【Java语言学习】Synchronized和Lock锁的区别 , 生产者消费者问题的多种实现方式

Synchronized 和 Lock的区别

1.Synchronized是java内置的关键字 , Lock是一个java类
2.Synchronized无法获取锁的状态 , Lock可以判断是否活得锁
3.Synchronized代码执行完立即释放锁, Lock需要手动开关,不释放就会死锁
4.Synchronized可重入锁,不可以中断,非公平 , Lock, 可重入锁,可以判断锁,公平性可以自己设置
5.Synchronized如果某个线程获得锁后被阻塞,那Synchronized的另一个线程就会一直处于等待状态,Lock锁加锁的两个线程不会生生这种死锁

唤醒方式

Synchronized  {
    //阻塞
    this.wait
    //唤醒
    this.notify() || this.nitifyAll();
}

Lock {
    //加锁 
    lock.lock();
    //释放锁
    lock.unlock();//一般加在finally中 , try中处理事务
    //监视器
    CCondition condition = lock.newCondition(); 
    //通过监视器阻塞和唤醒
    //阻塞
    condition.await();
    //唤醒
    condition.signal(); || condition.signalAll();
}

生产者消费者问题的实现

传统Synchronized实现

以下的线程均放在(lamda表达式中)

package com.cxy.javathread.myself;

public class A {

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        th th = new th();
        
        new Thread(()->{
            for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
                try {
                    th.incred();
                } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
            }
        },"A").start();
        new Thread(()->{
            for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
                try {
                    th.decred();;
                } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
            }
        },"B").start();
        new Thread(()->{
            for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
                try {
                    th.incred();;
                } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
            }
        },"C").start();
        new Thread(()->{
            for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
                try {
                    th.decred();;
                } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
            }
        },"D").start();
    }
}

class th{
    int num = 0;
    public synchronized void incred() throws InterruptedException {
        if (num!=0){
           this.wait();
        }
        num++;
        System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+"->"+num);
        this.notifyAll();
    }
    public synchronized void decred() throws InterruptedException {
        if(num==0){
            this.wait();
        }
        num--;
        System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+"->"+num);
        this.notifyAll();
    }
}

运行发现上述代码有一个问题

虚假唤醒现象
A->1
B->0
A->1
B->0
A->1
B->0
A->1
B->0
A->1
B->0
A->1
B->0
C->1
B->0
A->1
B->0
C->1
B->0
A->1
B->0
C->1
D->0
C->1
A->2
C->3
D->2
D->1
D->0
C->1
A->2
C->3
D->2
D->1
D->0
C->1
D->0
C->1
D->0
C->1
D->0

Process finished with exit code 0

当只有两个线程在相互唤醒的过程中 , 两个线程交替打印 , 但是当线程多了以后,会发生虚假唤醒现象

所以需要吧 if 换成 while

if(num!=0){
    this.wait();
}
//换成
while(num!=0){
    this.wait();
}
package com.cxy.javathread.myself;

public class A {

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        th th = new th();
        new Thread(()->{
            for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
                try {
                    th.incred();
                } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
            }
        },"A").start();
        new Thread(()->{
            for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
                try {
                    th.decred();;
                } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
            }
        },"B").start();
        new Thread(()->{
            for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
                try {
                    th.incred();;
                } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
            }
        },"C").start();
        new Thread(()->{
            for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
                try {
                    th.decred();;
                } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
            }
        },"D").start();
    }
}

class th{
    int num = 0;
    public synchronized void incred() throws InterruptedException {
        if (num!=0){
           this.wait();
        }
        num++;
        System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+"->"+num);
        this.notifyAll();
    }
    public synchronized void decred() throws InterruptedException {
        if(num==0){
            this.wait();
        }
        num--;
        System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+"->"+num);
        this.notifyAll();
    }
}

