JPA

JPA

1、依赖

<properties>
        <project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
        <project.hibernate.version>5.0.7.Final</project.hibernate.version>
    </properties>

    <dependencies>
    <!--hibernate对jpa的支持-->
    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.hibernate</groupId>
        <artifactId>hibernate-entitymanager</artifactId>
        <version>${project.hibernate.version}</version>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
        <groupId>junit</groupId>
        <artifactId>junit</artifactId>
        <version>4.12</version>
        <scope>test</scope>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.hibernate</groupId>
        <artifactId>hibernate-c3p0</artifactId>
        <version>${project.hibernate.version}</version>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
        <groupId>log4j</groupId>
        <artifactId>log4j</artifactId>
        <version>1.2.17</version>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
        <groupId>mysql</groupId>
        <artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
        <version>5.1.6</version>
    </dependency>
    </dependencies>

2、配置文件

JPA的配置文件必须配置在资源目录的META-INF目录下，文件名persistence.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<persistence xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/persistence" version="2.0">
    <!--
        jpa持久化单元结点：
            name:持久化单元名
            transaction-type：事务管理策略
                "RESOURCE_LOCAL":本地事务管理
                "JAT":分布式事务管理
    -->
    <persistence-unit name="jpa" transaction-type="RESOURCE_LOCAL">
        <!--jpa实现方式-->
        <provider>org.hibernate.jpa.HibernatePersistenceProvider</provider>
        <!--数据库信息-->
        <properties>
            <!--数据库配置-->
            <property name="javax.persistence.jdbc.user" value="root"/>
            <property name="javax.persistence.jdbc.password" value="root"/>
            <property name="javax.persistence.jdbc.driver" value="com.mysql.jdbc.Driver"/>
            <property name="javax.persistence.jdbc.url" value="jdbc:mysql://192.168.44.130:3306/testJpa?characterEncoding=utf8"/>
            <!--hibernate配置-->
            <!--是否打印语句-->
            <property name="hibernate.show_sql" value="true"/>
            <!--这个参数有create、create-drop、update、none四个可选值-->
            <property name="hibernate.hbm2ddl.auto" value="update"/>
        </properties>
        <!--可选配置：jpa实现方的配置-->
    </persistence-unit>

</persistence>

3、定义的实体类UserEntity

package com.xsl.entity;

import javax.persistence.*;

/**
 *Entity：声明这个类是实体类
 *Table：实体类和表的映射关系
 *      name：配置数据库表的名称
 */
@Entity
@Table(name = "user")
public class UserEntity {

    /**
     * Id:指定主键
     * GeneratedValue：主键生成策略这里采用的是自增（IDENTITY）还有SEQUENCE、AUTO、TABLE
     *                  必须支持才能使用
     * Column:属性和字段的映射
     */
    @Id
    @Column(name = "id")
    @GeneratedValue(strategy=GenerationType.IDENTITY)
    private Integer id;
    @Column(name = "username")
    private String username;
    @Column(name = "password")
    private String password;

    public UserEntity(String username, String password) {
        this.username = username;
        this.password = password;
    }

    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return "UserEntity{" +
                "id=" + id +
                ", username='" + username + '\'' +
                ", password='" + password + '\'' +
                '}';
    }

    public Integer getId() {
        return id;
    }

    public void setId(Integer id) {
        this.id = id;
    }

    public String getUsername() {
        return username;
    }

    public void setUsername(String username) {
        this.username = username;
    }

    public String getPassword() {
        return password;
    }

    public void setPassword(String password) {
        this.password = password;
    }

    public UserEntity() {
    }
}

4、JpaEntityManagerFactory工具类

用户在需要使用到JPA时使用这个工厂类加载配置文件创建实体类管理工厂，并且给客户提供EntityManager

package com.xsl.utils;

import javax.persistence.EntityManager;
import javax.persistence.EntityManagerFactory;
import javax.persistence.Persistence;

public class JpaEntityManagerFactory {
    private static EntityManagerFactory emf = null;
    static {
        emf = Persistence.createEntityManagerFactory("jpa");
    }
    public static EntityManager getEntityManager(){
        return emf.createEntityManager();
    }
}

