拓扑图
- 黄色区域为rip
- 红色区域为ospf
ip地址划分
- 进口子
- ip add 地址 子网掩码
网络直连
rip
- router rip
- version 2
- no auto
- net 分别需要rip的地址网段
ospf
- router ospf 1
- net 需要ospf的地址网段 0.0.0.255 area 0
rip与ospf的路由重发布
需要重发布的路由条件是左右两边分别为rip和ospf协议的交接处需要进行进行rip和ospf的重发布。
- router rip
- redistribute ospf 1 metric 10
- exit
- router ospf 1
- redistribute rip subnets
案例
#OSPF多区域配置(三)
拓扑图:
![](https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/2019091419091686.png?x-oss-process=image/watermark,type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk,shadow_10,text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L0xTMTk5OTA3MTI=,size_16,color_FFFFFF,t_70)
1.两个区域:area0和area1
2.route ID规划
(1)R1:1.1.1.1
(2)R2:2.2.2.2
(3)R3:3.3.3.3
(4)R4:4.4.4.4
3.目的:验证最终两台客户机之间能否互通
具体操作:
一、给路由器不同端口配置相应IP地址
1.路由器R1
R1#conf t
Enter configuration commands, one per line. End with CNTL/Z.
R1(config)#int f1/0
R1(config-if)#ip add 192.168.10.1 255.255.255.0
R1(config-if)#no shut
R1(config-if)#
*Mar 1 00:08:25.447: %LINK-3-UPDOWN: Interface FastEthernet1/0, changed state to up
*Mar 1 00:08:26.447: %LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface FastEthernet1/0, changed state to up
R1(config-if)#int f0/0
R1(config-if)#ip add 192.168.20.1 255.255.255.0
R1(config-if)#no shut
R1(config-if)#
*Mar 1 00:09:07.287: %LINK-3-UPDOWN: Interface FastEthernet0/0, changed state to up
*Mar 1 00:09:08.287: %LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface FastEthernet0/0, changed state to up
R1(config-if)#int f0/1
R1(config-if)#ip add 192.168.50.2 255.255.255.0
R1(config-if)#no shut
R1(config-if)#
*Mar 1 00:09:33.911: %LINK-3-UPDOWN: Interface FastEthernet0/1, changed state to up
*Mar 1 00:09:34.911: %LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface FastEthernet0/1, changed state to up
R1(config-if)#do show ip int b
Interface IP-Address OK? Method Status Protocol
FastEthernet0/0 192.168.20.1 YES manual up up
FastEthernet0/1 192.168.50.2 YES manual up up
FastEthernet1/0 192.168.10.1 YES manual up up
R1(config-if)#
2.路由器R2
R2#conf t
Enter configuration commands, one per line. End with CNTL/Z.
R2(config)#int f0/0
R2(config-if)#ip add 192.168.20.2 255.255.255.0
R2(config-if)#no shut
R2(config-if)#
*Mar 1 00:10:40.915: %LINK-3-UPDOWN: Interface FastEthernet0/0, changed state to up
*Mar 1 00:10:41.915: %LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface FastEthernet0/0, changed state to up
R2(config-if)#int f0/1
R2(config-if)#ip add 192.168.30.1 255.255.255.0
R2(config-if)#no shut
R2(config-if)#
*Mar 1 00:11:04.627: %LINK-3-UPDOWN: Interface FastEthernet0/1, changed state to up
*Mar 1 00:11:05.627: %LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface FastEthernet0/1, changed state to up
R2(config-if)#do show ip int b
Interface IP-Address OK? Method Status Protocol
FastEthernet0/0 192.168.20.2 YES manual up up
FastEthernet0/1 192.168.30.1 YES manual up up
R2(config-if)#
3…路由器R3
R3#conf t
Enter configuration commands, one per line. End with CNTL/Z.
