建造者模式
场景:
我们要建造一个复杂的产品。比如:神州飞船,Iphone。这个复杂的产品的创建。有这样一个问题需要处理: 装配这些子组件是不是有个步骤问题?
实际开发中,我们所需要的对象构建时,也非常复杂,有很多步骤需要处理时。
建造模式的本质:
分离了对象子组件的单独构造(由Builder来负责)和装配(由Director负责)。 从而可以构 造出复杂的对象。这个模式适用于:某个对象的构建过程复杂的情况下使用。
由于实现了构建和装配的解耦。不同的构建器,相同的装配,也可以做出不同的对象; 相同的构建器,不同的装配顺序也可以做出不同的对象。也就是实现了构建算法、装配 算法的解耦,实现了更好的复用。
开发中应用场景:
StringBuilder类的append方法
SQL中的PreparedStatement
JDOM中,DomBuilder、SAXBuilder
【示例代码】:
宇宙飞船类及其对应组件:
package com.xyj.builder;
/**
* 宇宙飞船
*/
public class AirShip {
private OrbitalModule orbitalModule; //轨道舱
private Engine engine; //发动机
private EscapeTower escapeTower; //逃逸塔
public void launch() {
System.out.println("发射!!!");
}
public AirShip(OrbitalModule orbitalModule, Engine engine, EscapeTower escapeTower) {
this.orbitalModule = orbitalModule;
this.engine = engine;
this.escapeTower = escapeTower;
}
public AirShip() {
}
@Override
public String toString() {
return "AirShip [orbitalModule=" + orbitalModule + ", engine=" + engine + ", escapeTower=" + escapeTower + "]";
}
public OrbitalModule getOrbitalModule() {
return orbitalModule;
}
public void setOrbitalModule(OrbitalModule orbitalModule) {
this.orbitalModule = orbitalModule;
}
public Engine getEngine() {
return engine;
}
public void setEngine(Engine engine) {
this.engine = engine;
}
public EscapeTower getEscapeTower() {
return escapeTower;
}
public void setEscapeTower(EscapeTower escapeTower) {
this.escapeTower = escapeTower;
}
}
class OrbitalModule{
private String name;
public OrbitalModule() {
}
public OrbitalModule(String name) {
super();
this.name = name;
}
public String getName() {
return name;
}
public void setName(String name) {
this.name = name;
}
@Override
public String toString() {
return "OrbitalModule [name=" + name + "]";
}
}
class Engine{
private String name;
public Engine() {
}
public Engine(String name) {
super();
this.name = name;
}
public String getName() {
return name;
}
public void setName(String name) {
this.name = name;
}
@Override
public String toString() {
return "Engine [name=" + name + "]";
}
}
class EscapeTower{
private String name;
public EscapeTower() {
}
public EscapeTower(String name) {
super();
this.name = name;
}
public String getName() {
return name;
}
public void setName(String name) {
this.name = name;
}
@Override
public String toString() {
return "EscapeTower [name=" + name + "]";
}
}
构建者接口:
package com.xyj.builder;
/**
* 构建者
*/
public interface AirShipBuilder {
Engine builderEngine();
OrbitalModule builderOrbitalModule();
EscapeTower builderEscapeTower();
}
构建者实现类:
package com.xyj.builder;
/**
* 构建者实现类
*/
public class XYJAirShipBuilder implements AirShipBuilder{ //StringBuilder,JDOM库中的类:DomBuilder,SaxBuilder等都是建造者模式
@Override
public Engine builderEngine() {
System.out.println("构建XYJ牌发动机!");
return new Engine("XYJ牌发动机!");
}
@Override
public OrbitalModule builderOrbitalModule() {
System.out.println("构建XYJ牌轨道舱!");
return new OrbitalModule("XYJ牌轨道舱!");
}
@Override
public EscapeTower builderEscapeTower() {
System.out.println("构建XYJ牌逃逸塔!");
return new EscapeTower("XYJ牌逃逸塔!");
}
}
装配者接口:
package com.xyj.builder;
/**
* 装配者
*/
public interface AirShipDirector {
/**
* 组装飞船对象
* @return
*/
AirShip directAirShip();
}
装配者实现类:
package com.xyj.builder;
/**
* 装配者实现类
*/
public class XYJAirShipDirector implements AirShipDirector{
private AirShipBuilder builder;
public XYJAirShipDirector(AirShipBuilder builder) {
this.builder = builder;
}
@Override
public AirShip directAirShip() {
Engine engine = builder.builderEngine();
OrbitalModule orbitalModule = builder.builderOrbitalModule();
EscapeTower escapeTower = builder.builderEscapeTower();
//组装并返回
return new AirShip(orbitalModule, engine, escapeTower);
}
}
测试:
package com.xyj.builder;
public class Client {
public static void main(String[] args) {
AirShipDirector director=new XYJAirShipDirector(new XYJAirShipBuilder());
AirShip ship = director.directAirShip();
System.out.println(ship);
ship.launch();
}
}