捷的ajax等 -->
<mvc:annotation-driven>
<!-- 设置直接响应纯文本时的编码格式 -->
<mvc:message-converters>
<bean class="org.springframework.http.converter.StringHttpMessageConverter">
<constructor-arg index="0" value="utf-8"></constructor-arg>
</bean>
</mvc:message-converters>
</mvc:annotation-driven>
</beans>
3、编写前端触发事件
(1)index.jsp
<%@ page language="java" import="java.util.*" pageEncoding="UTF-8"%>
<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN">
<html>
<head>
<title>简单的SpringMVC</title>
<script type="text/javascript" src="js/jquery-1.8.3.js"></script>
</head>
<body>
<a href="page.do">页面跳转</a><br><br><br>
<button onclick="mdata()">返回数据</button>
<script type="text/javascript">
function mdata(){
$.ajax({
url: "character.do",
type: "POST",
data:'这是参数',
cache:false, //不设置缓存
processData: false, // 不处理数据
contentType: false , // 不设置内容类型
error: function (result) {
alert("返回数据失败");
},
success: function (result) {
alert("返回数据:"+result);
}
});
}
</script>
</body>
</html>
(2)test.jsp
<%@ page language="java" import="java.util.*" pageEncoding="UTF-8"%>
<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN">
<html>
<head>
<title>test</title>
<meta http-equiv="pragma" content="no-cache">
<meta http-equiv="cache-control" content="no-cache">
<meta http-equiv="expires" content="0">
<meta http-equiv="keywords" content="keyword1,keyword2,keyword3">
<meta http-equiv="description" content="This is my page">
</head>
<body>
<h1>Hi~欢迎来到新的页面</h1>
</body>
</html>
4、编写后台控制器响应事件
TestController.java
package com.test;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.ResponseBody;
@Controller
public class TestController {
@ResponseBody
@RequestMapping("character.do")
public String testCharacter(){
//返回数据
return "我是一只快乐的小青蛙";
}
@RequestMapping("page.do")
public String testPage(){
//跳转页面
return "test";
}
}
5、启动项目
(1)点击“页面跳转”链接
(2)点击“返回数据”按钮
PS:项目完整版