R3(config)#int f0/0
R3(config-if)#ip add 192.168.30.2 255.255.255.0
R3(config-if)#no shut
R3(config-if)#
*Mar 1 00:12:01.899: %LINK-3-UPDOWN: Interface FastEthernet0/0, changed state to up
*Mar 1 00:12:02.899: %LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface FastEthernet0/0, changed state to up
R3(config-if)#int f1/0
R3(config-if)#ip add 192.168.60.1 255.255.255.0
R3(config-if)#no shut
R3(config-if)#
*Mar 1 00:12:25.667: %LINK-3-UPDOWN: Interface FastEthernet1/0, changed state to up
*Mar 1 00:12:26.667: %LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface FastEthernet1/0, changed state to up
R3(config-if)#int f0/1
R3(config-if)#ip add 192.168.40.1 255.255.255.0
R3(config-if)#no shut
R3(config-if)#
*Mar 1 00:12:50.071: %LINK-3-UPDOWN: Interface FastEthernet0/1, changed state to up
*Mar 1 00:12:51.071: %LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface FastEthernet0/1, changed state to up
R3(config-if)#do show ip int b
Interface IP-Address OK? Method Status Protocol
FastEthernet0/0 192.168.30.2 YES manual up up
FastEthernet0/1 192.168.40.1 YES manual up up
FastEthernet1/0 192.168.60.1 YES manual up up
R3(config-if)#
4…路由器R4
R4#conf t
Enter configuration commands, one per line. End with CNTL/Z.
R4(config)#int f0/0
R4(config-if)#ip add 192.168.40.2 255.255.255.0
R4(config-if)#no shut
R4(config-if)#
*Mar 1 00:13:59.079: %LINK-3-UPDOWN: Interface FastEthernet0/0, changed state to up
*Mar 1 00:14:00.079: %LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface FastEthernet0/0, changed state to up
R4(config-if)#int f0/1
R4(config-if)#ip add 192.168.50.1 255.255.255.0
R4(config-if)#no shut
R4(config-if)#
*Mar 1 00:14:21.227: %LINK-3-UPDOWN: Interface FastEthernet0/1, changed state to up
*Mar 1 00:14:22.227: %LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface FastEthernet0/1, changed state to up
R4(config-if)#do show ip int b
Interface IP-Address OK? Method Status Protocol
FastEthernet0/0 192.168.40.2 YES manual up up
FastEthernet0/1 192.168.50.1 YES manual up up
R4(config-if)#
二、在路由器回环网卡上配置route ID
1.路由器R1
R1(config-if)#ex
R1(config)#int loopback 0
R1(config-if)#
*Mar 1 00:25:10.767: %LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface Loopback0, changed state to up
R1(config-if)#ip add 1.1.1.1 255.255.255.255
R1(config-if)#no shut
R1(config-if)#do show ip int b
Interface IP-Address OK? Method Status Protocol
FastEthernet0/0 192.168.20.1 YES manual up up
FastEthernet0/1 192.168.50.2 YES manual up up
FastEthernet1/0 192.168.10.1 YES manual up up
Loopback0 1.1.1.1 YES manual up up
R1(config-if)#
2.路由器R2
R2(config-if)#ex
R2(config)#int lo 0
R2(config-if)#
*Mar 1 00:28:05.027: %LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface Loopback0, changed state to up
R2(config-if)#ip add 2.2.2.2 255.255.255.255
R2(config-if)#no shut
R2(config-if)#do show ip int b
Interface IP-Address OK? Method Status Protocol
FastEthernet0/0 192.168.20.2 YES manual up up
FastEthernet0/1 192.168.30.1 YES manual up up
Loopback0 2.2.2.2 YES manual up up
R2(config-if)#
3.路由器R3
R3(config-if)#ex
R3(config)#int lo 0
R3(config-if)#
*Mar 1 00:28:53.939: %LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface Loopback0, changed state to up
R3(config-if)#ip add 3.3.3.3 255.255.255.255
R3(config-if)#no shut
R3(config-if)#do show ip int b
Interface IP-Address OK? Method Status Protocol
FastEthernet0/0 192.168.30.2 YES manual up up
FastEthernet0/1 192.168.40.1 YES manual up up
FastEthernet1/0 192.168.60.1 YES manual up up
Loopback0 3.3.3.3 YES manual up up
R3(config-if)#
4.路由器R4
R4(config-if)#ex
R4(config)#int lo 0
R4(config-if)#
*Mar 1 00:29:42.383: %LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface Loopback0, changed state to up
R4(config-if)#ip add 4.4.4.4 255.255.255.255
R4(config-if)#no shut
R4(config-if)#do show ip int b
Interface IP-Address OK? Method Status Protocol
FastEthernet0/0 192.168.40.2 YES manual up up
FastEthernet0/1 192.168.50.1 YES manual up up
Loopback0 4.4.4.4 YES manual up up
R4(config-if)#
三、启动OSPF路由协议,并宣告路由ID以及所属网段
1.路由器R1
