java lock 信号_Java并发编程初级篇(十六)：Lock+Condition实现生产者消费者问题

之前我们在“Java并发编程初级篇(十二)：使用wait和notify生产者消费者问题”，已经使用Java提供的synchronized关键字和wait()，notify()，notifyAll()方法实现过来生产者消费者问题。Java API还为我们提供了锁的解决方案。

使用锁解决阻塞要用到Condition，它是通过Lock.newCondition()来获得的。就像wait()和notify()必须在synchronized块内一样，Condition.await()和Condition.singialAll()方法也必须在Lock.lock()和Lock.unlock()内执行。

代码示例：

首先我们实现一个数据缓冲区，缓冲区中定义了maxSize变量来代表缓冲区大小，LinkedList来模拟缓冲区。然后添加一把锁，并用这把锁来新建两个Condition：producer(控制生产者挂起和唤醒)和consumer(控制消费者挂起和唤醒)。当生产者发现缓冲区满的情况下调用producer.await()挂起，等待消费者消费数据后调用producer.singialAll()方法来唤醒，并重新判断缓冲区状态。当消费者发现缓冲区空的情况下调用consumer.await()挂起，等待生产者向缓冲区中放入数据并调用consumer.singialAll()方法唤醒并重新判断缓冲区状态。

public class DataBuffer {

private int maxSize;

private LinkedList buffer;

private Lock lock;

private Condition producer;

private Condition consumer;

public DataBuffer(int maxSize) {

this.maxSize = maxSize;

buffer = new LinkedList();

lock = new ReentrantLock();

producer = lock.newCondition();

consumer = lock.newCondition();

}

public void put() {

try {

lock.lock();

while (buffer.size() == this.maxSize) {

producer.await();

}

buffer.add(new Date());

System.out.printf("%s: Add one %s. Buffer size is %d.\n",

Thread.currentThread().getName(),

buffer.peekLast(),

buffer.size());

consumer.signalAll();

} catch (InterruptedException e) {

e.printStackTrace();

} finally {

lock.unlock();

}

}

public void get() {

try {

lock.lock();

while (buffer.size() == 0) {

consumer.await();

}

System.out.printf("%s: Get one %s. Buffer size is %d.\n",

Thread.currentThread().getName(),

buffer.pollFirst(),

buffer.size());

producer.signalAll();

} catch (InterruptedException e) {

e.printStackTrace();

} finally {

lock.unlock();

}

}

}

创建两个线程用于模拟生产者和消费者

public class Producer implements Runnable {

private DataBuffer buffer;

public Producer(DataBuffer buffer) {

this.buffer = buffer;

}

@Override

public void run() {

buffer.put();

}

}

public class Consumer implements Runnable {

private DataBuffer buffer;

public Consumer(DataBuffer buffer) {

this.buffer = buffer;

}

@Override

public void run() {

buffer.get();

}

}

创建两个任务类线程启动10个生产者和消费者，生产者生产速度>消费者消费速度。

public class ProducerTask implements Runnable {

private DataBuffer buffer;

public ProducerTask(DataBuffer buffer) {

this.buffer = buffer;

}

@Override

public void run() {

for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {

new Thread(new Producer(buffer), "Producer-" + i).start();

try {

Thread.sleep(1000);

} catch (InterruptedException e) {

e.printStackTrace();

}

}

}

}

public class ConsumerTask implements Runnable {

private DataBuffer buffer;

public ConsumerTask(DataBuffer buffer) {

this.buffer = buffer;

}

@Override

public void run() {

for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {

new Thread(new Consumer(buffer), "Consumer-" + i).start();

try {

Thread.sleep(5000);

} catch (InterruptedException e) {

e.printStackTrace();

}

}

}

}

主方法类中启动两个任务类线程，模拟生产者和消费者，因为生产者速度快，最终会导致生产者处于阻塞状态。

public class Main {

public static void main(String[] args) {

DataBuffer buffer = new DataBuffer(5);

new Thread(new ProducerTask(buffer), "ProducerTask").start();

new Thread(new ConsumerTask(buffer), "ConsumerTask").start();

}

}

日志，因为缓冲区大小为5，所以当缓冲区内容达到5个之后，生产者进入阻塞状态，并等待消费者消费数据后被唤醒并向缓冲区中插入数据。

Producer-0: Add one Fri Nov 25 15:36:21 CST 2016. Buffer size is 1.

Consumer-0: Get one Fri Nov 25 15:36:21 CST 2016. Buffer size is 0.

Producer-1: Add one Fri Nov 25 15:36:22 CST 2016. Buffer size is 1.

Producer-2: Add one Fri Nov 25 15:36:23 CST 2016. Buffer size is 2.

Producer-3: Add one Fri Nov 25 15:36:24 CST 2016. Buffer size is 3.

Producer-4: Add one Fri Nov 25 15:36:25 CST 2016. Buffer size is 4.

Consumer-1: Get one Fri Nov 25 15:36:22 CST 2016. Buffer size is 3.

Producer-5: Add one Fri Nov 25 15:36:26 CST 2016. Buffer size is 4.

Producer-6: Add one Fri Nov 25 15:36:27 CST 2016. Buffer size is 5.

Consumer-2: Get one Fri Nov 25 15:36:23 CST 2016. Buffer size is 4.

Producer-7: Add one Fri Nov 25 15:36:31 CST 2016. Buffer size is 5.

Consumer-3: Get one Fri Nov 25 15:36:24 CST 2016. Buffer size is 4.

Producer-8: Add one Fri Nov 25 15:36:36 CST 2016. Buffer size is 5.

Consumer-4: Get one Fri Nov 25 15:36:25 CST 2016. Buffer size is 4.

Producer-9: Add one Fri Nov 25 15:36:41 CST 2016. Buffer size is 5.

Consumer-5: Get one Fri Nov 25 15:36:26 CST 2016. Buffer size is 4.

Consumer-6: Get one Fri Nov 25 15:36:27 CST 2016. Buffer size is 3.

Consumer-7: Get one Fri Nov 25 15:36:31 CST 2016. Buffer size is 2.

Consumer-8: Get one Fri Nov 25 15:36:36 CST 2016. Buffer size is 1.

Consumer-9: Get one Fri Nov 25 15:36:41 CST 2016. Buffer size is 0.