5、JpaTest测试类测试JPA

package com.xsl.test;

import com.xsl.entity.UserEntity;
import com.xsl.utils.JpaEntityManagerFactory;
import org.junit.Test;

import javax.persistence.EntityManager;
import javax.persistence.EntityManagerFactory;
import javax.persistence.EntityTransaction;
import javax.persistence.Persistence;

/**
 * 测试jpa
 * jpa操作步骤：
 *  1、加载配置文件创建工厂（实体管理类工厂）对象
 *  2、通过实体管理类工厂获取实体管理器
 *  3、获取事务对象，开启事务
 *  4、持久化
 *  5、提交/回滚事务
 *  6、释放资源
 */
public class JpaTest {

    @Test
    public void testSave(){
        EntityManager em = JpaEntityManagerFactory.getEntityManager();
        EntityTransaction tx = em.getTransaction();
        tx.begin();
        //添加
        em.persist(new UserEntity("xsl","123"));
        //查找
//        UserEntity userEntity = em.getReference(UserEntity.class, 1);
        UserEntity userEntity = em.find(UserEntity.class, 1);
        //修改
        em.merge(userEntity);
        //删除
        em.remove(userEntity);
        System.out.println(userEntity);
        tx.commit();
        em.close();
    }
}

6、JpqlTest测试类测试jpql

package com.xsl.test;

import com.xsl.entity.UserEntity;
import com.xsl.utils.JpaEntityManagerFactory;
import org.junit.Test;

import javax.persistence.EntityManager;
import javax.persistence.EntityTransaction;
import javax.persistence.Query;
import java.util.List;

public class JpqlTest {

	/*
	 *查询所有
	 */
    @Test
    public void testFindAll(){
        //获取EntityManager
        EntityManager entityManager = JpaEntityManagerFactory.getEntityManager();
        //开启事务
        EntityTransaction transaction = entityManager.getTransaction();
        transaction.begin();
        //查询
        String jpql = "from UserEntity order by id DESC";
        Query query = entityManager.createQuery(jpql);
        List resultList = query.getResultList();
        for (Object user:resultList) {
            System.out.println(user);
        }
        //提交
        transaction.commit();
        //关闭
        entityManager.close();
    }


	/*
	 *计数
	 */
    @Test
    public void testCount(){
        //获取EntityManager
        EntityManager entityManager = JpaEntityManagerFactory.getEntityManager();
        //开启事务
        EntityTransaction transaction = entityManager.getTransaction();
        transaction.begin();
        //查询
        String jpql = "select count(id) from UserEntity";
        Query query = entityManager.createQuery(jpql);
        Object singleResult = query.getSingleResult();
        System.out.println(singleResult);
        //提交
        transaction.commit();
        //关闭
        entityManager.close();
    }

	/*
	 *分页
	 */
    @Test
    public void testPage(){
        //获取EntityManager
        EntityManager entityManager = JpaEntityManagerFactory.getEntityManager();
        //开启事务
        EntityTransaction transaction = entityManager.getTransaction();
        transaction.begin();
        //查询
        String jpql = "from UserEntity";
        Query query = entityManager.createQuery(jpql);
        //第一个数据
        query.setFirstResult(0);
        //最多多少个数据
        query.setMaxResults(1);
        //提交
        List resultList = query.getResultList();
        System.out.println(resultList);
        transaction.commit();
        //关闭
        entityManager.close();
    }


	/*
	 *赋值
	 */
    @Test
    public void testLike(){
        //获取EntityManager
        EntityManager entityManager = JpaEntityManagerFactory.getEntityManager();
        //开启事务
        EntityTransaction transaction = entityManager.getTransaction();
        transaction.begin();
        //查询
        String jpql = "from UserEntity where username like ?";
        Query query = entityManager.createQuery(jpql);
        query.setParameter(1,"%xsl%");
        //提交
        List resultList = query.getResultList();
        System.out.println(resultList);
        transaction.commit();
        //关闭
        entityManager.close();
    }
}