R1(config-if)#ex
R1(config)#router ospf 1
R1(config-router)#router-id 1.1.1.1
R1(config-router)#network 192.168.10.0 0.0.0.255 area 0
R1(config-router)#network 192.168.20.0 0.0.0.255 area 0
R1(config-router)#network 192.168.50.0 0.0.0.255 area 0
R1(config-router)#ex
R1(config)#
2.路由器R2
R2(config-if)#ex
R2(config)#router ospf 1
R2(config-router)#router-id 2.2.2.2
R2(config-router)#network 192.168.20.0 0.0.0.255 area 0
R2(config-router)#
*Mar 1 00:43:17.799: %OSPF-5-ADJCHG: Process 1, Nbr 1.1.1.1 on FastEthernet0/0 from LOADING to FULL, Loading Done
R2(config-router)#network 192.168.30.0 0.0.0.255 area 1
R2(config-router)#
*Mar 1 00:45:49.619: %OSPF-5-ADJCHG: Process 1, Nbr 3.3.3.3 on FastEthernet0/1 from LOADING to FULL, Loading Done
R2(config-router)#ex
R2(config)#
3.路由器R3
R3(config-if)#ex
R3(config)#router ospf 1
R3(config-router)#router-id 3.3.3.3
R3(config-router)#network 192.168.30.0 0.0.0.255 area 1
R3(config-router)#
*Mar 1 00:45:49.651: %OSPF-5-ADJCHG: Process 1, Nbr 2.2.2.2 on FastEthernet0/0 from LOADING to FULL, Loading Done
R3(config-router)#network 192.168.40.0 0.0.0.255 area 1
R3(config-router)#network 192.168.60.0 0.0.0.255 area 1
R3(config-router)#ex
R3(config)#
*Mar 1 00:48:56.483: %OSPF-5-ADJCHG: Process 1, Nbr 4.4.4.4 on FastEthernet0/1 from LOADING to FULL, Loading Done
R3(config)#
4.路由器R4
R4(config-if)#ex
R4(config)#router ospf 1
R4(config-router)#router-id 4.4.4.4
R4(config-router)#network 192.168.40.0 0.0.0.255 area 1
R4(config-router)#
*Mar 1 00:48:56.479: %OSPF-5-ADJCHG: Process 1, Nbr 3.3.3.3 on FastEthernet0/0 from LOADING to FULL, Loading Done
R4(config-router)#network 192.168.50.0 0.0.0.255 area 0
R4(config-router)#ex
R4(config)#
*Mar 1 00:49:09.523: %OSPF-5-ADJCHG: Process 1, Nbr 1.1.1.1 on FastEthernet0/1 from LOADING to FULL, Loading Done
R4(config)#
四、查看路由表
1.路由器R1
R1(config)#do show ip route
Codes: C - connected, S - static, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP
D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area
N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2
E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2
i - IS-IS, su - IS-IS summary, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2
ia - IS-IS inter area, * - candidate default, U - per-user static route
o - ODR, P - periodic downloaded static route
Gateway of last resort is not set
1.0.0.0/32 is subnetted, 1 subnets
C 1.1.1.1 is directly connected, Loopback0
O IA 192.168.30.0/24 [110/20] via 192.168.20.2, 00:20:36, FastEthernet0/0
O IA 192.168.60.0/24 [110/21] via 192.168.50.1, 00:01:34, FastEthernet0/1
[110/21] via 192.168.20.2, 00:01:34, FastEthernet0/0
C 192.168.10.0/24 is directly connected, FastEthernet1/0
O IA 192.168.40.0/24 [110/20] via 192.168.50.1, 00:14:46, FastEthernet0/1
C 192.168.20.0/24 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/0
C 192.168.50.0/24 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/1
R1(config)#
2.路由器R2
R2(config)#do show ip route
Codes: C - connected, S - static, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP
D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area
N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2
E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2
i - IS-IS, su - IS-IS summary, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2
ia - IS-IS inter area, * - candidate default, U - per-user static route
o - ODR, P - periodic downloaded static route
Gateway of last resort is not set
2.0.0.0/32 is subnetted, 1 subnets
C 2.2.2.2 is directly connected, Loopback0
C 192.168.30.0/24 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/1
O 192.168.60.0/24 [110/11] via 192.168.30.2, 00:02:17, FastEthernet0/1
O 192.168.10.0/24 [110/11] via 192.168.20.1, 00:03:18, FastEthernet0/0
O 192.168.40.0/24 [110/20] via 192.168.30.2, 00:18:42, FastEthernet0/1
C 192.168.20.0/24 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/0
O 192.168.50.0/24 [110/20] via 192.168.20.1, 00:21:24, FastEthernet0/0
R2(config)#
3.路由器R3
Enter configuration commands, one per line. End with CNTL/Z.