发现结果正确

//发现结果没用任何问题
A->1
B->0
A->1
B->0
A->1
B->0
A->1
B->0
C->1
B->0
A->1
B->0
C->1
B->0
A->1
D->0
C->1
B->0
A->1
D->0
C->1
B->0
A->1
D->0
C->1
B->0
A->1
D->0
C->1
D->0
A->1
D->0
C->1
D->0
C->1
D->0
C->1
D->0
C->1
D->0

Process finished with exit code 0

Lock锁

Lock锁使用Condition作为监视器来完成唤醒与阻塞

package com.cxy.javathread.myself;
import java.util.concurrent.locks.Condition;
import java.util.concurrent.locks.Lock;
import java.util.concurrent.locks.ReentrantLock;

public class B {

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        th2 th = new th2();
        new Thread(()->{
            for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
                th.incred();
            }
        },"A").start();
        new Thread(()->{
            for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
                th.decred();;
            }
        },"B").start();
        new Thread(()->{
            for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
                th.incred();;
            }
        },"C").start();
        new Thread(()->{
            for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
                th.decred();;
            }
        },"D").start();
    }
}

class th2{
    int num = 0;
    Lock lock = new ReentrantLock();
    Condition condition = lock.newCondition();
    public  void incred(){
        lock.lock();
        try {
            while (num!=0){
                condition.await();
            }
            num++;
            System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+"->"+num);
            condition.signalAll();
        } catch (Exception e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } finally {
            lock.unlock();
        }
    }
    public  void decred(){
        lock.lock();
        try {
            while(num==0){
                condition.await();
            }
            num--;
            System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+"->"+num);
            condition.signalAll();
        } catch (Exception e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } finally {
            lock.unlock();
        }
    }
}

精确唤醒的Lock锁

package com.cxy.javathread.myself;
import java.util.concurrent.locks.Condition;
import java.util.concurrent.locks.Lock;
import java.util.concurrent.locks.ReentrantLock;
public class C {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        th3 th = new th3();
        new Thread(()->{
            for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
                th.printA();
            }
        },"A").start();
        new Thread(()->{
            for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
                th.printB();
            }
        },"B").start();
        new Thread(()->{
            for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
                th.printC();
            }
        },"C").start();
    }
}
class th3{
    private int num = 1;
    private Lock lock = new ReentrantLock();
    Condition condition1 = lock.newCondition();
    Condition condition2 = lock.newCondition();
    Condition condition3 = lock.newCondition();
    public void printA(){
        lock.lock();
        try {
            //事务
            while(num!=1){
                condition1.await();
            }
            System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+"--->aaa--->"+num);
            num = 2;
            condition2.signal();
        } catch (Exception e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } finally {
            lock.unlock();
        }
    }
    public void printB(){
        lock.lock();
        try {
            //事务
            while(num!=2){
                condition2.await();
            }
            System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+"--->bbb--->"+num);
            num = 3;
            condition3.signal();
        } catch (Exception e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } finally {
            lock.unlock();
        }

    }
    public void printC(){
        lock.lock();
        try {
            //事务
            while(num!=3){
                condition3.await();
            }
            System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+"--->ccc--->"+num);
            num = 1;
            condition1.signal();
        } catch (Exception e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } finally {
            lock.unlock();
        }
    }
}

运行结果

​ 交替打印

A--->aaa--->1
B--->bbb--->2
C--->ccc--->3
A--->aaa--->1
B--->bbb--->2
C--->ccc--->3
A--->aaa--->1
B--->bbb--->2
C--->ccc--->3
A--->aaa--->1
B--->bbb--->2
C--->ccc--->3
A--->aaa--->1
B--->bbb--->2
C--->ccc--->3
A--->aaa--->1
B--->bbb--->2
C--->ccc--->3
A--->aaa--->1
B--->bbb--->2
C--->ccc--->3
A--->aaa--->1
B--->bbb--->2
C--->ccc--->3
A--->aaa--->1
B--->bbb--->2
C--->ccc--->3
A--->aaa--->1
B--->bbb--->2
C--->ccc--->3

Process finished with exit code 0
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