R3(config)#do show ip route
Codes: C - connected, S - static, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP
D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area
N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2
E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2
i - IS-IS, su - IS-IS summary, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2
ia - IS-IS inter area, * - candidate default, U - per-user static route
o - ODR, P - periodic downloaded static route
Gateway of last resort is not set
3.0.0.0/32 is subnetted, 1 subnets
C 3.3.3.3 is directly connected, Loopback0
C 192.168.30.0/24 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/0
C 192.168.60.0/24 is directly connected, FastEthernet1/0
O IA 192.168.10.0/24 [110/21] via 192.168.40.2, 00:03:54, FastEthernet0/1
[110/21] via 192.168.30.1, 00:03:54, FastEthernet0/0
C 192.168.40.0/24 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/1
O IA 192.168.20.0/24 [110/20] via 192.168.30.1, 00:19:31, FastEthernet0/0
O IA 192.168.50.0/24 [110/20] via 192.168.40.2, 00:16:19, FastEthernet0/1
R3(config)#
4.路由器R4
R4(config)#do show ip route
Codes: C - connected, S - static, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP
D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area
N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2
E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2
i - IS-IS, su - IS-IS summary, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2
ia - IS-IS inter area, * - candidate default, U - per-user static route
o - ODR, P - periodic downloaded static route
Gateway of last resort is not set
O 192.168.30.0/24 [110/20] via 192.168.40.1, 00:16:46, FastEthernet0/0
O 192.168.60.0/24 [110/11] via 192.168.40.1, 00:03:14, FastEthernet0/0
4.0.0.0/32 is subnetted, 1 subnets
C 4.4.4.4 is directly connected, Loopback0
O 192.168.10.0/24 [110/11] via 192.168.50.2, 00:04:15, FastEthernet0/1
C 192.168.40.0/24 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/0
O 192.168.20.0/24 [110/20] via 192.168.50.2, 00:16:31, FastEthernet0/1
C 192.168.50.0/24 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/1
R4(config)#
分析路由表信息:
1.负载均衡,可以通过两种当值去获得IP
![](https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/20190914201628265.png)
2.没有负载均衡的说明自身就是负载均衡
五、给客户机配置IP地址
1.PC1
PC1>
PC1> ip 192.168.10.2 192.168.10.1
Checking for duplicate address...
PC1 : 192.168.10.2 255.255.255.0 gateway 192.168.10.1
2.CP2
PC2> ip 192.168.60.2 192.168.60.1
Checking for duplicate address...
PC1 : 192.168.60.2 255.255.255.0 gateway 192.168.60.1
六、验证客户机之间是否互通
PC1> ping 192.168.60.2 -t
192.168.60.2 icmp_seq=1 timeout
84 bytes from 192.168.60.2 icmp_seq=2 ttl=61 time=57.082 ms
84 bytes from 192.168.60.2 icmp_seq=3 ttl=61 time=57.879 ms
84 bytes from 192.168.60.2 icmp_seq=4 ttl=61 time=63.043 ms
84 bytes from 192.168.60.2 icmp_seq=5 ttl=61 time=56.809 ms
结果表明:互通